Buick Electra
The Buick Electra is a full-size luxury car manufactured and marketed by Buick from 1959 to 1990 over six generations — having been named after heiress and sculptor Electra Waggoner Biggs by her brother-in-law Harlow H. Curtice, former president of Buick and later president of General Motors.[1] The Electra was offered in coupe, convertible, sedan, and station wagon body styles over the course of its production — with rear-wheel drive (1959-1984) or front-wheel drive (1985-1990, except station wagon). For its entire production run, it utilized some form of GM's C platform. The Electra was superseded by the Buick Park Avenue in 1991.
| Buick Electra | |
|---|---|
.jpg.webp) 1970 Electra 225 sedan | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | General Motors |
| Also called | Buick Electra 225 |
| Production | 1959-1990 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Full-size luxury car |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Buick Roadmaster Buick Super |
| Successor | Sedan - Buick Park Avenue Wagon - Buick Roadmaster (1991-1996) |
1959–1960
| First generation | |
|---|---|
 1960 Buick Electra 225 Convertible | |
| Overview | |
| Model years | 1959–1960 |
| Assembly | Buick City, Flint, Michigan, United States South Gate, California, United States Wilmington, Delaware, United States Doraville, Georgia, United States Kansas City, Kansas, United States Framingham, Massachusetts, United States Linden, New Jersey, United States Arlington, Texas, United States |
| Designer | Bill Mitchell |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door 4-window hardtop 4-door 6-window sedan Electra only: 2-door hardtop Electra 225 only: 2-door convertible 4-door 6-window Riviera hardtop 5-door 5-window ambulance trinity coach |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | C-body |
| Related | Cadillac Eldorado Cadillac Sixty Special Cadillac De Ville Cadillac Series 62 Oldsmobile 98 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 401 cu in (6.6 L) Nailhead V8 |
| Transmission | 2-speed Dynaflow automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 126.3 in (3,208 mm) |
| Length | 1959: Electra 225: 225.4 in (5,725 mm) Electra: 220.9 in (5,611 mm) 1960: Electra 225: 225.9 in (5,738 mm) Electra: 221.2 in (5,618 mm) |
| Width | 80.7 in (2,050 mm)[2] |
| Height | 55.9" |
| Curb weight | 4,700–4,900 lb (2,100–2,200 kg) |
For years, the Super and the Roadmaster constituted the upper echelon of Buick's lineup. The Limited, even more luxurious than the Roadmaster, returned for 1958. For 1959, the Super was renamed the Electra, the Roadmaster was renamed the Electra 225, and the unsuccessful Limited model was discontinued. The appearance was shared with two other Buick models, the mid-level Invicta and the entry level LeSabre. The Electra 225 nameplate was a nod to the latter car's overall length of over 225 in (5,715 mm), earning it the street name "deuce and a quarter."[3]
The Electra 225 Riviera was the top-line model and it shared its six window hardtop roofline exclusively with Cadillac (which offered it on all of its models). Buick first applied the "Riviera" name to a premium trimmed 2-door Roadmaster hardtop in the middle of the 1949 model year, and thereafter denoted all Buick hardtops Rivieras. Also, from 1950 through 1953, Buick made a premium trimmed, stretched wheelbase sedan, exclusively in the Roadmaster and Super lines, that was called Riviera. But 1959 was the first year that not all Buick hardtops were called Rivieras. A standard 4-window four-door hardtop was also available, as was a 4-door 6-window pillared sedan, along with a stripped chassis of which 144 were built in 1959 and 1960.[4] The two-door convertible was only available as an Electra 225, and the 2-door hardtop as an Electra.
For 1959, the Electra and Electra 225 both used the General Motors C-body shared with the Oldsmobile 98 and all Cadillac, riding on a longer 126.3-inch (3,210 mm) wheelbase than the B-body LeSabre and Invicta, both of which rode on 123 inches (3,100 mm). The standard and only available engine was the 401 cubic-inch Wildcat V8 with four-barrel carburetor, 10.25 to 1 compression ratio and 325 horsepower (242 kW) mated to a two-speed Dynaflow automatic transmission, which was also standard equipment along with power steering and power brakes using Buick's unique 12-inch (300 mm) finned aluminum brake drums. Power windows and seat and leather interiors were standard on the Electra 225 convertible and optional on all other models. Front bucket seats were optional on the convertible. Electra interiors were trimmed in nylon Mojave cloth or broadcloth combinations with Cordaveen. Electra 225 convertibles were trimmed in leather. Standard Electra features included horizontal Red-line speedometer, two-speed electric windshield wipers, trip mileage indicator, cigar lighter, dual sunshades, Step-On parking brake, dual horns, Twin-Turbine automatic transmission, Foamtex seat cushions, electric clock, trunk light, glovebox light, power steering, power brakes, full wheelcovers and dual exhaust. In addition Electra 225s had Super Deluxe wheelcovers and an outside rearview mirror as standard equipment. Padded dashboards were also standard.[2] The Electra, along with all other 1959 Buicks, featured all new styling not shared with other GM divisions that included slanted headlights in front along with a highly chromed square grille somewhat similar to the 1958 Buick and "Delta-Fins" back along with round taillights. The "slanted" headlights were also shared with the 1958-60 Lincoln Continental. Exterior distinction from other Buicks came from extra-wide moldings, with a massive Electra emblem on the front fender extension. The Electra 225 script was found on the front fenders ahead of the wheelhouse. The 4-door models had a lower bright rear fender molding as well.
The 1960 Electra and Electra 225 received a minor facelift with a concave grille and horizontal headlights centered by Buick's then-new "Trishield" logo, which is still in use today. Reintroduced to Electras and other Buicks for 1960 were the chrome VentiPorts first introduced in 1949 and last seen in 1957. Electra and Electra 225 models featured four VentiPorts on each front fender while lesser LeSabre and Invicta models had three VentiPorts. Electras featured wider rocker panel bright moldings and the Electra script on the front fenders ahead of the wheelhouse. Electra 225s featured a badge that was circled on the deck lid. The Electra 225 name was found on the front fenders in place of the Electra name.
Inside, a revised instrument panel featured "Mirromatic", where the speedometer, odometer and any warning light indicators are reflected from an adjustable tilt mirror inside the dashboard for comfortable viewing that would reduce unwanted glare and reflection. A new two-spoke steering wheel with horn bars was introduced, replacing the time honored horn ring then still common to most automobiles. Brisbane cloth interiors graced closed models while the convertible was trimmed in leather. Convertibles also had a two way power seat adjuster and power windows standard. The bucket seat option introduced on Electra 225 convertibles in 1959 was now available on Electra coupes and included a center consolette with storage compartment. Standard Electra features included windshield wipers, trip mileage indicator, cigar lighter, dual sunshades, Step-On parking brake, dual horns, a single-key locking system, Twin-Turbine automatic transmission, Foamtex seat cushions, electric clock, trunk light, license plate frames, glovebox light, power steering and power brakes. In addition Electra 225s had back-up lights, a Glare-proof rear view mirror, parking brake signal light, safety buzzer, map light and Super Deluxe wheelcovers as standard equipment.
1961–1964
| Second generation | |
|---|---|
 1961 Buick Electra 225 Riviera Sedan | |
| Overview | |
| Model years | 1961–1964 |
| Assembly | Buick City, Flint, Michigan, United States Wilmington, Delaware, United States South Gate, California, United States Doraville, Georgia, United States Kansas City, Kansas, United States Framingham, Massachusetts, United States Linden, New Jersey, United States Arlington, Texas, United States |
| Designer | Bill Mitchell |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style |
|
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | C-body |
| Related | Cadillac Eldorado Cadillac Sixty Special Cadillac De Ville Cadillac Series 62 Oldsmobile 98 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 401 cu in (6.6 L) Nailhead V8 |
| Transmission | 2-speed Dynaflow automatic 3-speed TH-400 automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 126.0 in (3,200 mm) |
| Length | 1961: 219.2 in (5,568 mm) 1962: 220.1 in (5,591 mm)[5] 1963: 221.7 in (5,631 mm) 1964: 222.8 in (5,659 mm) |
| Width | 1961–62: 77.9 in (1,979 mm) 1963–64: 78.0 in (1,981 mm) |
| Height | 1961: 57.0 in (1,448 mm) 1962–64: 57.5 in (1,460 mm) |
| Curb weight | 4,300–4,600 lb (1,950–2,087 kg) |
The Electra, along with the Invicta and LeSabre, was redesigned for 1961 with drastically shrunken fins, and was joined with the all-new compact sized Skylark/Special. Electras featured bright rocker panel and wheelhouse moldings. Four VentiPorts per front fender were a hallmark, with identification spelled out on the front fender plaques. Electra 225s had four "hash marks" interrupting behind the wheelhouse of the rear fender. Electra 225 nameplates were found on the front fenders. Electra interiors were trimmed in fabric. Electra 225s were trimmed in Calais cloth or leather trim, except for convertibles which were trimmed in vinyl. An optional Custom interior featured leather trim, while another featured vinyl with contrasting vertical stripes and front bucket seats with a storage consolex and power two-way seat adjustment. Standard equipment on the Electra included Turbine-Drive automatic transmission, "Mirromatic" instrument panel, directional signals, full-flow oil filter, electric windshield wipers, Deluxe steering wheel, trip mileage indicator, cigar lighter, Step-On brake, dual armrests, cloth and vinyl trim, combinations, carpeting, power steering, power brakes, two-speed windshield wiper/washer system, glovebox light, Custom-padded seat cushions and Deluxe wheelcovers. Two-tone Electras had the color accent on the rear cove. In addition Electra 225s had back-up lights, Glare-proof rearview mirror, parking lights, signal light, safety buzzer, courtesy lights, two-way power seat, Super Deluxe wheelcovers with gold accents and power windows. The Electra and Electra 225 were the same length in 1961. Buick discontinued the Electra nameplate at the end of the 1961 model year, leaving only the Electra 225 starting in 1962.
The big Buick of 1962 carried four VentiPorts per front fender and featured a rakish sculptured restyle of its 1961 guise. The hardtop coupe and standard hardtop sedan featured a convertible inspired semi-formal roofline, while the Riviera hardtop sedan continued to use six-window pillarless configuration. Electra 225 rear fenders had a group of vertical hashmarks, with Electra 225 spelled out in block letters just above. A full length bright strip crowned the upper body ridge, while the tower rocker molding and wheelhouses were accented with bright trim. Wheelcovers had a gold accent ring. Interiors were of the finest cloth and, on the convertible, leather was used. Standard features included directional signals, full-flow oil filter, dual speed electric windshield washer/wipers, Deluxe steering wheel, cigar lighter, Step-on parking brake, dual armrests, Turbine-Drive transmission, padded dashboard, heater, defroster, glovebox light, back-up lights, power steering, Glare-proof rearview mirror, power brakes, power brake signal light, safety buzzer, courtesy lights, two-way power seats, power windows, Super Deluxe wheelcovers, Safety option group, custom padded cushions, Accessory Group options and custom moldings.
Buick's largest, plushest and most expensive models were restyled for 1963, with distinctive rear fenders culminating in a sharp vertical edge housing narrow back-up lights. The taillights were horizontally placed in the vertical deck cove. A unique cast grille was used at the front. Bright wheelhouse and lower body moldings, with ribbed rear fender panels were used. Red-filled Electra 225 badges were found on the rear fenders, while four VentiPorts lent status to the front fenders. Interiors were cloth and vinyl combinations, while a Custom interior in vinyl and leather, with front bucket seats and a storage console, was available for the convertible and sport coupe. Standard equipment included directional signals, full-flow oil filter, dual speed electric windshield wiper/washers, Deluxe steering wheel, cigar lighter, Step-On parking brake, dual armrests, Turbine-Drive automatic transmission, padded dashboard, heater, defroster, glovebox light, back-up lights, power steering, Glare-proof rearview mirror, power brakes, parking brake signal light, safety buzzer, courtesy lights, two-way power seats, power windows, Super Deluxe wheelcovers, Safety option group, custom padded cushions, Accessory Group options and custom moldings. Buick dropped the Riviera name as a body style designation after the 1963 model year, shifting the Riviera name exclusively to Buick's new personal luxury coupe that had been introduced in 1963. Buick added a 7-way tilt steering wheel and a new cruise control as an option.[6][7]
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The large General Motors C-body was used to create the 1964 Electra 225, Buick's richest full-size car. Vertical, narrow taillamps were found in the nearly straight-cut rear fender ends, and the so-called "Deuce-and-a Quarter" came with fender skirts. Four traditional VentiPorts were found on the front fenders, with heavy die-cast grille accenting the frontal aspect. Wide front lower body moldings were used along with a bright deck cove insert. Electra 225 lettering was found on the rear fenders and specific full wheelcovers were featured. Vinyl and brocade cloth interior trims were found in closed models, while leather upholstery was offered for seats in the convertible. Among the Electra's exclusive standard equipment were power steering; power brakes; two-speed electric wipers with windshield washer; foam padded seats; electric clock; license frame; trunk light; two-way power seat and power windows for the convertible; safety buzzer; and additional courtesy lights. The two-speed Dynaflow automatic was replaced by the 3-speed TH-400 as standard equipment.
1965–1970
| Third generation | |
|---|---|
.jpg.webp) 1965 Electra 225 sedan | |
| Overview | |
| Model years | 1965–1970 |
| Assembly | Buick City, Flint, Michigan, United States Doraville, Georgia, United States South Gate, California, United States |
| Designer | Bill Mitchell |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door hardtop 4-door sedan 2-door hardtop 2-door convertible |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | C-body |
| Related | Cadillac Eldorado Cadillac De Ville Cadillac Calais Oldsmobile 98 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 401 cu in (6.6 L) Nailhead V8 425 cu in (7.0 L) Nailhead V8 430 cu in (7.0 L) Buick V8 455 cu in (7.5 L) Buick V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed TH-400 automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 1965–68: 126.0 in (3,200 mm) 1969–70: 127.0 in (3,226 mm) |
| Length | 1965: 224.1 in (5,692 mm)[8] 1966: 223.4 in (5,674 mm) 1967: 223.9 in (5,687 mm) 1968: 224.9 in (5,712 mm) 1969: 224.8 in (5,710 mm) 1970: 225.8 in (5,735 mm) |
| Width | 80.0 in (2,032 mm) |
| Height | 1965–66: 57.5 in (1,460 mm) 1967–68: 56.2 in (1,427 mm) 1969: 55.8 in (1,417 mm) 1970: 55.9 in (1,420 mm) |
All GM passenger vehicles received a major redesign in 1965 dominated by flowing "Coke bottle" lines and fastback roof profiles on its coupe models, and the 6 window-body style was eliminated. For 1965, Buick also changed its marketing strategy and offering the Electra 225 in two trim levels, base and Custom. Along with the new body came a new chassis with a full perimeter frame including side rails that replaced the previous "X" frame used since 1961. Engine offerings were unchanged from 1964 including the standard 325 hp (242 kW) 401 V8, and two versions of the larger 425 V8 that were rated at 340 hp (254 kW) with a four-barrel carburetor or 360 hp (268 kW) with two four barrels. The three-speed Super Turbine 400 automatic transmission was standard equipment. A new body style introduced for 1965 was the thin-pillar 4-door sedan, which featured frameless window glass with a thin, chrome fixed "B" pillar.
The 1966 Electra 225 saw only minor styling changes including a new grille and a revised full-width taillight and trunk lid that included an "Electra 225" script rather than the "BUICK" nameplate spelled out in 1965. Engine offerings were unchanged from 1965 with the exception that the dual-quad 360 hp (268 kW) 425 was downgraded from a factory option to dealer-installed. Inside, a revised instrument panel featured a horizontal sweep speedometer, fuel gauge and warning lights. Front seat headrests became an option.[9][10]
A moderate facelift highlighted the 1967 Electra 225 including a Pontiac/Oldsmobile-like divided split grille. Both base and Custom models were continued with a new "Limited" option package available Electra 225 Custom 4-door hardtop reviving a nameplate that graced Buick's ultra-luxury flagship in the late 1930s (and again in 1958), which included an ultra-luxurious interior trim. Under the hood a new 430 cubic-inch V8 rated at 360 hp (268 kW) with four-barrel carburetor replaced the previous "Nailhead" 401 and 425 V8s. Power front disc brakes were available as a new option along with a stereo 8-track tape player.
The 1968 Electra 225 received a revised grille and taillight trim along with concealed windshield wipers. Inside, there was a revised instrument panel with a square speedometer and other instruments, plus a new steering wheel. Shoulder seat-belts were standard for both the driver and front passenger.[11] Base and Custom models were still offered, with the Limited trim option available on the Electra 225 Custom hardtop sedan.
1969 brought a major restyling to the Electra 225 and other GM B-body and C-body cars with somewhat crisper bodylines than 1965–68 models, but continued with the same chassis and inner body structure introduced with the 1965 model, however the wheelbase was increased one inch to 127 in (3,226 mm). The 1969s were also the first to offer headrests as standard equipment due to a federal safety mandate, and the steering column with ignition switch that also locked the steering wheel with the transmission in "Park", a feature found on all 1969 GM cars one year before it became a federal safety mandate in 1970. Also new was a variable-ratio power steering system combined with revised front suspension tuning called "Accu-Drive." Other changes included ventless front windows. The same assortment of base and Custom models were offered in 1969 with the "Limited" trim package available on Custom sedans and coupes. A new option available with the Limited package was a split 60/40 bench seat with center armrest. Finned aluminum drum brakes were again offered as standard equipment, while the Bendix four-piston disk brake units were also available. 12" x 1" vented steel rotors were coupled with the cast iron caliper assemblies. A dual exhaust was available as an option. Five different rear axles were available: a 2.56 Economy as well as 2.73, 3.08, 3.23:1 gear ratios. The special PX-Code "AC Delete" 3.91 performance gear option was also available. The standing quartermile was completed in 15.5 seconds at a terminal velocity of 90 mph (145 km/h) for the dual exhaust engine with the 2.73 gear ratio in a 4,700 lb (2,132 kg) Custom Convertible.
Only a minor facelift with revised grille and taillight trim marked the 1970 Electra 225. The big news was under the hood, where a new 370 hp (276 kW) 455 cubic-inch V8 replaced the 430 V8 used from 1967 to 1969. This was the final year for the Electra convertible, finned aluminum brake drums and high compression engines. New this year was a concealed radio antenna, which amounted to two wires embedded in the windshield. Also new for 1970 was the Estate Wagon, which shared the Electra's 455 V8 and four VentiPorts, but was a B-body car like the LeSabre and the Wildcat and consequently shared the smaller cars' 124.0-inch (3,150 mm) wheelbase and interior. This was Buick's first full-sized station wagon since 1964. The following year the Buick Estate would move up to Electra's larger body and more voluminous interior.
1971–1976
| Fourth generation | |
|---|---|
.jpg.webp) 1971 Electra 225 sedan | |
| Overview | |
| Model years | 1971–1976 |
| Assembly | Buick City, Flint, Michigan, United States Doraville, Georgia, United States South Gate, California, United States |
| Designer | Bill Mitchell |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door hardtop 2-door hardtop 2-door coupe |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | C-body |
| Related | Cadillac De Ville Cadillac Calais Buick Estate Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser Oldsmobile 98 Pontiac Grand Safari Pontiac Safari Chevrolet Kingswood Chevrolet Townsman |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 350 cu in (5.7 L) Buick V8 455 cu in (7.5 L) Buick V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed TH-400, automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 127.0 in (3,226 mm) |
| Length | 1971: 226.2 in (5,745 mm) 1972: 227.9 in (5,789 mm) 1973: 229.5 in (5,829 mm) 1974: 231.5 in (5,880 mm) 1975: 233.4 in (5,928 mm) 1976: 233.3 in (5,926 mm) |
| Width | 1971–1972: 79.7 in (2,024 mm) 1973: 79.3 in (2,014 mm) 1974–1976: 79.9 in (2,029 mm) |
| Height | 1971–1973: 54.9 in (1,394 mm) 1974: 55.0 in (1,397 mm) 1975: 55.1 in (1,400 mm) 1976: 54.5 in (1,384 mm) |
| Curb weight | 4,600–5,000 lb (2,087–2,268 kg) |
Like the other GM brands, Buick completely restyled its B-body and C-body cars for 1971. The full-size cars emerged larger and heavier than ever before or after. The new GM full-size bodies, at 64.3" front shoulder room and 63.4" rear shoulder room set a record for interior width that would not be matched by any car until the full-size GM rear-wheel drive models of the early to mid 1990s. The styling featured curved bodysides, long hoods and wide expanses of glass. All Electra 225s were hardtops in the 1971 to 1973 model years, eliminating the previous four-door pillared sedan variant and the convertible. In 1974 Buick adopted GM's pillared coupe body and fitted it with the "Landau" option on the Electra Limited coupe. Optional driver and passenger airbags were also available from 1974 to 1976, but they were unpopular due to their cost.
In the first year for new GM C-body shared with Oldsmobile 98 and Cadillac, the 1971 Electra 225 rode on a new body chassis which retained the 127 in (3,226 mm) wheelbase with styling evolutionary from previous models. The new design included a double-shell roof for improved roll-over protection and noise reduction. Inside was a new wrap-around cockpit style instrument panel shared with B-body LeSabre and Centurion models that grouped all instruments with easy reach of the driver. Under the hood, the 455-cubic-inch V8 was retained as standard equipment, but featured a lower compression of 8.5 to 1 compared to 10.25 to 1 in 1970 as part of a GM corporate mandate requiring all engines to run on 91 Research octane regular leaded, low-lead or unleaded gasolines. Horsepower also dropped from 370 to 315 as a result. Standard equipment continued to consist of variable-ratio power steering and Turbo Hydra-matic transmission. Power front disc brakes were now standard equipment on Electras, replacing the 12 in (305 mm) finned aluminum drum brakes used in full-sized Buicks since the late 1950s. Also new for the 1971 Electra 225, as well as the B-body LeSabre and Centurion, and E-body Riviera, was a new power ventilation system. The system, shared with other GM B-, C- and E-body cars along with the compact Chevrolet Vega, used the heater fan to draw air into the car from the cowl intake, and force it out through vents in the trunk lid or tailgate. In theory, passengers could enjoy fresh air even when the car was moving slowly or stopped, as in heavy traffic. In practice, however, it didn't work. Within weeks of the 1971 models' debut, however, Buick—and all other GM dealers—received multiple complaints from drivers who complained the ventilation system pulled cold air into the car before the heater could warm up—and could not be shut off. The ventilation system was extensively revised for 1972.
From 1971 to 1976, Buick's full-sized Estate Wagon shared the 127.0-inch (3,230 mm) wheelbase and 455 cubic-inch V8 with the Electra 225, and shared its interior and exterior styling from 1971 to 1974 (complete with the prerequisite four VentiPorts). And although from 1975 to 1976 the number of VentiPorts were reduced by one, and the front fascia was downgraded to a LeSabre's, the Electra 225 style chrome rocker panel moldings and distinctive Electra 225 style rear quarter panels (albeit without fender skirts) remained. These were the first Buick station wagons to be built on Buick's largest chassis since the Roadmaster Estates of 1947–53. The Estate Wagons, as did other GM full-sized wagons during these years, used a unique rear suspension with multi-leaf springs instead of the coil springs used on other full-sized Buicks, and other full-sized GM cars. The Estate Wagons also featured a new 'clamshell' tailgate design where the rear power-operated glass slid up into the roof as the tailgate (manually or with power assist), slid into a recess under the cargo floor. The power tailgate, the first in station wagon history, ultimately supplanted the manual tailgate, which required marked effort to lift from storage. It was operated by switches on the instrument panel or a key switch on the rear quarter panel. The clamshell system, heavy and complex, made it easier to load and unload the extremely long wagons in tight spaces. But it remained un-adopted by any other manufacturer, and would be eliminated when GM reduced the length of their wagons by about a foot in 1977, and the overriding concern became increased fuel economy. At 5,182 lb (2,351 kg) shipping weight, or about 5,400 lb (2,400 kg) curb weight, the three-seat 1974 Estate Wagons are easily the heaviest Buicks ever built, even heavier than the Buick Limited limousines of 1936–42.
A new egg-crate grille and taillight trim highlighted the 1972 Electra 225s. The trouble-prone ventilation system used in 1971 was replaced by a new system using vents in the doorjambs instead of the trunk-mounted vents of 1971. The 455 V8 was carried over and now rated at 250 net horsepower compared to 315 gross horsepower in 1971. The differences in advertised horsepower in the two years was due to an industry-wide switch from "gross" (dynometer-rated and not installed in vehicle) to "net" (as installed in vehicle with accessories and emission controls installed) horsepower measurements. The 1972 Buick was available as: Electra 225, Electra 225 Custom, and Electra 225 Custom Limited.
A revised egg-crate grille above a new federally mandated 5 mph (8.0 km/h) front bumper and revised taillights were among the most noticeable changes for the 1973 Electra 225. All engines now featured EGR valves to meet increasingly stringent 1973 emission standards (the EGR valve was featured on Buick engines for California cars in 1972).
New grillework and a new rear with revised taillights and a federally mandated 5 mph (8.0 km/h) rear bumper highlighted the 1974 Electra 225, still available in base and up level Electra Custom models. The Electra Limited, previously a luxurious trim option on the Custom models, was upgraded to full model status. Electra Limited models also got power windows, power driver's seat and a new digital clock as standard equipment, along with an optional leather upholstery trim, the first Buicks (along with that year's Riviera) to offer real leather seats since the 1963 Riviera. The 1974 Buick Electra Limited had velour seats and door panels that were the same as the 1974 Oldsmobile 98 Regency. The 455 V8 was revised to meet the 1974 federal and California emission standards with horsepower dropping from 250 in 1972–73 to 230 for 1974. A one-year only option for the '74 Electra was the high-performance Stage 1 455 with dual exhausts and a 245 hp (183 kW) rating. 1974 was the last year for the pillarless hardtop coupe, although the 4 door hardtop would continue to be produced until 1976. Inside, the wrap-around instrument panel was substantially revised and optionally available for the first time (and seldom ordered) was a driver's side airbag system with an exclusive steering wheel design. 1974 was the final year for the Max Trac traction control option. New options for 1974 included radial tires and a "low fuel" warning light came on when the gas tank was down to only four gallons. A new distinctive "Landau" option was available on the Limited coupe that included the now-popular rear side opera windows and rear-quarter vinyl roof.
1975 brought about changes in all of General Motors C-body cars. In 1975, all Electra 225 coupes had fixed rear side windows and center posts. 1975 also brought along a newer front end and interior design. Rectangular headlights became standard on all GM C-body cars, along with many others. This supposedly would allow engineers to lower the front end to reduce wind resistance, but this wasn't very apparent with the new design. The Electra received a new metal "eggcrate" style grille, which covered most of the front end, and wrapping under the headlights. The grille included running lights on either side. There was a choice of a base model Electra 225, whose trim and appointments were upgraded to the same level as the previous year's Electra 225 Custom, an upscale Limited, and the Park Avenue. The 1975 Electra was also the longest Buick ever built at 233.4 inches (5,928 mm), which is over 19 feet. These cars dwarfed the newer front-wheel drive Electras and Park Avenues in sheer size and weight. Power windows and a power driver's seat became standard on all Electra models in 1975. Also new to the standard equipment list were radial-ply tires. The 1975 Electra was one of the first GM vehicles to offer an Air Cushion Restraint System or "airbag". Inside, a new flat instrument panel (shared with LeSabre, Estate Wagon and Riviera) with horizontal sweep speedometer (silver facing with black lettering) replaced the wrap-around cockpit dash of previous years and door panel trim was revised. The speedometer was scaled back from 120 mph (193 km/h) to 100 mph (161 km/h) and kilometer readings were added. The 1975 Buick Electra Limited got an all new interior. Technical changes for 1975 included the addition of a catalytic converter and electronic ignition to not only meet the stringent 1975 and later emission requirements, but also extended routine maintenance intervals, and improved fuel economy and driveability which was a must in the era immediately following the 1973–74 energy crisis, but also spelled the end of dual exhaust systems and mandated the use of unleaded gasoline as the converter could be rendered useless if contaminated with lead. Axle ratios were also numerically lowered to aid in improving gas mileage. The 455 four-barrel V8, now rated at 205 hp (153 kW), was retained as the standard and only available engine.
Electra Limited Park Avenue
Introduced for the 1975 model year, as an option package for the Electra Limited sedan, the Park Avenue, was originally an interior comfort and appearance package, which gave buyers velour, pillow-topped seating, velour headliner, thicker carpet, and an upscale door panel design. The Park Avenue's seats were designed by Flexsteel. This seating design was similar to the Cadillac Sixty Special with the Talisman (1974–1976) option and stayed with Park Avenue through the 1980 model year. The Park Avenue option also offered a full-size center console which eliminated the front, middle passenger space. The center console was eliminated in 1977. 1975 also offered a more luxurious Park Avenue Deluxe, which was sold only in 1975, and included every option available on the Electra (posi-traction, 15" rallye sport wheels, rear automatic leveling, etc.). The Park Avenue Deluxe was an expensive option not popular with buyers; only 37 were built. The Park Avenue would remain as the top-level trim package through 1988. In 1989, the Electra Park Avenue Ultra debuted as the top model. In 1991, the Electra name would be dropped completely and Park Avenue would replace it as the flagship Buick sedan.
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1976 brought about a few changes on the Electra. The front-end was reworked, including the grille and bumper. The new plastic grille featured 17 vertical bars and covered much of the radiator. The grille did not extend under the headlights in 1976, but instead Buick moved the running lights and turn signal lights underneath the headlights, where the 1975 grille had once been. The bumper no longer housed running lights. There were also some minor interior differences. The brake release handle was black instead of chrome, the seat material was slightly different, on the limited, notch-back diamond pattern seating. The 1975 material appeared in a "corduroy" form, but the actual material was not corduroy. The 1976 diamond pattern seating material did not have this appearance. The engine air cleaner did not have a "cold-air" ram air intake hose like the 1975 model did, and there were some carburetor changes and camshaft changes to meet EPA standards. The rear end ratio also was higher than the 1975 standard, at 2.56:1 instead of 2.73:1. The Park Avenue and leather seating in 1975 and 1976 were the same. Once again, there was the base 225, the Limited, and the luxurious Park Avenue. The Park Avenue Deluxe vanished for 1976 due to poor sales. The 1976 Electra is about the same size as the 1975 at 233.3 inches (5,926 mm), making them among the biggest Buicks ever.
The 1975 Buick Electra 225 Limited[12] was the longest four-door hardtop car GM ever built, as the Cadillac Sixty Special (which was a bit longer) was unavailable as a hardtop sedan since the mid-sixties. The model also ushered in a return of the six window configuration that Buick offered between 1959 and 1964.
All Electras were powered by Buick's 455 cu. in. (7.5 L) engine between 1971 and 1976. The 1971 model had 315 hp (235 kW), but that was reduced to 205 hp (153 kW) by the 1976 model year; increasingly stringent exhaust emission limits reduced engine output, and an industry-wide 1972 change in rating systems reduced the horsepower numbers produced by any given engine. Even at its weakest state, the Buick-built 455 engine still produced 345 lb⋅ft (468 N⋅m) of torque at 2000 rpm. The 455 was the standard engine on the Electra, but there were some built with Buick 350s during the GM strike, when 455 production halted. The 350 engine also came with a price rebate. The 455 engine disappeared after the 1976 model year, in favor of smaller, more efficient engines.
Total production for this generation was 794,833.
1977–1984
| Fifth generation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Model years | 1977–1984 |
| Assembly | Buick City, Flint, Michigan, United States Doraville, Georgia, United States Wentzville, Missouri, United States (1983-1984) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door sedan 2-door coupe 4-door station wagon [13] |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | C-body |
| Related | Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham Cadillac De Ville Oldsmobile 98 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 252 cu in (4.1 L) Buick V6 307 cu in (5.0 L) Oldsmobile V8 350 cu in (5.7 L) Buick V8 350 cu in (5.7 L) Oldsmobile diesel V8 403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed TH350 automatic 4-speed THM200-4R automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 118.9 in (3,020 mm)[14] |
| Length | 1977–79: 222.1 in (5,641 mm) 1980: 220.9 in (5,611 mm) 1981–82: 221.2 in (5,618 mm) 1983–84: 221.3 in (5,621 mm) |
| Width | 1977–79: 77.2 in (1,961 mm) 1980: 78.0 in (1,981 mm) 1981: 75.9 in (1,928 mm) 1982–84: 76.2 in (1,935 mm) |
| Height | 1977–79: 55.7 in (1,415 mm) 1980: 55.6 in (1,412 mm) 1981: 55.0 in (1,397 mm) 1982–84: 56.9 in (1,445 mm) |
| Curb weight | 3,800–4,200 lb (1,700–1,900 kg) |
GM downsized all C-body cars in 1977, including the Electra. It lost over 11 inches (279 mm) in length and quite a bit of weight too. The car was totally redesigned, but still offered base 225 and Limited trims, plus a top-line Park Avenue option package, which became available on the coupe. The console option in the Park Avenue was gone, never to return to the rear wheel drive Electra. The downsized model brought increased sales, with 161,627 Electras produced in 1977.[4] Hardtops were no longer produced; all models now had thick "B" pillars.
The big-block 455 was gone forever. The base engine was now the Buick 350 with a 4-barrel carburetor until 1979. The Oldsmobile 403 was optional from 1977 to 1979. Oldsmobile's 350 diesel was added to the option list beginning in 1980, along with an Oldsmobile-sourced 307. The Buick 350 was now optional, with the base engine being the Buick 4.1 L V6 for improved fuel economy. In 1981, the then-optional Buick 350 was dropped. That same year, the Electra gained the new THM200-4R automatic transmission, which featured a lock-up torque converter and a 0.67:1 overdrive ratio. With the new transmission, the Electra could be equipped with a numerically higher rear axle ratio for better performance, while offering improved fuel economy with the overdrive range.
Park Avenue, previously an appearance option package, became an official trim level on the Electra in 1978. Cosmetically, a different grille and redesigned tail lights were the only notable cosmetic changes that year but 1979 brought a redesigned, flat front end and a subtly different taillight treatment featuring a Buick crest and bisecting horizontal silver line. It didn't last as the 1980 Electra went back to its earlier 1977 roots but with a new grille featuring vertical slats. Also in 1980, Buick completely dropped the "225" moniker leaving just Limited and Park Avenue trims.
For the first time since 1959, Electras didn't have four VentiPorts in 1981. The 1981 model saw very few changes from the 1980 restyle but it got a modified grille and new powertrains. The top-line Electra Park Avenue model continued to show 4 small depressions with stickers in the chrome moulding on its front fenders until they were completely gone in 1985. Production of the rear-wheel drive Electra ceased in April 1984.[15] Technically this was the last year of the rear wheel drive C-body, as it was renamed the D-body and would continue on under the Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, and later the 1987–92 Cadillac Brougham and finally the 1993–96 Cadillac Fleetwood. The next large rear wheel drive Buick sedan would be the 1992–96 Roadmaster, sharing the same B-body as the Chevrolet Caprice and GM's last full-size rear wheel drive station wagons.
The Buick Estate Wagon was also downsized for 1977. It had been a separate model in its own right since 1970, alternatively sharing chassis and styling with both the Electra and LeSabre. In stark contrast to 1975–76 when it shared Electra's 127.0-inch (3,226 mm) wheelbase and used the LeSabre's front end styling, the new Estate Wagon shared LeSabre's B-body and used Electra's front-end styling.
1977 Buick Electra Park Avenue sedan.jpg.webp)
1978 Buick Electra Limited Landau Coupe (rear).jpg.webp)
1979 Buick Electra Limited Landau Coupe
1982 Buick Electra Estate Wagon
Size comparison between 1974 and 1977 Buick Electra 225
| 1974 Buick Electra 225 | 1977 Buick Electra 225 | |
|---|---|---|
| Wheelbase | 127.0 in (3,226 mm) | 118.9 in (3,020 mm) |
| Overall length | 231.5 in (5,880 mm) | 222.1 in (5,641 mm) |
| Width | 79.9 in (2,029 mm) | 77.2 in (1,961 mm) |
| Height | 55.0 in (1,397 mm) | 55.7 in (1,415 mm) |
| Front headroom | 39.3 in (998 mm) | 39.3 in (998 mm) |
| Front legroom | 42.2 in (1,072 mm) | 42.2 in (1,072 mm) |
| Front hip room | 62.3 in (1,582 mm) | 55.0 in (1,397 mm) |
| Front shoulder room | 64.3 in (1,633 mm) | 60.6 in (1,539 mm) |
| Rear headroom | 38.2 in (970 mm) | 38.0 in (965 mm) |
| Rear legroom | 40.8 in (1,036 mm) | 40.9 in (1,039 mm) |
| Rear hip room | 62.8 in (1,595 mm) | 55.7 in (1,415 mm) |
| Rear shoulder room | 63.4 in (1,610 mm) | 60.6 in (1,539 mm) |
| Luggage capacity | 20.7 cu ft (586 l) | 20.3 cu ft (575 l) |
1985–1990
| Sixth generation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1984–1990 |
| Model years | 1985–1990 |
| Assembly | Lake Orion, Michigan, United States Wentzville, Missouri, United States |
| Designer | Irvin Rybicki |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door sedan 2-door coupe |
| Layout | FF layout |
| Platform | C-body |
| Related | Cadillac Sixty Special Cadillac Fleetwood Cadillac DeVille Oldsmobile 98 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 3.0 L Buick V6 3.8 L Buick V6 4.3 L Oldsmobile diesel V6 |
| Transmission | 4-speed THM440-T4 automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 110.8 in (2,814 mm) |
| Length | 1985–86: 197.0 in (5,004 mm) 1987: 197.4 in (5,014 mm) 1988–90: 197.0 in (5,004 mm) |
| Width | 1985–86: 72.4 in (1,839 mm) 1987: 72.1 in (1,831 mm) 1988–90: 72.4 in (1,839 mm) |
| Height | 1985–86: 54.3 in (1,379 mm) 1987: 54.2 in (1,377 mm) 1988–90: 54.3 in (1,379 mm) |
| Curb weight | 3,300–3,600 lb (1,500–1,600 kg) |
For 1985, a redesigned front-wheel drive Electra debuted with the new GM C body which was further downsized compared to the previous generation. Despite its notably smaller exterior, interior dimensions remained largely the same as the prior generation, though forgoing all V8 engines. Sales began in April 1984, alongside the previous rear-wheel-drive model, which had ceased production that month.[15] It was initially powered by a carbureted 3.0 liter Buick V6 engine, a fuel injected 3.8 liter Buick V6 engine, or a 4.3 liter Oldsmobile diesel V6 engine. Each used a 4-speed automatic transmission with a 0.70:1 overdrive gear. The 3.0 liter carbureted V6 and 4.3 liter diesel V6 were not offered after 1985.
The trim levels for the Electra initially included 300/380/430 (based on engine displacement), Park Avenue, and performance-oriented T-Type. Limited replaced the number designation starting in 1987 and a new top level Park Avenue Ultra was added in 1989.
The Electra's hood was hinged in the front thus opening at the passenger compartment, opposite of the conventional setup. The car's overall design remained largely unchanged from 1985 thru 1990, though in 1987, the Electra lineup lost the four-lamp "quad" headlights used in 1985–86 models in favor of composite one-piece headlights. The sixth generation Electras were initially offered in both 2-door coupe and 4-door sedan body styles but the 2-door coupe versions were eventually discontinued in 1986 (Electra 380) and 1987 (Electra Park Avenue).
This generation saw the installation of Dynaride, which was an air compressor that would pressurize the rear Chapman Struts to maintain a level overall ride height. A badge was installed on the dashboard to the left of the steering column on all vehicles equipped. It was not available on vehicles equipped with Gran Touring Suspension.
In 1988, the Electra Park Avenue received the 3800 V-6. The original 3.8 L V-6 was still offered in some Electra models through the 1988 model year and was designated by the VIN code 3, while Electras with the 3800 V-6 were designated by the VIN code C. For 1989, the front seat belts became door-mounted (except for Canadian-market vehicles), and back seat shoulder belts became standard.
Park Avenue Ultra
In 1989 and 1990, Buick introduced the Park Avenue Ultra trim level. The Ultra was essentially an upgrade to the Electra Park Avenue line, and featured a standard leather interior with dual 20-way power front seats, lower-body accent exterior paint treatment, distinctive thick-padded vinyl top with smaller limousine-style rear-window (available only on Ultra), simulated burled elm trim on the doors and instrument panel, unique aluminum wheels, anti-lock brakes, chromed B-pillar moldings, specific grille and tail lamps, leather-wrapped steering wheel, leather padded glove-compartment door, unique interior door panel trim, and a variety of otherwise minor changes. With its longer list of standard equipment, the Park Avenue Ultra sedan actually carried a higher base price than the Cadillac Sedan de Ville. The Park Avenue Ultra did not gain much popular recognition, however, until the following generation of Park Avenue where the "Ultra" trim level offered even more features.
Engines
- 3.0 L (181 in³) Buick V6 - 1985 Electra 300, 110 hp (82 kW) at 4800 rpm, 145 lb⋅ft (197 N⋅m) at 2600 rpm
- 3.8 L (231 in³) Buick V6 - 1985–1986 Electra 380, 1987–1990 Electra Limited, 1985–1990 Electra T-Type, 1985–1990 Electra Park Avenue, 1989–1990 Electra Park Avenue Ultra
- 4.3 L (263 in³) Oldsmobile diesel V6 - 1985 Electra 430
Electra Estate
During the 1985 to 1989 model years, the Electra name also continued to be used on the rear-wheel drive B-body station wagon. "Electra" was dropped from the name in 1990, becoming the Estate Wagon, and the model was then replaced by the Roadmaster Estate in 1991.
Discontinuation
The long running Electra name was dropped from Buick's lineup at the end of the 1990 model year. Starting in 1991, the Park Avenue became a distinct model instead of a trim designation.
References
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buick Electra. |
- http://www.texasmonthly.com/content/showdown-waggoner-ranch?fullpage=1
- Flory, Jr., J. "Kelly" (2008). American Cars, 1946–1959 Every Model Every Year. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-3229-5.
- John Hiatt - Detroit Made - YouTube
- "Buick Production Figures 1950–1979". Buicks.net. Archived from the original on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
- "Directory Index: Buick/1962_Buick/1962 Buick Full Line Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- "Directory Index: Buick/1963_Buick/1963_Buick_Full_Size". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-10-08. Retrieved 2017-10-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Directory Index: Buick/1965_Buick_001/1965_Buick_Full_Line_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Archived from the original on 2013-03-29. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- "Directory Index: Buick/1966_Buick/ 1966_Buick_Prestige_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- Google books: "Ebony"; Nov 1965: pp 26- Retrieved 2016-11-5
- Directory Index: Buick/1968_Buick/1968_Buick_Brochure_2
- "1975 Electra image". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
- 1980 Buick brochure, www.lov2xlr8.no Retrieved 12 June 2017
- World Cars 1982. Herald Books. 1982. ISBN 0-910714-14-2.
- Stark, Harry A. (February 1984). "C-car conundrum: selling two different cars with one name". Ward's Auto World. Archived from the original on 2005-04-08. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
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