Bryoria

Bryoria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens.[2] The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas.

Bryoria
Bryoria nadvornikiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Bryoria
Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
Type species
Bryoria trichodes
(Michx.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
Synonyms[1]
  • Bryopogon Th.Fr. (1860)
  • Setaria Ach. ex Michx. (1803)

Taxonomy

Bryoria was circumscribed in 1977 by lichenologists Irwin Brodo and David Hawksworth, with Bryoria trichodes as the type species.[3]

Description

Bryoria species are fruticose, slender and hair-like, tending to grow hanging (pendent) or like a small bush. They range in colour from dark brown to pale greyish brown to grey in some species. Ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid, numbering eight per ascus.[4]

Other hair-like lichens that may be confused with Bryoria include dark brown species of Bryocaulon, Nodobryoria, Pseudephebe, Alectoria, or Cetraria.[4]

Habitat and distribution

Found almost exclusively on conifers, or on tundra soil,[4] Bryoria collectively has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas.[5]

Species
Bryoria pseudofuscescens (left) and B. capillaris (right)
  • Bryoria alaskana Goward & Myllys (2016)[6]
  • Bryoria araucana Boluda, D.Hawksw. & V.J.Rico (2015)[7] – Chile
  • Bryoria barbata Li S.Wang & D.Liu (2017)[8] – China
  • Bryoria bicolor (Hoffm.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria fastigiata Li S.Wang & H.Harada (2006)[9]
  • Bryoria forsteri Olech & Bystrek (2004)[10] – Antarctica
  • Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria fruticulosa Li S.Wang & Myllys (2017)[8] – China
  • Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria hengduanensis Li S.Wang & H.Harada (2003)[11] – China
  • Bryoria implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria inactiva Goward, Velmala & Myllys (2013)[12]
  • Bryoria irwinii Goward & Myllys (2016)[6]
  • Bryoria kockiana Velmala, Myllys & Goward (2013)[12]
  • Bryoria lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria pseudofuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria rigida P.M.Jørg. & Myllys (2012)[13] – Asia
  • Bryoria smithii (Du Rietz) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria tenuis (E.Dahl) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria trichodes (Michx.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria vrangiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
  • Bryoria wui Li S.Wang (2017)[8] – China
  • Bryoria yunnanensis Li S.Wang & Xin Y.Wang (2017)[8] – China

See also

References
  1. "Synonymy: Bryoria Brodo & D. Hawksw". Species Fungorum. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  2. Smith HB, Dal Grande F, Muggia L, Keuler R, Divakar PK, Grewe F, Schmitt I, Lumbsch HT, Leavitt SD. (2020). "Metagenomic data reveal diverse fungal and algal communities associated with the lichen symbiosis". Symbiosis. 82 (1–2): 133–147. doi:10.1007/s13199-020-00699-4.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. Brodo, I.M.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1977). "Alectoria and allied genera in North America". Opera Botanica. 42: 1–164.
  4. Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0300082494.
  5. Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  6. Myllys, Leena; Velmala, Saara; Pino-Bodas, Raquel; Goward, Trevor (2016). "New species in Bryoria (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) from north-west North America". Lichenologist. 48 (5): 355–365. doi:10.1017/S0024282916000268.
  7. Boluda, Carlos G.; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Hawksworth, David L.; Villagra, Johana; Rico, Víctor J. (2015). "Molecular studies reveal a new species of Bryoria in Chile". Lichenologist. 47 (6): 387–394. doi:10.1017/S0024282915000298.
  8. Wang, Li Song; Wang, Xin Yu; Liu, Dong; Myllys, Leena; Shi, Hai Xia; Zhang, Yan Yun; Yang, Mei Xia; Li, Li Juan (2017). "Four new species of Bryoria (Lichenized Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) from the Hengduan Mountains, China". Phytotaxa. 297 (1): 29. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.297.1.3.
  9. Wang, Li Song; Harada, Hiroshi; Koh, Y.J.; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2006). "Taxonomic study of Bryoria (Lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from the Sino-Himalaya (2). Bryoria fastigiata sp. nov". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 100: 865–870.
  10. Olech, Maria; Bystrek, Jan (2004). "Bryoria forsteri (lichenized Ascomycotina), a new species from Antarctica". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. 73 (2): 151–153. doi:10.5586/asbp.2004.021.
  11. Wang, L.S.; Harada, H.; Narui, T.; Culberson, C.F.; Culberson, W.L. (2003). "Bryoria hengduanensis (Lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae), a new species from Southern China". Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. 54 (2): 99–104.
  12. Velmala, Saara; Myllys, Leena; Goward, Trevor; Holien, Håkon; Halonen, Pekka (2014). "Taxonomy of Bryoria section Implexae (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) in North America and Europe, based on chemical, morphological and molecular data". Annales Botanici Fennici. 51 (6): 345–371. doi:10.5735/085.051.0601. S2CID 86126379.
  13. Jørgensen, Per M.; Myllys, Leena; Velmala, Saara; Wang, Li-Song (2012). "Bryoria rigida, a new Asian lichen species from the Himalayan region". Lichenologist. 44 (6): 777–781. doi:10.1017/S0024282912000370.
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