Catholic Church in Spain

The Catholic Church in Spain is part of the Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome, and the Spanish Episcopal Conference.

Catholic Church in Spain
Spanish: Iglesia Católica en España
Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See in Seville
Type	National polity
Classification	Catholic
Orientation	Christianity
Scripture	Bible
Theology	Catholic theology
Polity	Episcopal
Governance	CEE
Pope	Francis
Primate	Francisco Cerro Chaves
Region	Spain
Language	Spanish, Latin
Founder	Apostles James and Paul
Origin	1st century Hispania, Roman Empire
Separations	Protestantism in Spain Palmarian Catholic Church
Members	32,364,000[1]
Official website	CEE

The Toledo Cathedral seat of the Primates of Spain

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 establishes the non-denominationality of the State, providing that the public authorities take into account the religious beliefs of society, maintaining cooperative relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions. Thus, the relations between the Spanish State and The Holy See are regulated by the 1976 agreement and the three 1979 agreements, which modified and replaced the previous 1953 concordat.[2][3]

History

According to Romans 15:28 in the Romans, Christianity began in Spain when St. Paul went to Hispania to preach the gospel there after visiting the Romans along the way. After 410 AD, Spain was taken over by the Visigoths who had been converted to Arianism around 360. From the 5th to the 7th century, about thirty synods, were held at Toledo to regulate and standardise matters of discipline, decreed uniformity of liturgy throughout the kingdom. Medieval Spain was the scene of almost constant warfare between Islamic and Christian kingdoms. Islamic and Christian people generally lived in peaceful co-existence under Islamic rule such as in Al-Andalus with many instances of inter-religious marriage. However, there was tension from the Pope and the Catholic Church to oppose Islamic rule in Spain and to "reclaim" Europe. This was the period of the so-called "Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain". The Almohads, who had taken control of the Almoravids' Maghrebi and Andalusian territories by 1147, far surpassed the Almoravids in Islamic fundamentalism, and they notably treated the non-Islamic dhimmis harshly. Faced with the choice of death, conversion, or emigration, many Jews fled to North Africa and Egypt.[4]

The Reconquista was the long process by which the Catholics reconquered Spain from Islamic rule by 1492. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 to complete the religious purification of the Iberian Peninsula. In the centuries that followed, Spain saw itself as the bulwark of Catholicism and doctrinal purity.

Spanish missionaries carried Catholicism to the Americas and the Philippines, establishing various missions in the newly colonized lands. The missions served as a base for both administering colonies as well as spreading Christianity.

The Catholic Church in Spain supported Franco in the Spanish Civil War and afterwards established a close relationship with the Spanish state, with many Catholic priests serving in the government. After Vatican II, the church suddenly reversed its position, withdrew its support for the Franco regime, and supported the separation of church and state.[5]

Sites

Sagrada Familia in Barcelona

The Spanish Church oversees one of the greatest repositories of religious architecture (and art) in the world, among them the outstanding cathedrals of Cordoba (a former mosque), Santiago de Compostela, Burgos, León, Seville, Toledo and the Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza. There are also magnificent monasteries like San Millán and Silos in La Rioja, Monstserrat and Poblet in Catalonia, El Escorial and El Paular in Madrid, San Juan de los Reyes in Castile-La Mancha, the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Castile and Leon, or churches like Sagrada Familia in Barcelona by Antoni Gaudí.

Festivals and pilgrimages

Holy Week

Holy Week (Spanish: Semana Santa) in Spain attracts thousands of pilgrims and tourists alike. For centuries Holy Week has had a special significance in the church calendar in Spain, where early on Good Friday the darkened streets of dawn become the stage for solemn processions and celebrations that lead up to festivities of Easter Sunday. Fifty-eight processions (according to a 2008 guide) parallel the health and wealth of the city from the 16th and 17th centuries of its golden age to the French Invasion in the 18th century and finally to its rebirth today in the twentieth century. Despite church attendances falling, in common with the rest of Europe, the Easter processions are expanding, as many newly formed brotherhoods have asked for permission from bishops and other authorities to process during Holy Week.[6]

Way of Saint James

For over a thousand years, Europeans living north of the Alps have made their way to the closest place in Europe "where they could access the spiritual authority of an Apostle: Santiago de Compostela.".[7] In 2007, for example, over 100,000 people walked to Santiago de Compostela alone.[8]

Statistics

There are over 42 million baptized, covering about 92% of the total population. There are 70 dioceses and archdioceses.

In spite of strong traditions, most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious services. A study conducted in October 2006 by the Spanish Centre of Sociological Research[9] shows that of the Spaniards who identify themselves as religious, 54% hardly ever or never go to church (except for wedding and funerals), 15% go to church some times a year, 10% some time per month and 19% every Sunday or multiple times per week. A huge majority of young Spaniards, including those who self-identify as Catholic, ignore the Church's stance on issues such as pre-marital sex, sexual orientation or contraception.[10][11][12][13][14] The total number of parish priests has shrunk from 24,300 in 1975 to 19,307 in 2005. Nuns also dropped 6.9% to 54,160 in the period 2000-2005 (though compared to the United States with nearly 70 million Catholics and only 44 thousand priests and 50 thousand nuns, it is not severe).[15]

According to the Eurobarometer 69 (2008), another independent source, only 3% of Spaniards consider religion as one of their three most important values, while the European mean is 7%.[16]

See also

• Religion in Spain
• Saints of Catalonia
• Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic
• Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War

References

1. The top 10 most Catholic countries in the world
2. Rouco Varela, Antonio Mª (1996). . RELACIONES IGLESIA-ESTADO EN LA ESPAÑA DEL SIGLO XXI.
3. Llamazares Fernández, Dionisio . Los Acuerdos del Estado español con la Santa Sede.
4. "The Almohads". Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
5. Philpott, Daniel (2004). "The Catholic Wave". Journal of Democracy. 15 (2): 32–46. doi:10.1353/jod.2004.0034.
6. Brian Whelan, "Amid the smell of incense came the purple-hooded Nazarenes," The Tablet, 22 March 2008, 16.
7. Kevin A. Codd, "El Camino Speaks," America, 15 December 2003, 8.
8. Howse, Christopher (2008-06-07). "Blisterless on the road to Santiago". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
9. Centre of Sociological Investigations
10. Tarvainen, Sinikka (2004-09-26). "Reforms anger Spanish church". Dawn International. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
11. "Zapatero accused of rejecting religion". Worldwide Religious News. 2004-10-15. Archived from the original on 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
12. Loewenberg, Samuel (2005-06-26). "As Spaniards Lose Their Religion, Church Leaders Struggle to Hold On". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
13. Pingree, Geoff (2004-10-01). "Secular drive challenges Spain's Catholic identity". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
14. Samuel Lowenberg, "Church Leaders Struggle to Hold On," The New York Times 26 June 2005, 4.
15. "Estadísticas de la Iglesia en España, 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-20. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
16. "Eurobarometer 69 - Values of Europeans - page 16" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-03-24.

• "Survey" (in Spanish). Sociological Research Center - Madrid, Spain. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

Further reading

• Callahan, William J. The Catholic Church in Spain, 1875-1998 (1998; reprint 2012)
• Jedin, Hubert, and John Dolan, eds. History of the Church, Volume X: The Church in the Modern Age (1989)
• Lannon, Frances. Privilege, Persecution, and Prophecy. The Catholic Church in Spain 1875-1975. (Oxford UP, 1987)
• Payne, Stanley G. Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview (1984)
• Relaño Pastor, Eugenia. "Spanish Catholic Church in Franco Regime: A Marriage of Convenience," Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie und Geschichtswissenschaft (2007) 20#2 pp 275–287.
• Vincent, Mary. "Spain", in Tom Buchanan and Martin Conway, eds., Political Catholicism in Europe, 1918–1965 (Oxford 1996)