Chance Rides

Chance Rides Manufacturing is a roller coaster and amusement ride manufacturer. The company was formed on May 16, 2002, when the former Chance Industries Inc. emerged from bankruptcy. The main office and manufacturing facility are located in Wichita, Kansas.

Chance Rides Manufacturing
TypePrivate
IndustryAmusement ride manufacturing
FoundedChance Manufacturing: 1961
Chance Rides Manufacturing: 2002
HeadquartersWichita, Kansas, United States[1]
Key people
Harold Chance, Richard (Dick) Chance, Michael Chance, John Chance, Aaron Landrum
ProductsRoller coasters, thrill rides, family rides, gentle rides
SubsidiariesChance Morgan
Websitechancerides.com

History
"Chance Operations" redirects here. For other uses, see Chance Operations (disambiguation).

Chance Manufacturing was incorporated in 1961 by Richard H. (Harold) Chance. Harold Chance had been involved in the amusement business since 1946 building small trains for the Ottaway Amusement Company. He designed a 2 ft (610 mm) gauge replica of the C. P. Huntington, a well-known steam locomotive built in 1863.[2] Titled by the same name, Chance's C. P. Huntington is the company's most successful product line.[1] In 1967, Chance began producing Starliner Trams under the subsidiary Chance Coach. In 1970, Chance acquired the assets of the Allan Herschell Company. Richard G. Chance (Dick Chance) assumed control of the company and formed Chance Industries, Inc. in 1985 to oversee the various divisions – Chance Rides, Chance Coach, and Chance Operations.[1] In December 1986, Chance then acquired Bradley & Kaye, a ride manufacturer specialized in children's rides and carousel figures.[3]

Modern era

For several years, Chance Rides Manufacturing products were sold under the brand Chance Morgan. In 2011, the company reintroduced the Chance Rides brand which encompasses Chance Morgan Coasters, Inc. and Chance Rides Manufacturing.[1] On September 17, 2011, trade publication Amusement Today presented Chance Rides with the Golden Ticket Award for Supplier of the Year, in honor of the company's 50th anniversary.[4]

Trains

Chance Rides began to fabricate their 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge[5] C. P. Huntington locomotive in 1960. These locomotives are powered by a gasoline, diesel, propane or electric engine. The engine is powered to an automatic transmission, which controls a 90* drop down gearbox that powers drive shafts to the front and rear power trucks. Its drive wheels are not powered, but roll on the rails while fake side rods reciprocate in and out of fake cylinders. The false drive wheels have been removed by some owners for ease of maintenance. This has been the most popular park train since The Allan Herschell Company merged into Chance Industries and production of the S-24 Iron Horse train ceased. Many amusement parks are replacing their steam locomotives with these locomotives since they are easier to maintain and operate.[6]

The first C. P. Huntington locomotive was delivered to the now-defunct Joyland Amusement Park in Wichita, Kansas. This replaced the original miniature train that has operated since 1933. As the first locomotive, it carries the serial number 1 from the factory.

The Lincoln Children's Zoo in Lincoln, Nebraska, operates a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge C. P. Huntington locomotive on its ZO&O Railroad train ride around the park. Established in 1963 as the Iron Horse Railroad, the first C. P. Huntington locomotive was delivered to the Lincoln Children's Zoo founder, Arnot R. Folsom, by Richard H. Chance, President of Chance Rides in Wichita, Kansas. The first engineer hired by Folsom in 1963 was a local high school student, J. D. Ayres, who worked as a seasonal employee building the railroad track prior to the Zoo's opening. In October 1963, the city of Lincoln staged a Golden Spike Ceremony attended by the Mayor, City Council, and other local dignitaries. The ceremonial Golden Spike was an actual track spike of a type used extensively in building the railroad, but which had been gold plated for the event. The Iron Horse Railroad operated successfully as the primary revenue generator for the Lincoln Children's Zoo prior to the grand opening in 1965. In 2020, the zoo's original locomotive was replaced with a new electric locomotive.[7]

There are three C.P. Huntington replicas operating the perimeter track at the Santa Barbara Zoo.

Story Land in Glen, NH operates four C.P. Huntington locomotives.

Pullen Park, a park run since 1887 in Raleigh, NC, has a CP Huntington train with millions of riders to ride on it since 1950.

The Baton Rouge Zoo also runs a C.P. Huntington locomotive around the perimeter of its zoo. It was donated by the local Coca-Cola plant.

Landa Park in New Braunfels, TX operates a gas powered version through the park surrounding the springs and headwaters of the Comal River.

The Downtown Aquarium in Houston became the first operator of an electric version of the locomotive.[8][9][10]

Storyland & Playland in Roeding Park located in Fresno, CA, runs a Chance Rides CP Huntington locomotive between the two themed parks pulling a total of 6 passenger cars.

As of 2018, Chance Rides has built over 400 different C. P. Huntington locomotives and coaches for customers around the world - such as "Window on China" in Taiwan that run 2 of these locomotives. Prices for locomotives run just under $200,000 and coaches run about $60,000 each. Locomotives and coaches can be customized in a variety of ways.

Carousels

Chance Carrousels (deliberately spelled with two 'Rs') were introduced in 1971 following the acquisition of the Allan Herschell Company the previous year. Chance modified the Herschell design giving it a more ornate style.[1] After Chance purchased Bradley & Kaye in December 1986, Chance was able to use the molds and manufacturing rights to 62 carousel figures produced by Bradley & Kaye owner, David Bradley. He had carefully reproduced prized carousel animals from famous carvers over the previous 20 years and new molds were cast at the Chance facility under his direction, until Bradley died in 1988.[11] These famous reproductions with spectacular detail have been included on Chance carrousels since the late 1980s. With the merger of the D. H. Morgan line of carousels, some of the unique Morgan figures have been added to the collection as well. Although fiberglass, the magnificent detail and menagerie of different styles of horses and other figures have become a trademark of Chance Rides carrousels.[1]

Ferris wheels

The first Ferris wheel from Chance, the Astro Wheel, was sold to showman Don Franklin and debuted at the 1967 Iowa State Fair. It featured 16 cars with two passengers per car.[12] The first park model, an 80-foot Giant Wheel, was built in 1975 at Valleyfair amusement park in Minnesota.[13] It features 18 cars holding four passengers per car and is still in operation. The Giant Wheel/Century Wheel was introduced in various sizes in both park and portable models in 1988.[14]

In 2006, Chance worked with Ronald Bussink Professional Rides of Switzerland and Dutch Wheels BV, a division of Vekoma Rides, to produce larger wheels such as the Niagara SkyWheel which stands 53.3 m (175 ft) tall.[15] It features 42 air-conditioned cars seating eight passengers per car.[16] According to Chance Rides director Angus Jenkins, the larger wheels are known as observation wheels as opposed to Ferris wheels, since they carry riders in enclosed cars rather than in open seats.[17]

On October 19, 2012, Chance Rides announced a long term license agreement with Bussink Design GmbH for the exclusive rights to manufacture and sell the R80XL Giant Wheel in North America.[18] Chance Rides will market the R80XL, which is over 250 ft (76 m) tall, under an affiliate company, Chance American Wheels. The first R80XL wheel was manufactured by Maurer German Wheels in Munich, Germany, and was delivered to the city early in 2013.[19] The first U.S. version built by Chance was the Capital Wheel at the National Harbor, Md. It opened May 23, 2014.[20][21] Chance Rides/Chance American Wheels will continue to manufacturer and sell R60 wheels in North America under an exclusive license from Dutch Wheels BV.[15]

Notable wheels include:

Roller coasters

Chance Manufacturing's first coaster was the Toboggan, a portable ride in which a small vehicle climbed vertically up a tower then spiraled back down around the same tower. The ride was invented by Walter House of Amarillo, Texas, and Chance acquired the manufacturing rights and started producing it in 1969. It was designed to be a carnival ride, fitting on two trailers, but several units were purchased by amusement parks where they were set up as permanent attractions. Chance manufactured 32 of these units, two of which still operate at a permanent park.[30] In 1998 Chance introduced the Big Dipper children's coaster. With the integration of the D. H. Morgan line into Chance Rides in 2001, the company acquired track manufacturing technology and the ability to offer a variety of coaster designs. D. H. Morgan was an offshoot of Arrow Development, original developer of tubular steel track, first used on Disney's Matterhorn Bobsleds attraction. In 2006, Chance formed an alliance with Vekoma.[31] Chance Rides represented Vekoma in North America and manufactured the steel track for select projects. On October 17, 2012 Chance Rides and Vekoma discontinued their agreement to produce rides together for the North American market.[32]

List of roller coasters


As of 2019, Chance Rides has built 36 roller coasters around the world.[33]

NameModelParkCountryOpenedStatusRef
TobogganTobogganTrimper's Rides United StatesUnknownRemoved[34]
TobogganTobogganAdventureland United StatesUnknownRemoved[35]
TobogganTobogganJenkinson's Boardwalk United StatesUnknownRemoved[36]
TobogganTobogganGreat Adventure Amusement Park United StatesUnknownRemoved[37]
Star WarsTobogganParc Avenue FranceUnknownRemoved[38]
TobogganTobogganPlayland Park United StatesUnknownRemoved[39]
TobogganTobogganOld Chicago United StatesUnknownRemoved[40]
Swiss TobogganTobogganBoblo Island CanadaUnknownRemoved[41]
TobogganTobogganShaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park United StatesUnknownRemoved[42]
TobogganTobogganCentral Pier Arcade & Speedway United StatesUnknownRemoved[43]
TobogganTobogganFuntown Pier United StatesUnknownRemoved[44]
TobogganTobogganFamily Kingdom Amusement Park United StatesUnknownRemoved[45]
TobogganTobogganSportland Pier United States1966Removed[46]
Swamp BuggyTobogganSix Flags AstroWorld United States1970Removed[47]
TobogganTobogganParc Belmont Canada1970Removed[48]
TobogganTobogganCasino Pier United States1970Removed[49]
Swiss TobogganTobogganSanta's Village AZoosment Park United States1971Removed[50]
TobogganTobogganHersheypark United States1972Removed[51] & [52]
Arctic CatTobogganCrystal Beach Park Canada1974Removed[53]
UnknownTobogganCal Expo Amusement Park United States1975Removed[54]
TobogganTobogganStewart Beach Park United States1980Removed[55]
TobogganTobogganGhost Town Village United States1980Removed[56]
TobogganTobogganLakemont Park United States1991Removed[57]
Wild & Wooly Toboggan
Formerly Toboggan
Formerly Earthquake McGoon's Brain Rattler		TobogganLittle Amerricka
Seven Peaks Water Park Duneland
Dogpatch USA		 United States1993
1989 to 1990
1969 to 1988		Operating[58]
[59]
[60]
JoustBig DipperDutch Wonderland United States1998Operating[61]
Big DipperBig DipperMichigan's Adventure United States1999Operating[62]
Gold RushBig DipperWild Adventures United States1999Removed[63]
TobogganTobogganGrand Prix Amusements
Arnolds Park		 Canada1999
1998		Removed[64]
[65]
Wile E. Coyote's Grand Canyon BlasterBig DipperSix Flags Over Texas United States2001Operating[66]
TobogganTobogganConneaut Lake Park United States2002In storage[67]
The Joker Funhouse Coaster
Formerly Wile E. Coyote Canyon Blaster		Big Dipper CustomSix Flags Over Georgia United States2004Operating[68]
TobogganTobogganClacton Pier
Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach		 United Kingdom2009
1993 to 2000		Removed[69]
[70]
Lightning RunHyper GT-X CoasterKentucky Kingdom United States2014Operating[71]
Family Roller CoasterBig Dipper CustomWildlife World United States2016Operating[72]
Nickelodeon Slime StreakFamilyNickelodeon Universe Theme Park inside the American Dream Meadowlands United States2019Operating[73]

Current models

Past models

References
  1. Seifert, Jeffrey (November 2011), "Chance Rides celebrates 50 years of fun and thrills", Amusement Today, 15 (8.2): 28–30
  2. "Southern Pacific Railroad Steam Locomotive No. 1". California Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  3. "About the Author". Maker of Dreams. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2016. In December 1986, when Chance Rides, Inc. acquired Bradley & Kaye, a Long Beach, California based ride manufacturer specializing in children’s rides and carrousel animals, Swinson saw a new opportunity for Chance Rides in the shopping center industry, which he was already familiar with because of his commercial real estate background.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. Seifert, Jeffrey (September 2011), "For 50 years, Chance Rides delivers rides, fun to the amusement industry", Amusement Today, 15 (6.2): 32
  5. Chance Rides C. P. Huntington Train Specs
  6. "C. P. Huntington | Train & Theme Park History". The Abandoned Carousel. 2019-09-04. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  7. Salter, Peter. "'Tesla-like' — Jim the (electric) Train to soon pull passengers at Lincoln Children's Zoo". JournalStar.com. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  8. "The New Electric C.P. Huntington Made Its Debut at Landry's Downtown Aquarium in Houston". Amusement Today. 2018-04-25. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  9. "All A-board The Electric Eel Train at The Downtown Aquarium - Houston". www.aquariumrestaurants.com. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  10. "Electric C.P. Huntington Train – CHANCE RIDES". Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  11. Meares, Hadley (November 1, 2013). "Beverly Park and Ponyland: The 'Kiddieland' that Inspired Walt Disney". KCET. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
  12. Chance, Harold (2004). The Book of Chance. Wichita, Kansas: Wichita Press. p. 44. ISBN 0-9649065-0-3.
  13. Chance, Harold (2004). The Book of Chance. Wichita, Kansas: Wichita Press. p. 56. ISBN 0-9649065-0-3.
  14. "Ferris Wheel Comes Full Circle". New York Times. May 20, 2001. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  15. "Dutch Wheels expands its activities into the North American market". Amusement Today. October 31, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  16. "One of a Kind 'Giant Wheel' Debuts in Niagara Falls, Canada". PRWeb.
  17. Voorhis, Dan (January 16, 2014). "Chance Rides of Wichita building 175-foot-tall observation wheel for resort outside D.C." The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  18. "R80XL Giant Wheel – CHANCE RIDES".
  19. "Chance Rides signs exclusive deal with Bussink Design". Amusement Today. October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  20. "Capital Ferris Wheel En Route to National Harbor". CBS DC. February 18, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  21. "Bussink Design sets new World Record with R80 XL!". Bussink Design. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  22. Rice, Bill (June 10, 1989). "Much to do in Lake George". Schenedtady Gazette. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  23. "Cleveland I-X Center". About.com. April 10, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  24. "I-X Center Facility Overview". I-X Center. 1999. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  25. "Chance Giant Wheel Draws Guests to new addition at Hersheypark" (Press release). Chance Rides. July 18, 1996.
  26. "Chance Giant Wheel and other Chance products help Clementon Amusement Park cash in on family appeal" (Press release). Chance Rides. August 6, 1997.
  27. "Breathtaking views of Niagara Falls Aboard the First Chance Morgan R60 Giant Wheel" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  28. "New R60 Giant Wheel Coming to Myrtle Beach, SC" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  29. "Chance Rides Blog". Chance Rides. August 8, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-12-02. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  30. Chance, Harold (2004). The Book of Chance. Wichita, Kansas: Wichita Press. p. 48. ISBN 0-9649065-0-3.
  31. "Vekoma Rides Manufacturing BV - Sales & Marketing". Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  32. "Chance Rides & Vekoma Rides decide to discontinue North America coop". Amusement Today. October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
  33. "Fabbri (Bergantino, Veneto, Italy)". rcdb.com.
  34. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Trimper's Rides)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  35. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  36. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Jenkinson's Boardwalk)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  37. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Great Adventure Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  38. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Parc Avenue)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  39. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Playland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  40. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Old Chicago)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  41. Marden, Duane. "Swiss Toboggan  (Boblo Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  42. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Shaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  43. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Central Pier Arcade & Speedway)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  44. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Funtown Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  45. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Family Kingdom Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  46. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  47. Marden, Duane. "Swamp Buggy  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  48. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Parc Belmont)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  49. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  50. Marden, Duane. "Swiss Toboggan  (Santa's Village AZoosment Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  51. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  52. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  53. Marden, Duane. "Arctic Cat  (Crystal Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  54. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Cal Expo Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  55. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Stewart Beach Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  56. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Ghost Town Village)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  57. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Lakemont Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  58. Marden, Duane. "Wild & Wooly Toboggan  (Little Amerricka)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  59. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Seven Peaks Water Park Duneland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  60. Marden, Duane. "Earthquake McGoon's Brain Rattler  (Dogpatch USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  61. Marden, Duane. "Joust  (Dutch Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  62. Marden, Duane. "Big Dipper  (Michigan's Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  63. Marden, Duane. "Gold Rush  (Wild Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  64. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Grand Prix Amusements)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  65. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Arnolds Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  66. Marden, Duane. "Wile E. Coyote's Grand Canyon Blaster  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  67. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Conneaut Lake Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  68. Marden, Duane. "Joker Funhouse Coaster  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  69. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Clacton Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  70. Marden, Duane. "Toboggan  (Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  71. Marden, Duane. "Lightning Run  (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  72. Marden, Duane. "Family Roller Coaster  (Wildlife World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  73. Marden, Duane. "Nickelodeon Slime Streak  (Nickelodeon Universe Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  74. "Chance Rides Carrousels". Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  75. "Aviator". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  76. "CP Huntington Train – CHANCE RIDES".
  77. "Century Wheel". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  78. "DGW 35 Gondola Wheel – CHANCE RIDES".
  79. "DGW 45 Gondola Wheel – CHANCE RIDES".
  80. "Electric Cars". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  81. "Family Coasters — Big Dipper". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  82. "Freestyle". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  83. "Giant Wheel". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  84. "Hypercoaster" (PDF). chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  85. "Hyper GT-X Coaster". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  86. "GXL 200 Wheel – CHANCE RIDES".
  87. Rutherford, Scott (November 2011), "Chance SkyWheel lights up Myrtle Beach tourism business", Amusement Today, 15 (8.2): 30
  88. "Chance Rides Wheels". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  89. "Chance Rides Revolution". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  90. "Unicoaster". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  91. "Unicoaster 2.0 – CHANCE RIDES".
  92. "Wipout" (PDF). chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  93. Chance, Harold (2004). The Book of Chance. Wichita, Kansas: Wichita Press. pp. 35–67. ISBN 0-9649065-0-3.
  94. Burton, David. "Chaos". Amusement Ride Extravaganza. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  95. Burton, David. "Inverter". Amusement Ride Extravaganza. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  96. "Rides & Attraction — Music Fest". Helm & Sons Amusements. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  97. "Observation Tower". chancerides.com. Chance Rides, Inc. 2013. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  98. "Chance Rides service bulletin" (PDF). Leisure Technical Consultants Limited. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  99. Hollis, Tim. Images of America: Six Flags Over Georgia. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing. p. 101. ISBN 0-7385-4358-6.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.