Cape Henlopen State Park

Cape Henlopen State Park is a Delaware state park on 5,193 acres (2,102 ha) on Cape Henlopen in Sussex County, Delaware, in the United States. William Penn made the beaches of Cape Henlopen one of the first public lands established in what has become the United States in 1682 with the declaration that Cape Henlopen would be for "the usage of the citizens of Lewes and Sussex County." Cape Henlopen State Park has a 24-hour and year-round fishing pier as well as campgrounds. The remainder of the park is only open from sunrise to sunset, and includes a bathhouse on the Atlantic Ocean, an area for surf-fishing, a disc golf course, and bicycle and walking paths. The beach at Herring Point is a popular surfing spot. The park is a stop on Delaware's Coastal Heritage Greenway.

Cape Henlopen State Park
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)[1]
Looking north from Herring Point at Cape Henlopen State Park
Location of Cape Henlopen State Park in Delaware
LocationSussex, Delaware, United States
Coordinates38°46′00″N 75°05′45″W
Area5,193 acres (21.02 km2)
Established1964
Named forCape Henlopen
Governing bodyDelaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
WebsiteCape Henlopen State Park

As with all Delaware state beaches, entrance is free during the off-season but costs $5 daily or $35 annually for Delaware-tagged vehicles and $10 daily or $70 annually for out of state vehicles from March 1 to November 30. Surf fishing season passes may be purchased at a cost of $80 per in-state vehicle and $160 per out-of-state vehicle. There are lower rates for the military, those getting social services and senior citizens. These passes provide access to all state beaches and parks in Delaware.[2][3]

History
Cape Henlopen seen from The Point parking lot
Gun batteries at Fort Miles circa 1973
Restored World War II observation tower.

Cape Henlopen, on Delaware Bay, has long been a public use area although it did not officially become a Delaware state park until 1964. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania and early leader of Delaware, decreed that Cape Henlopen and its natural resources be set aside for the use and enjoyment of the citizens of the Delaware Colony. Penn's decree established Cape Henlopen as one of the first public use parcels of land in the Thirteen Colonies.

The cape was an important strategic location for the U.S. Navy and Army during the American Revolution, War of 1812, Civil War, World War I, and World War II. Cape Henlopen Light, the sixth lighthouse built on the Atlantic Coast, was constructed from 1767-1769. This lighthouse was in operation until 1924 when it was abandoned after it was extensively damaged in 1920 by a storm. The lighthouse now rests at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, after falling into the water on April 13, 1926.[4]

A small gun platform was built by 1918 near the present site of Point Comfort parking lot. It was abandoned and removed prior to construction of Fort Miles.[5]

The view of and from Gordon Pond Trail

During World War II, the U.S. Army built Fort Miles at Cape Henlopen. Numerous bunkers, concrete observation towers and the pier built to accommodate the laying of mines on the harbor floor remain today. Within the park grounds are a handful of fire control towers from that era, as well as underground gun batteries (bunkers) which were to be used in conjunction with the towers against the eventuality of air attack.[6] Off the coast on the bay side are two lighthouses: the Harbor of Refuge Light and the Delaware Breakwater East End Light.[7]

Wildlife
Gordon's Pond Beach
Area in Cape Henlopen State Park where endangered birds nest.

Cape Henlopen State Park is home to a vast array of wildlife, notably several species of shorebird. The black skimmer, least tern, and piping plover are all endangered species that are abundant within the park. Horseshoe crabs are also very common, especially in the Delaware Bay.

Recreation

The beach at Cape Henlopen State Park is open year-round. There are two beaches that are open to swimming at the park with lifeguard patrols between the Memorial and Labor Day weekends.[7] A modern bath house with showers, changing rooms and a snack bar is located at the northern beach. North Shore Beach, the southern beach at Cape Henlopen State Park, is a popular beach among lesbian women.[8]

Cape Henlopen State Park has two facilities that are rented out for large group gatherings, a pavilion for picnics and the "Officer's Club" a remnant of the Fort Miles days. The 18 hole disc golf course and basketball courts are open year-round. Hunting is permitted during Delaware's designated hunting seasons in some parts of the park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Cape Henlopen State Park is a popular fishing destination. Anglers may fish from the beach or from the fishing pier on Delaware Bay. A concessionaire operates the Cape Henlopen Fishing Center, a bait and tackle shop at the pier. It is open seven days a week May 15 - October 1.[9] Visitors to the park may drive onto the beach for surf fishing after receiving a permit from the park authorities. Access over the dunes is open to pedestrians at all times.

The pine covered dunes of Cape Henlopen State Park are open to camping in some areas with over 150 campsite available. Most sites have running water. They are available from family camping March 1 - November 30. Reservations are required. A primitive campground is available for use by youth groups.

There are a variety of marked nature and hiking trails at the park, ranging from a beach to pine forests. Bicycles are another popular way to explore the park, and rentals are available during part of the year.

Cape Henlopen State Park is the eastern terminus of the American Discovery Trail, which is the only transcontinental trail in the United States.[10]

Seaside Nature Center
Cape Henlopen lighthouse

The park's Seaside Nature Center features marine aquariums and natural history exhibits about the park. Environmental education programs are offered year-round. The nature center also contains an auditorium and a gift shop.

Programs offered include hayrides, guided nature walks and hikes, birding trips, preschool programs, school programs and children's vacation workshops.

Nearby state parks

The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Cape Henlopen State Park:

See also

References
  1. "Cape Henlopen State Park". Protected Planet. IUCN. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  2. "Delaware State Park Annual Pass". Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  3. "Delaware State Parks Surf Fishing Pass". Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  4. "The Nation's First Public Lands". Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Archived from the original on 2017-03-03. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  5. Images of America: Fort Miles, Dr. G. Wray and L. Jennings, Arcadia Publishing, 2005
  6. "Fort Miles Historical Area". Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Archived from the original on 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  7. "Cape Henlopen State Park". Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Archived from the original on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  8. Wurman, Richard Saul (2007). Access Washington, D.C., Tenth Edition. HarperCollins. p. 223. ISBN 9780061230806. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  9. "Cape Henlopen Fishing Center". Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Archived from the original on 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  10. "American Discovery Trail website". Retrieved October 21, 2010.
Preceded by
Northernmost point		 Beaches of Delmarva Succeeded by
North Shores
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