Big Bayou Canot rail accident

The Big Bayou Canot rail accident was the derailing of an Amtrak train on the CSX Transportation Big Bayou Canot Bridge near Mobile, Alabama, United States, on September 22, 1993. It was caused by displacement of a span and deformation of the rails when a tow of heavy barges collided with the rail bridge eight minutes earlier. 47 people were killed and 103 more were injured.[1] To date, it is both the deadliest train wreck in Amtrak's history and the worst rail disaster in the United States since the 1958 Newark Bay rail accident in which 48 lives were lost.

Big Bayou Canot rail accident
The wreck of the Sunset Limited at Big Bayou Canot
Details
DateSeptember 22, 1993, 28 years ago
2:53 am
LocationMobile, Alabama, U.S.
CountryUnited States
LineCSX Transportation
OperatorAmtrak
Incident typeDerailment
CauseBarge collision with bridge / wrong design[1]
Statistics
Trains1
Passengers220
Deaths47
Injured103

Events

Immediately prior to the accident, a barge being pushed by the towboat Mauvilla (owned and operated by Warrior and Gulf Navigation of Chickasaw, Alabama) had made a wrong turn on the Mobile River and entered the Big Bayou Canot, an un-navigable channel of water crossed by a CSX Transportation rail bridge.

The towboat's pilot, Willie Odom, was not properly trained on how to read his radar and so, due to very poor visibility in heavy fog and his lack of experience, did not realize he was off course. The boat also lacked a compass and a chart of the waters.[2] Odom believed that he was still on the Mobile River and had identified the bridge in the radar as another tug boat.[3] After the investigation, he was not found to be criminally liable for the accident.[3]

The bridge was struck by the Mauvilla at about 2:45 am. The span had been designed to rotate so it could be converted to a swing bridge by adding suitable equipment. No such conversion had ever been performed but the span had not been adequately secured against unintended movement. The collision forced the unsecured end of the bridge span approximately three feet out of alignment and severely kinked the track.[4][5]

At 2:53 a.m.,[1] Amtrak's Sunset Limited train, powered by three locomotives (one GE Genesis P40DC number 819 in the front and two EMD F40PHs, numbers 262 and 312) en route from Los Angeles, California, to Miami, Florida, with 220 passengers and crew aboard, crossed the bridge at around 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) and derailed at the kink. The first of its three locomotives slammed into the displaced span, causing that part of the bridge to collapse into the water beneath. The lead locomotive embedded itself nose-first into the canal bank and the other two locomotives, together with the baggage car, sleeping car and two of the six passenger cars, plunged into the water. The locomotives' fuel tanks, each of which held several thousand gallons of diesel fuel, ruptured upon impact,[1] resulting in a massive fuel spill and a fire. Forty-seven people, 42 of whom were passengers,[1] were killed – many by drowning, others by fire/smoke inhalation. Another 103 were injured. The towboat's four crew members were not injured.[1] Odom helped save seventeen people after the crash using the same towboat that had been pushing the barge that hit the bridge.[6] At the time of the derailment, the lead locomotive, number 819, had been in service with Amtrak for only twenty days.[7]

Despite the displacement of the bridge, the continuously welded rails did not break. As a result, the track circuit controlling the bridge approach block signals remained closed (intact) and the nearest signal continued to display a clear (green) aspect. Had one of the rails been severed by the bridge's displacement, the track circuit would have opened, causing the approach signal to display a stop (red) aspect and the preceding signal an amber (caution) approach indication. This might have given the Amtrak engineer sufficient time to stop his train or at least reduce its speed in an effort to minimize the accident's severity.

Fatal delay

An episode of the National Geographic Channel documentary series Seconds From Disaster examined the accident. In addition to corroborating findings of the official accident report, the program revealed that the train had been delayed in New Orleans by repairs to an air conditioner unit and a toilet. This had put it a half-hour behind schedule. If not for this delay, the Sunset Limited would have passed over the Big Bayou Canot bridge twenty minutes before the bridge was hit by the barge.[4][5]

Aftermath

As a result of its investigation of this accident, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) made a comprehensive series of recommendations, on September 19, 1994, to the U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Coast Guard, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Amtrak, the American Waterways Operators, Inc., the Warrior & Gulf Navigation Company, the Association of American Railroads, and the American Short Line Railroad Association.[1] Following a recommendation to maintain a record of onboard passenger numbers, Amtrak now records passenger lists electronically.[4]

Notable passengers
  • Eleven year-old wheelchair-bound Andrea Chancey, the "miracle child" with cerebral palsy whose parents both died in the crash.[6]
  • Ken Ivory and Michael Dopheide, honored by the Coast Guard for saving lives after the crash.[6]
  • Christian theologian R. C. Sproul was aboard the Sunset Limited at the time of the crash, and afterwards occasionally spoke or wrote about his experience.

See also

References
  1. "Derailment of Amtrak Train NO. 2 on the CSXT Big Bayou Canot Bridge Accident Report". National Transportation Safety Board. September 19, 1994. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  2. Labaton, Stephen (June 22, 1994). "Barge Pilot Blamed in Fatal Amtrak Wreck". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  3. "No Criminal Liability Is Found in Amtrak Bayou Derailment". Los Angeles Times. March 26, 1994. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  4. Wreck of the Sunset Limited episode of 'Seconds from Disaster', at IMDb, 10 August 2004
  5. Wreck of the Sunset Limited. National Geographic. Retrieved September 2, 2015 – via YouTube.
  6. "25 years later: Sunset Limited crash survivor relives each new Amtrak accident". Pensacola News Journal. September 15, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  7. "Not Just Another P40 – Amtrak 819". The Meridian Speedway. Retrieved December 18, 2017.

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