Borommakot

Borommakot
บรมโกศ
Borommakot; บรมโกศ
	King of Ayutthaya
King of Siam
Reign	1733–1758
Predecessor	Sanphet IX
Successor	Uthumphon
Vice King of Ayutthaya
Tenure	1708–1732
Appointed	Sanphet IX
Deputy Vice King of Ayutthaya
Tenure	circa 1703–1708
Appointed	Sanpet VIII
Born	1680
Died	1758; Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya Kingdom
Spouse	Aphainuchit; Phiphit Montri
Issue	108 sons and daughters
House	Ban Phlu Luang dynasty
Father	Sanpet VIII

Borommakot[1] (Thai: บรมโกศ, pronounced [bɔ̄ː.rōm.mā.kòːt]) or Borommarachathirat V (Thai: บรมราชาธิราชที่ ๕) was the king of Ayutthaya from 1733 to 1758. His reign was the last blooming period of Ayutthaya as the kingdom would fall nine years after his death.[2]^:68–69

"His reign of 25 years is important for being the last peaceful period of Ayudhya during which literature with the arts and crafts flurished." However, the king himself was known for "cruelty to people and animals alike," with seven of his sons meeting violent deaths.[2]^:67–68

Ayutthya civil war

Prince Phon (Thai: พร) was the son of Sanpet VIII. His elder brother, Prince Phet (เพชร), succeeded the throne as Sanphet IX in 1708.[3]^:277 Phon was then appointed as the Front Palace. Upon the death of Thai Sa, however, Thai Sa decided to give his throne to his second eldest son, Prince Aphai, since his eldest son had entered the priesthood. In 1732, Thai Sa died and a civil war commenced. Phon led his armies against his nephews, Prince Aphai and Prince Paramet. The civil war within Ayutthaya was "a big fight, bigger than any which had occurred in Siam in former times". With the victory ensured, Phon executed his nephews, the government civil servant allies, and took the throne as King Borommakot.[3]^:280–281

Accession to the throne

Because the Samuha Kalahom had lent the support to Prince Aphai, Borommakot removed the power of Samuha Kalahom by depriving its authorities over southern Siam and transferred the power to Kromma Tha instead. The Samuha Kalahom remained as a mere military figurehead.

In spite of the bloodshed that preceded his reign, Borommakot was known for his reconstruction of Buddhist temples and the peace and prosperity Ayutthaya finally enjoyed again. In 1753, Borommakot sent two Siamese monks to rehabilitate Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka.[3]^{:282–283,295}

In 1741, Borommakot made his son Thammathibet the Front Palace. Thammathibet proved to be an able prince and was a poet. However, Thammathibet had affairs with two of Borommakot's concubines, Princess Sangwan[3]^:296 and Princess Nim—a severe crime. The lovers were caught in 1746 and the three were beaten. The Front Palace was lashed 120 stokes and the two concubines 30 each. The Front Palace died while he was beaten and Princess Sangwan died 3 days later. Princess Nim survived, but she was banished from the court.

Borommakot then appointed his third son, Duea (เดื่อ; later became Uthumporn), as the Front Palace. Borommakot skipped his second son, Ekkathat, because he thought that Ekkathat was not suitable to be a king.[3]^:297

However, Ekkathat still had designs on the throne, and the subsequent struggles of the princes for the throne would contribute to the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, during the reign of Ekkathat.[3]^:298–300

Issue

#	Consort and Concubines	Children
1.	Khao, Princess Aphainuchit	Thammathibet, Prince Senaphithak (or Narathibet) Princess Borom Princess Suriya Wong Princess Suriya Princess Thida Princess Ratsami Inthasudawadi, Princess Yisan Seni
2.	Phlap, Princess Phiphit Montri	Princess Siripracha (or Prachawadi) Princess Siriprapha (or Praphawadi) Princess Inthawadi (or Phinthawadi) Princess Kasattri Ekkathat, Prince Anurak Montri Princess Buachan (or Chanthrawadi) Princess Nuan (or Num) Uthumphon Ratchakuman, Prince Phon Phinit
3.	Princess Inthasucha Thewi	Princess Kunthon Prince Aphon Princess Mongkut Prince Sangkhit
4.	Concubine Si	Princess Pha-op Maengmao, Princess Wimonphat Prince Sathit Prince Phong Prince Taeng
5.	Concubine Phi	Prince In
6.	Others	Khaek, Prince Thepphiphit Mangkhut, Prince Chit Sunthon Rot, Prince Sunthonthep Pan, Prince Sepphakdi Princess Fakthong

Notes

พระนามพระมหากษัตริย์สมัยอยุธยา [Names of Ayutthayan Kings] (in Thai). Royal Institute of Thailand. 2002-06-03. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2014-09-20.
Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited
Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., ISBN 9747534584

Regnal titles
Borommakot Ban Phlu Luang dynasty Born: 1680 Died: 1758
Vacant Title last held by Chopkhotchaprasit	Deputy Viceroy of Ayutthaya circa 1703–1708	Vacant Title next held by Anurak Devesh of Rattanakosin Kingdom
Preceded by Phet	Viceroy of Ayutthaya 1709–1733	Succeeded by Senaphithak
Preceded by Sanphet IX	King of Ayutthaya 1733–1758	Succeeded by Uthumphon

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[1] พระนามพระมหากษัตริย์สมัยอยุธยา [Names of Ayutthayan Kings] (in Thai). Royal Institute of Thailand. 2002-06-03. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2014-09-20.

[prince-2] Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited

[Damrong-3] Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., ISBN 9747534584