Calicium

Calicium is a genus of leprose lichen lichens.[1]:234 It is in the family Caliciaceae.

Not to be confused with Calcium.

Calicium
Calicium viride
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Caliciaceae
Genus: Calicium
Pers. (1794)
Type species
Calicium viride
Pers. (1974)

The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having the appearance of a dressmaker's pin (called a mazaedium), hence the common name pin lichen.[1]:15 They are also commonly called stubble lichens.[1]:234

They have been used as indicator species for old growth redwood forests.[1]:234

Evolutionary history

The discovery of a Calicium-like fossil in Baltic amber dating back 55–35 myr indicates that the main distinguishing characteristics of this genus have persisted for at least tens of millions of years.[2] A fossil-calibrated phylogeny that includes this fossil suggests that the family Caliciaceae diversified from its most recent common ancestor 103–156 Myr ago in the early Cretaceous.[3]

Species

As of December 2020, Species Fungorum accepts 36 species in Calicium:[4]

  • Calicium abietinum Pers. (1797)
  • Calicium adspersum Pers. (1798)
  • Calicium atronitescens F.Wilson (1891)
  • Calicium carolinianum (Tuck.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
  • Calicium chlorosporum F.Wilson (1891)
  • Calicium contortum F.Wilson (1889)
  • Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. (1803)
  • Calicium diploellum Nyl. (1868)
  • Calicium glaucellum Ach. (1803)
  • Calicium glebosum Müll.Arg. (1887)
  • Calicium hyperelloides Nyl. (1860)
  • Calicium indicum Tibell (2006)
  • Calicium laevigatum Tibell (2006)
  • Calicium lecideinum (Nyl.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
  • Calicium lenticulare Ach. (1816)
  • Calicium lucidum (Th.Fr.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
  • Calicium lutescens Tibell (2001)
  • Calicium martinii Js.Murray (1960)
  • Calicium muriformis Tibell (2003)
  • Calicium nobile Tibell (2006)
  • Calicium notarisii (Tul.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
  • Calicium parvum Tibell (1975)
  • Calicium pinicola (Tibell) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
  • Calicium pleuriseptatum Tibell & Frisch (2010)
  • Calicium pyriforme Tibell (2006)
  • Calicium quercinum Pers. (1797)
  • Calicium robustellum Nyl. (1861)
  • Calicium salicinum Pers. (1794)
  • Calicium sequoiae C.B.Williams & Tibell (2008)
  • Calicium tenuisporum Tibell (2006)
  • Calicium trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. (1810)
  • Calicium trachylioides (Nyl. ex Branth & Rostr.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
  • Calicium tricolor F.Wilson (1889)
  • Calicium verrucosum Tibell (2006)
  • Calicium victorianum (F.Wilson) Tibell (1987)
  • Calicium viride Pers. (1794)

References
  1. Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
  2. Rikkinen, Jouko (2003). "Calicioid lichens from European Tertiary amber". Mycologia. 95 (6): 1032–1036. doi:10.1080/15572536.2004.11833019. PMID 21149012.
  3. Prieto, Maria; Wedin, Mats (2016). "Phylogeny, taxonomy and diversification events in the Caliciaceae". Fungal Diversity. 82 (1): 221–238. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0372-y.
  4. Species Fungorum. "Calicium". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 17 December 2020.


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