Black Jester

Black Jester (1911–1928) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire, best known for winning the Classic St Leger Stakes in 1914. The colt won nine times from twenty-three races in a track career which lasted from 1913 until October 1915. Black Jester was one of the leading two-year-olds of 1913 when he won both Molecomb Stakes and the Richmond Stakes at Goodwood. As a three-year-old he finished third in the 2000 Guineas and was unplaced in The Derby before winning the Sussex Stakes at Goodwood and the St Leger at Doncaster in September. In 1915 he won the City and Suburban Handicap and the June Stakes, a wartime substitute for the Coronation Cup. He became increasingly difficult to train and at the end of the season he was retired to stud where he became a successful sire of broodmares.

Black Jester
SirePolymelus
GrandsireCyllene
DamAbsurdity
DamsireMelton
SexStallion
Foaled1911
CountryUnited Kingdom
ColourBrown
BreederJack Barnato Joel
OwnerJack Barnato Joel
TrainerCharles Morton
Record23: 9–6–1
Earnings£15,000[1]
Major wins
Molecomb Stakes (1913)
Richmond Stakes (1913)
Sussex Stakes (1914)
St Leger Stakes (1914)
City and Suburban Handicap (1915)
June Stakes (1915)

Background

Black Jester was a brown colt bred by his owner Jack Barnato Joel, the South African mining magnate and three-time British flat racing Champion Owner.[2] Joel sent his colt to his private trainer Charles Morton at Letcombe Bassett in Berkshire.[3] He proved to be a temperamental and difficult colt, and could not be relied upon to produce his best form.[1] Black Jester was described as "not a very big colt", but "very truly made" and "a sparkling mover".[4]

Black Jester was sired by Polymelus, who won the Champion Stakes in 1906, and went on to much greater success as a stallion. Apart from Black Jester, he sired the Derby winners Pommern, Humorist and Fifinella and through his son Phalaris is the direct male-line ancestor of most modern Thoroughbreds. He was the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland on five occasions.[5] Black Jester's dam was Absurdity, one of the foundation mares of Joel's Childwick Bury stud: in addition to Black Jester she produced seven other winners including Jest (Epsom Oaks) and Absurd (Middle Park Stakes, champion sire in New Zealand).[6] Her later descendants included the classic winners Royal Palace, Fairy Footsteps (1000 Guineas) and Light Cavalry (St Leger).[7]

Racing career

1913: two-year-old season

In 1913, Black Jester ran eight times and recorded two victories, both of them at Goodwood in July.[8] He won the six furlong Richmond Stakes at odds of 10/11 and the Molecomb Stakes over five furlongs at 1/4.[9] In both races he was ridden by the Australian Frank Wootton who had been British flat racing Champion Jockey for the previous four years, despite being still in his teens.[10] In the Richmond he won by two lengths from Land of Song, who was carrying seven pounds more than the winner. In September he ran behind By George! in the Champagne Stakes at Doncaster and in October he was unplaced behind Corcyra in the Middle Park Stakes. Despite his successes at Goodwood, Black Jester was regarded as far inferior to the year's leading two-year-old The Tetrarch.[11] He was however, regarded as one of the most promising British colts of his generation, and with The Tetrarch being considered unlikely to contest the classics, he was identified as a contender for major honours in 1914.[12]

1914: three-year-old season

In the 2000 Guineas over Newmarket's Rowley Mile course, Black Jester finished third of the eighteen runners, beaten a short head and two lengths by Kennymore and Corcyra.[8] Shortly afterwards, Black Jester won the St George Stakes at Liverpool to confirm his position as a contender for the Epsom Derby.[13]

At Epsom on 29 May, Black Jester started the 10/1 second favourite for the Derby, which attracted an estimated 400,000 spectators, including the King and Queen. The race was delayed by the behaviour of Kennymore who became extremely agitated and kicked out at other horses before being left twenty lengths behind at the start. Black Jester was among the leaders from the start and was in second place on the turn into the straight. He briefly appeared to take a slight lead[14] but was overtaken by the French-trained outsider Durbar and dropped out of contention in the closing stages to finish seventh of the thirty runners.[15] According to one report the Prince of Wales lost £150 by wagering on Black Jester.[16] After the Derby, Black Jester showed good, but inconsistent form, winning the Ascot Biennial Stakes but then being beaten in the Hardwicke Stakes. For the second year in succession, he was successful at Goodwood in July, winning the one-mile Sussex Stakes at odds of 4/9.[9]

In the St Leger at Doncaster on 9 September he started at odds of 10/1 against seventeen rivals in the largest field for 53 years.[17] The distance of one and three quarter miles was not expected to suit Black Jester, whose stamina had been questioned,[18] and who was therefore not a popular choice with betters. Ridden by Walter Griggs,[19] he tracked Kennymore, who set an extremely strong pace, until taking the lead quarter a mile from the finish. In the closing stages he drew away from his opponents and won by five lengths from Kennymore, with Cressingham three lengths further back in third.[20] His winning time of 3:02.6 was a record[17] and remains the sixth fastest St Leger ever run at Doncaster. Jack Joel admitted that he was surprised at his colt's win, saying that he "never had a shilling on him" after losing heavily when betting on the horse at Epsom.[4] He donated £1,000 from the St Leger prize money to various charities or "Relief Funds".[21]

In his remaining races that year Black Jester finished unplaced under a weight of 124 pounds in the Cambridgeshire Handicap[22] and second to Hapsburg in the ten furlong Champion Stakes at Newmarket.

1915: four-year-old season
Black Jester wins the City and Suburban Handicap in 1915

Black Jester began his four-year-old campaign in the nine and a half furlong City and Suburban Handicap at Epsom on 21 April. Ridden by W. Huxley, he won from Diadumenos and Dan Russel.[23] His success saw him described as "the best handicap horse in England at the present time".[24] By June, Wartime restrictions saw Epsom Racecourse closed and the Derby meeting of 1915 was moved to the July Course at Newmarket. At the meeting Black Jester carried 134 pounds to victory in the June Stakes, which was a replacement for the Coronation Cup.[25] At the same course a month later, he was beaten by the three-year-old Rossendale in the Princess of Wales's Stakes, when attempting to conceded twenty-one pounds to the younger horse. Black Jester had been confidently expected to win the race and his defeat reportedly caused "quite a senstation".[26]

By the end of the year Black Jester's temperament had become highly unpredictable. On some occasions he would work brilliantly; but on others he could "hardly be persuaded to put one leg before the other".[27] He was retired to stud after finishing unplaced behind Let Fly in the Champion Stakes.

Assessment and honours

In their book, A Century of Champions, based on the Timeform rating system, John Randall and Tony Morris rated Black Jester an "average" winner of the St Leger and the best horse in Britain in 1914.[28]

Stud record

Black Jester was not considered a success as a breeding stallion, but did sire some notable broodmares. His daughter Black Ray was an influential mare, being the direct female ancestor of Mill Reef, Blushing Groom and Wollow[29] Black Ray's sister Black Gem was the ancestor of the 1000 Guineas and Oaks winner Imprudence.[30] Another of his daughters was Black Domino the dam of the Grand Prix de Paris winner Barneveldt. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, Black Jester was exported to Argentina at some point in his stud career.[31] Black Jester died in June 1928.[32]

Pedigree
Pedigree of Black Jester (GB), brown stallion, 1911[33]
Sire
Polymelus (GB)
1902		 Cyllene
1895		 Bona Vista Bend Or
Vista
Arcadia Isonomy
Distant Shore
Maid Marian
1886		 Hampton Lord Clifden
Lady Langden
Quiver Toxophilite
Young Melbourne mare
Dam
Absurdity (GB)
1903		 Melton
1882		 Master Kildare Lord Ronald
Silk
Violet Melrose Scottish Chief
Violet
Paradoxical
1891		 Timothy Hermit
Lady Masham
Inchbonny Sterling
Casuistry (Family No. 1-s)[7]

References
  1. Mortimer, Roger; Onslow, Richard; Willett, Peter (1999). Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing. Macdonald and Jane’s. ISBN 0-354-08536-0.
  2. "Person Profile : Jack Joel". Horseracing History Online. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  3. "Person Profile : Charles Morton". Horseracing History Online. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  4. "THE WORLD OF SPORT". Auckland Star. 31 October 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  5. Liz Martiniak Thoroughbred Heritage (1924-03-24). "Polymelus". Tbheritage.com. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  6. "Leading Sires of New Zealand". Tbheritage.com. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  7. "Web - Family 1-s". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  8. "ENGLISH RACING". Press. 1 May 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  9. Abelson, Edward; Tyrrel, John (1993). The Breedon Book of Horse Racing Records. Breedon Books Publishing. ISBN 978-1-873626-15-3.
  10. "Person Profile : Frank Wootton". Horseracing History Online. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  11. "TURF NOTES". Auckland Star. 4 October 1913. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  12. "THE TURF". Evening Post. 21 February 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  13. "TURF NOTES". Auckland Star. 23 May 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  14. "THE DERBY RACE". Poverty Bay Herald. 3 July 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  15. "400,000 SEE DERBY". Poverty Bay Herald. 5 June 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  16. "ALL SORTS OF PEOPLE". Free Lance. 25 July 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  17. "TURF NOTES". Auckland Star. 24 October 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  18. "ENGLISH RACING". Press. 11 September 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  19. "Person Profile : Walter Griggs". Horseracing History Online. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  20. "The St. Leger. Reuter's Telegram". The Straits Times. 11 November 1914. p. 9. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  21. "THE SPORTING WORLD". Otautau Standard and Wallace County Chronicle. 10 November 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  22. "SPORT ABROAD". Auckland Star. 19 December 1914. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  23. "ENGLISH RACING". Evening Post. 22 April 1915. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  24. "NEWS AND NOTES". NZ Truth. 22 May 1915. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  25. "EXTRA EDITION. ENGLISH RACING". Evening Post. 28 October 1915. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  26. "TURF NOTES". Auckland Star. 4 September 1915. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  27. "TURF NOTES". Auckland Star. 11 December 1915. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  28. Morris, Tony; Randall, John (1999). A Century of Champions. Portway Press. ISBN 978-1-901570-15-1.
  29. "Grand Duchess - Family 22-d". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  30. "Our Lassie". Reines-de-course.com. 1942-07-13. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  31. James Louis Garvin, ed. (1926). Encyclopdedia Britannica. 2 (13 ed.). The Encyclopdedia Britannica Company Ltd. p. 365.
  32. Weatherby (1929). "Obituary". The General Stud Book. XXVL: 1345.
  33. "Black Jester pedigree". equineline.com. 2012-05-08. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
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