Catherinehof

Ekaterinhof or Catherinehof (Russian: Екатеринго́ф) is a historic district in the south-west of St Petersburg, Russia. Its name originated in 1711, when Peter the Great presented the Ekaterinhof Island and adjacent lands along the Ekateringofka River to his wife Catherine, whose name they memorialize.

Etching by Aleksey Zubov, 1716.

The emperor apparently conceived Catherinehof as the first imperial estate located on the road leading from the capital to his main summer residence, Peterhof. He commissioned a two-storey wooden palace, a canal, and a harbour to be constructed there. For his daughters, the estates of Annenhof and Elisavethof were projected.

A pet project of Peter I, the estate was abandoned following his death. Empress Anna added two wings to the palace, but these were demolished in 1779. As the succeeding monarchs preferred to develop Tsarskoe Selo as their alternative summer residence, Catherinehof suffered from neglect until 1800, when Emperor Paul donated it to his mistress, Anna Gagarina.

Four years later, the estate passed to the City of St Petersburg, which developed it as a municipal amusement park, with many garden pavilions and a "vauxhall" for musical exercises constructed on the grounds. The main palace housed a library and a museum dedicated to Peter I. The Petrine park was considerably expanded and became so popular with St Petersburgers that allusions to it may be found in such works as Casanova's memoirs and Dostoyevsky's novels.[1]

Catherinehof Park.

With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the formerly quiet and reclusive neighbourhood became an industrial suburb of the Russian capital. The park fell into neglect after the palace had been destroyed by fire in 1924. Several years ago, a private fund announced plans to rebuild the derelict palace.

Apart from the garden, which goes back to the 18th century, places of interest in Catherinehof include the Narva Triumphal Gate, the metochion of the Valaam Monastery, and a granite column reputedly commissioned by Catherine I to commemorate her executed lover William Mons.

St. Catherine's Church was founded in Catherinehof in 1703 and, as local lore has it, witnessed the secret wedding of Peter I and Catherine in 1707. Konstantin Thon replaced the old church with a much larger structure in his hallmark Russo-Byzantine style; but the massive five-domed building was overhauled in the 1890s before being torn down by the Soviets in 1929.

Notes

1. "Shortly before my departure, I gave a party at Ekaterinhof for all my friends and provided an excellent fireworks display at no cost to myself. They were a gift from my friend Melissino. But my supper, at a table set for thirty, was exquisite and my ball brilliant". — Giacomo Casanova. The Story of My Life. Penguin Classics, 2001. Page 401.

References

• Hayden, Peter (2006). Russian Parks and Gardens. Frances Lincoln. ISBN 978-0-7112-2430-8.
• Дубяго Т. В. Русские регулярные сады и парки [Russian Regular Gardens and Parks]. Leningrad, 1963.

Festival in Catherinehof by Carl von Hampeln.