Bosawás Biosphere Reserve

The Bosawás Biosphere Reserve in the northern part of state Jinotega (border with Honduras), Nicaragua is a hilly tropical forest designated in 1997 as a UNESCO biosphere reserve. At approximately 20,000 km² (2 million hectares) in size, the reserve (i.e. nucleus plus buffer zone) comprises about 15% of the nation's total land area making together with the biosphere of the banana river in Honduras that geographically is a single jungle only that is divided by land borders it the second largest rainforest in the Western Hemisphere, after the Amazon in Brazil.[1] Bosawás is largely unexplored, and is extremely rich in biodiversity.

History

Bosawás overlaps the homelands of two of Nicaragua's indigenous peoples, the Sumos and the Miskito, in an area which is rich in natural resources, most notably timber and gold.[2] About 130,000 inhabitants practice subsistence farming within the boundaries, about 35,000 of them indigenous Miskito and Sumo people.

The Bosawás Biosphere Reserve evolved from the Sandinista revolution. The Sandinista government had granted two regions of the Caribbean coast to be governed autonomously by the indigenous population. The subsequent Chamorro government set aside three large reserves, Bosawás being the largest, with its nucleus comprising approximately 7% of Nicaragua's total land area (the rest constitutes the reserve's buffer zone). The creation of Bosawás was considered a violation of the region's constitutionally guaranteed territorial autonomy.[2]

In January 2020, several Mayangna people living on the Reserve were killed and kidnapped, reportedly by Nicaraguans seeking to use the land for farming and forestry.[3]

Etymology

The name is derived from three natural features: the Bocay River, Mount Saslaya and the Waspuk River. It includes all of Nicaragua's Saslaya National Park. The Cordillera Isabella cross the reserve area, and the Coco River (Río Coco) forms the northern border, the political border with Honduras.

Flora and fauna

About an estimated of 10,000 km² of forest occur in Bosawas.

The botanical diversity of Bosawás is very high, with vascular plants considered to be in the thousands. Bosawás also is rich in invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. Within Bosawás live an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 insect species; the number is believed to be higher, however a closer estimate is not possible due to the area being relatively unexplored. Quetzals and guacamayas are present in significant numbers, along with the largest and most powerful eagle found in the Americas, the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja). These, however, are just a few of the 700 Nicaraguan bird species potentially found in the reserve. Pumas and jaguars, considered powerful top predators of the food chain, are present in the reserve, and tapirs (Tapirus bairdii) are their favorite prey.[4]

See also

References
  1. Science Show - 19 August 2006 - Bosawas Bioreserve Nicaragua
  2. McGinnis, Michael D. (1999). Bioregionalism. New York: Routledge. pp. 176–177. ISBN 0-415-15444-8.
  3. "Nicaragua: Six indigenous people reportedly killed in attack". BBC News. January 30, 2020.
  4. "Bosawas: Flora y Fauna" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2007-06-22. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
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