Caspian Airlines Flight 6936

On 27 January 2020, Caspian Airlines Flight 6936 overran the runway on landing at Mahshahr Airport, Iran on a domestic flight from Tehran. All 144 people on board survived, with two injured.

Caspian Airlines Flight 6936
EP-CPZ lying in the road after overrunning the runway, with a Caspian Airlines 737 flying overhead.
Accident
Date27 January 2020 (2020-01-27)
SummaryRunway excursion due to Pilot error as a result of an unstabilized approach
SiteMahshahr Airport, Iran
Aircraft
Aircraft typeMcDonnell Douglas MD-83
OperatorCaspian Airlines
IATA flight No.IV6936
ICAO flight No.CPN6936
Call signCASPIAN 6936
RegistrationEP-CPZ
Flight originTehran Airport, Iran
DestinationMahshahr Airport
Occupants144
Passengers135
Crew9
Fatalities0
Injuries2
Survivors144

Accident

Flight 6936 departed from Tehran at 06:35 local time (02:05 UTC) and landed at Mahshahr Airport at 07:50.[1] The aircraft overran the runway on landing, ending up on the Mahshahr-Sarbandar Expressway 170 metres (560 ft) past the end of the runway. All 144 people on board, including 135 passengers, survived. The aircraft's landing gear collapsed during the overrun.[2][3] Two people were injured. A witness said that the aircraft's undercarriage did not appear to be fully down as it came in to land.[4] The head of Khuzestan Province's aviation authority stated that the aircraft landed long on the runway, causing the overrun.[5]

Aircraft and crew
EP-CPZ, the aircraft involved in the accident, seen here in June 2017.

The accident aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas MD-83,[5] registration EP-CPZ, msn 53464.[6] It first flew in 1994, then served with several different airlines before being transferred to Caspian in 2012.[7]

The captain was a 64-year-old male, who had joined Caspian in 2019, having previously flown for Kish Air and the Iranian Navy. He had 18,430 flight hours, including 7,840 hours on the MD-80. The first officer was a 28-year-old male who had logged only 300 flight hours, with 124 of them on the MD-80.[8]:10

Investigation

The Iran Civil Aviation Organization opened an investigation into the accident.[1]

On 1 September 2020 the CAO.IRI released its final report and established that the cause is a runway overrun, caused by the following crew errors: [8]

  • Poor decision-making for acceptance of the risk of high-speed landing
  • Un-stabilized approach against the normal flight profile
  • Poor CRM in the cockpit; and
  • Poor judgment and not accomplishing go-around while performing an unstabilized approach.

Other contributing factors are:

  • Loading of 5 tons of extra fuel, which increased the landing distance required.
  • Decision to make a landing on RWY 13 with tailwind.
  • Inability of the copilot (PM) to take control of the aircraft and proper action to execute go around.

Safety recommendations

As a result of this investigation, some recommendations were issued:

To Iran Civil Aviation Organization:

  1. Require all operators to provide more guidance and enforce further training for pilots and dispatchers regarding the company's fuel policy and the assumptions affecting landing distance/stopping margin calculations, to include use of aircraft ground deceleration devices, wind conditions and limits, air distance, and safety margins.
  2. Submit a formal request to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ir. Iran to correct the RWY strip dimension in Iran Aerodromes Bylaw in accordance with Annex 14 to the ICAO convention.
  3. Update the information of Mahshahr Airport in Iran AIP.

To Caspian Airlines:

  1. Perform the Line Operation Safety audit (LOSA) for Flight Crew and Cabin Crew.
  2. Correct the Simulator Lesson Plans for flight considering the findings of the accident.
  3. Expand and improve the Flight Data Analysis System.
  4. Improve communication system between operation department and all crew members about notifying flight planning.

To Mahshahr Airport:

  • Follow Iran CAO aerodrome requirements for ANS, control of obstacles and review Instrument Approach procedures.

To Iran Airports and Air Navigation Company:

  • Provide training guidelines for ATS personnel about the agreed coordination between involved ATS units.

References
  1. "Plane skids off runway in SW Iran, no injuries". Mehr News. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  2. "Iranian passenger plane slides off runway into highway, passengers safe". Reuters via Yahoo News. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  3. Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Caspian MD83 at Mahshahr on Jan 27th 2020, overran runway on landing". Aviation Herald. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  4. "Iranian aircraft slides onto highway after pilot 'misses' runway". BBC News Online. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  5. "Iran airliner overshoots runway, stops in highway". Agence France Pressé via Yahoo News. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  6. "EP-CPZ accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Flight Safety Foundation. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  7. "EP-CPZ Caspian Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-83 (DC-9-83)". www.planespotters.net. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  8. "Final report of the accident investigation at Mahshahr Airport" (PDF). Iran Civil Aviation Organization. 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-09-10.
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