Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations

Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Bulgaria (both Kingdom of Bulgaria 1908-1946 and the People's Republic of Bulgaria 1946–1990) and now broken up Yugoslavia (Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918-1941 and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1945–1992). Despite some substantial unification proposals in the aftermath of the World War II, Bulgarians were the only South Slavic nation which did not joint the Yugoslav (lit. 'South Slavic') federation.

Kingdom of Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations

Bulgaria
Yugoslavia
Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations

Bulgaria
Yugoslavia
Bulgaria and Yugoslavia 1956–1990

History

Interwar period

While there were close ethnic, historic, linguistic and religious links between population of Yugoslavia and Bulgaria two states found themselves on the opposing sides in the period after the end of World War I.[1] After the creation of Yugoslavia the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a status quo state which sought to consolidate success of the South Slavic unification movement while Bulgaria was revisionist state whose leaders believed that their country had a right to some parts of Yugoslava - particularly Vardar Banovina.[1] Similarly to the situation with Kingdom of Serbia in the Second Balkan War, Yugoslavia joined forces with Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Romania and Turkey in establishing the Balkan Pact aimed at maintaining the geopolitical status quo and presenting a united front against Bulgarian designs on their territories.

World War II

During the World War II in Yugoslavia Bulgaria was an ally of the Nazi Germany while Bulgarian military occupied parts of Yugoslavia which Bulgarian irredentism claimed on the basis of the 1878 Treaty of San Stefano.

Cold War period
Official Yugoslav delegation led by President Josip Broz Tito return from Bulgaria (Dimitrovgrad, 1965)

After the interwar kingdom was only partially successful in creation of Yugoslav nation, post-war communist authorities dismissed the idea in an effort to create federal state which will enable national emancipation of all ethnic groups. The new socialist federation enabled creation of 6 constituent republics one of which was the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. In that period Bulgarian state itself promoted identity of ethnic Macedonians in Bulgaria. Yugoslavia and Bulgaria developed close cooperation with an idea of creation of the Greater Yugoslavia and ultimately the Balkan Federation. The first formal step in that direction was made by the signing of the Bled Agreement on August 1, 1947.[2] The initiative, however, was terminated by Joseph Stalin who perceived it as a threat to his authority.[2]

Relations after 1948 Tito-Stalin split

While the Bulgarian Communist Party needed Soviet support to gain the power in the country, Communist Party of Yugoslavia was in a position to independently establish effective control over the country already in 1945. This led new Yugoslav authorities to expect the status of an ally instead of a satellite state within the Eastern Bloc. Situation escalated in 1948 Tito–Stalin split after which Yugoslav relations with all Eastern Bloc countries, including Bulgaria, were either suspended or significantly strained. Yugoslavia then reoriented its policy towards the close cooperation with Non-Aligned countries.

At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of 1980s popular culture from Yugoslavia, and particularly from the Socialist Republic of Serbia served Bulgarian citizens as an window to the West through which entertainers and other cultural content entered the country.[2]

See also

References
  1. Sheperd, David (1968). Relations between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, 1918-1941 (Master Thesis). Durham University. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  2. Igor Novaković (2013). Bulgarians in Serbia and Serbian-Bulgarian Relations in the Light of Serbia’s European Integration (PDF) (Report). Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
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