Capital Crescent Trail

The Capital Crescent Trail (CCT) is a 7.04-mile (11.33 km) long, shared-use rail trail that runs from Georgetown in Washington, D.C., to Bethesda, Maryland. An extension of the trail from Bethesda to Silver Spring, along a route formerly known as the Georgetown Branch Trail is currently being constructed as part of the Purple Line light rail project.

Capital Crescent Trail
Capital Crescent Trail in Bethesda, Maryland
EstablishedDecember 1996
Length7.04 miles (11.33 km)
LocationWashington metropolitan area
TrailheadsSouth: Georgetown, North: Bethesda, Future: Silver Spring
UseHiking, Biking
Cycling details
SurfaceAsphalt
Websitewww.cctrail.org

The Capital Crescent Trail is one of the most heavily used rail trails in the United States and is used by more than 1 million walkers, joggers, bikers, skateboarders and rollerbladers each year.[1] In 2005, it was named one of the "21 great places that show how transportation can enliven a community" by The Project for Public Spaces.[2]

History

The trail runs on the abandoned right-of-way of the Georgetown Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The branch was partially built in 1892 and completed in 1910. It served Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO), the Washington Mill, and federal government buildings; but with the changing use of Georgetown's waterfront, became obsolete. B&O was purchased by the Chessie System in 1973. In 1983 the railroad notified the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) that the Georgetown Branch that it would be the subject of an abandonment application.[3] Within a year, the Washington Area Bicyclist Association contacted the Maryland National Capital Parks and Planning Commission about turning it into a trail. The idea of using the right-of-way as a trail dated back to the early 1970s as it was mentioned as an existing proposal in the 1975 Bethesda Central Business District Sector Plan.[4] In January 1986, WABA completed a feasibility study of the trail, and the next month advocates chose the name "Capital Crescent Trail."

Because of structural problems with a bridge in Montgomery County, the last train on the line ran in June, 1985.[5] At that time, the only customers were the General Services Administration (GSA) heating plant at 29th and K streets and a small building supply company in Bethesda. Three months later, Chessie indicated that they would ask the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) for permission to abandon the line. Chessie claimed they were losing money on the line and that it detracted from the scenery around the Washington Harbor Condominiums, of which Chessie was a part owner. Local governments and the National Park Service began trying to acquire the land for a trail and transit corridor as early as 1985,[6] when the Interstate Commerce Commission informed them that the National Trails System Act of 1968 could not be used to force Chessie to turn the land over.[7][8] Problems with the line were exacerbated after the Potomac River flood in November undermined about 75 feet of roadbed near Fletcher's Boathouse. Before the abandonment, Chessie made plans to sell the section in the Palisades to a developer, and offered to sell it for $15 million.[9] Chessie, by then part of the CSX Corporation, asked for permission to abandon the line in April 1986.[10][5] The abandonment was completed in April 1988 and most of the track removed by the mid 1990s.[11]

Advocates for turning the railroad into a trail, including the Greater Bethesda-Chevy Chase Coalition and the newly formed Coalition for the Capital Crescent Trail began to lobby local and federal officials to do so, putting together a Concept Plan in 1988.[10] Despite opposition from neighbors and those who wanted the right-of-way for mass transit, an excursion train or other development, they were able to convince the Montgomery County Government, along with a coalition of developers and government agencies, to purchase the right-of-way from the D.C. line to Silver Spring. Montgomery County purchased the right-of-way on December 16, 1988, four days after the ICC approved the purchase and transfer, under the Trails System Act.[12][13][14] CSX sold the Maryland section of the line for $10.5 million.[15] The following year, the County voted to build a trolley and bike trail along the Bethesda-Silver Spring section of the right-of-way.[16][17]

In December 1988, Kingdon Gould, Jr., purchased an option to buy the railroad right-of-way after failing to buy it outright for the purpose of restarting the railroad. However, once Montgomery County made a deal to buy their section of the trail, Gould placed the 4.3 miles (6.9 km) section in the District of Columbia, between Georgetown and the D.C./Maryland boundary, into a trust until the National Park Service could purchase it outright for $10.5 million in 1990.[18][19] The DC section then became a component of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park.[13] In 1991, advocates John Dugger and Henri Bartholomot helped secure federal Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act funding to develop the Maryland portion of the trail.[13] The funding also paid for the DC portion and the rehabilitation of the Arizona Avenue Trestle.[20]

With the right-of-way and funding secured, work on the trail began in the early 1990s with four separate sections. Before any of the formal work began, volunteers built a wooden deck over the Arizona Avenue Railroad Bridge in 1990.[21] The groundbreaking for the trail was held on September 30, 1992, when Montgomery County leaders symbolically pried loose one of the railroad ties.[22] Work then began on the first section between Bethesda Avenue and Little Falls Parkway. That section, paid for by Montgomery County departments of transportation and parks, and businessmen John Ourisman and Tom Miller, was cleared by PEPCO in exchange for easement considerations elsewhere and to reimburse the community after residents complained about power-line work on nearby Arlington Road. It was the first section to open when the ribbon was cut on March 30, 1994.[23][24][25] Work on the portion in the District, from Dalecarlia Reservoir to Georgetown, except for the Arizona Avenue Trestle, started in 1993, finished in late 1994 and was performed by the National Park Service.[26][24][23] That same year, Montgomery County, with financial assistance from Maryland and the federal government and planning from the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, built the section from Little Falls Parkway to MacArthur Boulevard. Removal of the tracks was done in the spring, paving in the summer and the section was completed by the end of the year.[23] In late 1994/early 1995, Arlington County built the section of the trail near Dalecarlia Reservoir from MacArthur to the District line, because they were doing unrelated work on pipelines in the area.[24] In late 1995, the concrete deck of the Arizona Avenue trestle was poured, replacing the wooden deck built 5 years earlier.[27] In June 1996 the Arizona Avenue Trestle was opened and in November the trail bridge over River Road followed.[28] The last piece of the trail to be completed, the Dalecarlia Bridge includes a component of a bridge which formerly took the Georgetown Branch over the Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway and it was designed to go over a road connecting two parts of the Washington Aqueduct reservation. Although most track removal was completed a few years earlier, the first three miles of the line from Silver Spring to Bethesda remained tracked until 1996, the rails not being removed until the summer of that year and in December of that year, dedication ceremonies formally opened the River Road Bridge, the Dalecarlia Bridge and the full Capital Crescent trail.[29][30]

An unpaved trail connection to Norton Street, NW and a staircase connection to Potomac Avenue, NW were built after 1997 and before 2003.[31] A plaza along River Road, named for Neal Potter, was opened on November 3, 2018.[32][33] The plaza was first envisioned by architecture students at The Catholic University of America in 2006 and 2007.[33] Their professor, Iris Miller, called the plaza, which features benches, stone sitting walls, a curving pathway, a red metal pergola, bike racks, a repair station, a display with trail information, and a plaque to honor Potter, "a tribute to persistence."[33]

A second, 1,300-square-foot public plaza near Bethesda and Woodmont avenues, Ourisman Plaza, was constructed in 2019 as part of an agreement with an adjacent car dealership that had built a garage that encroached on the trail.[34] As part of the deal, they also agreed to move their driveway farther from the trail's Bethesda Avenue entrance, to install decorative screening around the expanded garage to create a more appealing facade facing the trail, and to widen about a quarter-mile section of the trail about two feet to 16 feet.[35]

The section from Bethesda to Silver Spring, meanwhile, was delayed due to continued debate over the proposed trolley.[36] It later opened as the Georgetown Branch Interim Trail. That section will be constructed as part of the ongoing work on the Purple Line.

Georgetown Branch Interim Trail

The section of the right-of-way from Bethesda to Silver Spring opened later than the section from Bethesda to Georgetown did, primarily because of a debate over what to do with it and a series of lawsuits. A year after the right-of-way was purchased, Gov. William Donald Schaefer (D) offered $70 million to build a trolley line on it and later a combined transit/trail corridor was added to the county's master plan. This led to several contentious battles between those who supported transit and those who did not, with those who supported a trail left in the middle. There were also lawsuits over the ownership of the line with adjacent homeowners, the Chevy Chase Land Co. and Columbia Country Club all suing the county. The county won all the suits and pursued construction of an interim trail while transit options were considered.[37][38][3][39][40]

On May 17, 1997, the Georgetown Branch Interim Trail, from the east side of the Air Rights Tunnel in Bethesda to Stewart Avenue in Silver Spring opened.[41] On August 15, 1998, the Air Rights Tunnel in Bethesda (built in 1910) was opened to trail traffic, connecting the interim and permanent sections.[42] In June 2000, Montgomery County committed $1.3 million to repair the Rock Creek Trestle, which had been damaged by arson and fire, most notably in 1967, and open it for trail use.[43] The trestle was dedicated for trail use on May 31, 2003.[44]

Montgomery County began studying transit options for the corridor as early as 1986 and continued to study, litigate and debate it, until work began in 2017.[45] A trolley between Bethesda and Silver Spring went through several iterations including the Georgetown Branch Light Rail Transit, the Inner Purple Line, the Bi-County Transitway and finally the Purple Line - a light rail train from Bethesda to New Carrollton, MD. Each iteration included plans to pave a parallel extension of the trail between Bethesda and Silver Spring and using the existing Air Rights Tunnel.[46][47] However, in 2011 MTA announced that the cost of building the extended trail would be $103 million, much more than the previously estimated $65 million. Half of the cost would result from widening the Air Rights Tunnel to include the trail with the train.[48] Instead, the county made plans for a 2nd trail tunnel, parallel to the transit tunnel, built, in part, under a new Air Rights building.[49]

The Arizona Avenue Railway Bridge, located in The Palisades neighborhood of Washington, D.C., crosses the C&O Canal and is now part of the Capital Crescent Trail.

On September 5, 2017, the Georgetown Branch was officially closed so that work could begin on the Purple Line light rail. In conjunction with the Purple Line project, construction crews are extending the Capital Crescent Trail as a paved 12 foot wide off-road shared use path from Bethesda to Silver Spring.[50] The Purple Line project, which was to be completed in 2022 when the trail was closed, has experienced many delays and as of 2019 was to be completed in 2023; but after a contract dispute led to the project managers walking off the job, the state took over and claimed it could delay completion for years. The trail could be opened before the trains run, but a tunnel through Bethesda will not be completed until 2026.[51][52][53]

Description

The currently closed section of the trail started at Lyttonsville Junction, about one mile (1.6 km) west of downtown Silver Spring. It went west on an unpaved, crushed stone surface passing over Rock Creek on a trestle to Chevy Chase and then to Bethesda through the 800-foot-long Air Rights Tunnel. It was closed in September 2017 for construction of the Purple Line and the extension of the trail to Silver Spring. It will reopen around 2022 as a paved trail from Bethesda to Silver Spring.

The currently paved portion of the trail begins in downtown Bethesda, where the trail begins to turn south. It follows the Little Falls Branch to the Potomac River and the District line. It goes over the River Road Bridge and past the site of Fort Sumner, a Civil War-era fort. It then moves through the Dalecarlia area, traveling under the Washington Aqueduct conduit at the Dalecarlia Tunnel, past the Dalecarlia Reservoir and through the grounds of the Dalecarlia Treatment Plant over the Dalecarlia Bridge.

Crossing into Washington, DC, it then turns southeast, dropping down from the Palisades neighborhood over the C&O Canal on the Arizona Avenue Railway Bridge, and down to the banks of the Potomac. It then runs between the Potomac and the C&O Canal, past Fletcher's Boathouse and the Foundry Branch Tunnel, into Georgetown to its terminus at the west end of Water Street NW.

See also

References
  1. Kraut, Aaron (4 September 2015). "New Numbers Show How Many People Are Using the Capital Crescent Trail". Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  2. PPS.org Archived May 2, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  3. "CHEVY CHASE LAND CO. v. U.S." Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  4. Bethesda : Central Business District Sector Plan. July 1975.
  5. Eisen, Jack (1 April 1986). "End of the Line". The Washington Post.
  6. "County Council Actions - Railroad Property". The Washington Post. 21 November 1985.
  7. Mariano, Ann (26 October 1985). "Developers, Agencies Eye Rail Right of Way". The Washington Post.
  8. Mariano, Ann (19 July 1986). "Montgomery Asks ICC for Rail Land". The Washington Post.
  9. Mariano, Ann (9 December 1985). "Chessie Demands $15 Million From Park Unit for Tract". The Washington Post.
  10. "Concept Plan for the Capital Crescent Trail" (PDF). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  11. Levy, Claudia (8 April 1988). "Gould Firm Seeks to Buy Rail Line". The Washington Post.
  12. Wagner, Arlo (17 October 1990). "Train buffs steam while hikers and bikers smile". The Washington Times.
  13. Kraut, Aaron (2014-09-15). "Supporters Honor Capital Crescent Trail Visionary". bethesdanow.com. Local News Now LLC. Retrieved 2014-09-15.
  14. Armao, Jo-Ann (December 9, 1988). "Rail Spur Purchase 'Priceless'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  15. Armao, Jo-Ann (9 December 1988). "Rail Spur Purchase 'Priceless'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  16. Levy, Claudia (18 November 1989). "Montgomery Trolley Gets Green Light; County Council Set To Approve Rail Line". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  17. "A 'Greenway' From Georgetown to Silver Spring; Who will get 'Chessie's orphan'?". The Washington Post. 24 April 1988. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  18. "Funds Approved for Old CSX Land". The Washington Post. 1 November 1990.
  19. Mariano, Ann (15 July 1989). "Georgetown Trail Proposal on Track". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  20. Mitchel, Maurine (1 November 1990). "Funds Approved for Old CSX Land". The Washington Post.
  21. Durkin, Pat (2 August 1990). "Trestle Closing Sidetracks Trail Plan". The Washington Post.
  22. Hill, Retha (1 October 1992). "Work to Start On Trail for Bikes, Hikes". The Washington Post.
  23. Aguilar, Louis (19 May 1994). "Paving a Path of Joy for Bicyclists, Joggers". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  24. Shaffer, Ron (26 January 1995). "On the Trail Of a Solution". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  25. Neufeld, Matt (31 March 1994). "First part of trail opens in Bethesda". The Washington Times.
  26. Hodge, Paul (14 January 1993). "Paving Way for Hikers and Bikers". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  27. "Progress on Crescent Trail". The Washington Post. 30 September 1995. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  28. Malik, Asmaa (14 November 1996). "Trail Spans Perilous River Road". The Washington Post.
  29. Aquilar, Loui s (19 May 1994). "Paving a Path of Joy For Bicyclists, Joggers; Part of Capital Crescent Trail Linking Bethesda, District Is Scheduled to Open Within Months". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  30. "Coalition for the Capital Crescent Trail Milestones: 1 996-2001" (PDF). Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  31. "Recreation and Parks Plans Upgrade of Bike, Hiking Trails". The Washington Post. 2 October 1997.
  32. "Opening and Dedication of the Neal Potter Plaza at the Capital Crescent Trail". Bethesda Magazine. 3 November 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  33. Bahr, Katie. "Student-Designed Park Dedicated". Catholic U. The Catholic University of America (Spring 2019): 12.
  34. "Ourisman Plaza has been created at Bethesda Ave next to the Trail". Coalition for the Capital Crescent Trail. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  35. Peetz, Caitlynn (7 May 2019). "Section of Capital Crescent Trail To Be Closed for Two Months in Bethesda". Bethesda Magazine. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  36. Aquilar, Louis (15 December 1994). "Council to Review Plan for Completing Crescent Trail". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  37. Gnatt, Brian (10 March 1999). "Residents lose decade-long land battle". Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  38. "Read v. Montgomery County". Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  39. "MONTGOMERY COUNTY v. BHATT". Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  40. "County wins ruling in land dispute over right-of-way of trail, trolley". Gazette. 2 April 1997. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  41. Saffir, Barbara (1997-05-15). "Saturday Debut for Bethesda-Silver Spring Trail Link". The Washington Post. p. M04. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  42. Walton, Marcus (1998-08-16). "Bethesda Tunnel Opens for Trail Business". The Washington Post.
  43. Patner, Myra Mensh (24 May 2000). "Rock Creek trestle could be ready by 2002". Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  44. Wayne Phyillaier (May 14, 2004). "The Rock Creek Trestle". silverspringtrails.org. Archived from the original on 2006-09-09. Retrieved 2006-11-20.
  45. Sanders, Harry L. (20 July 1986). "Light Rail for Bethesda". The Washington Post.
  46. Shaver, Katherine (16 July 2010). "Purple Line trail project would cost at least $40 million more than planned". Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  47. Shaver, Katherine (27 November 2008). "Purple Line Follows Path of Discord". Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  48. Shaver, Katherine (27 October 2011). "Capital Crescent Trail's costs along future Purple Line rise". Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  49. Cranor, David (13 February 2017). "Apex Building replacement will create (part of) a new tunnel for the Capital Crescent Trail with a bike parking and maintenance space". Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  50. Olivio, Antonio (5 September 2017). "Closure of popular trail for Purple Line sparks community anger and nostalgia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  51. Schere, Dan (27 July 2019). "Newly Built Capital Crescent Trail Could Open Before Trains Run". Bethesda Magazine. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  52. Shaver, Katherine (1 May 2020). "Montgomery County Council funds $54.9 million trail tunnel in downtown Bethesda". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  53. Grablick, Colleen (10 October 2020). "Maryland Takes Over Hundreds Of Purple Line Contracts After Public-Private Partnership Fallout". DCist. Retrieved 15 October 2020.

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