Bhadravarman I

Bhadravarman or Phạm Hồ Đạt (Chinese: 范胡达; pinyin: Fànhúdá; Vietnamese: Phạm Hồ Đạt, Sanskrit Bhadravarman, literally "Blessed armour" but also meaning the Jasminum sambac flower), was the king of Champa from 380 to 413.[1] In 380, Bhadravarman, the son or grandson of Fan Fo,[2]^:324 took the throne with the regal name Dharmamahārāja Śrī Bhadravarman I, "Great King of the Law Bhadravarman".[3]^{:29–30,148–149}

Bhadravarman I
King of Lâm Ấp
Reign	380–413
Predecessor	Phạm Phật
Successor	Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
Died	413

He is the first Champa king to have varman suffixed to his name. The use of the honorific title varman, very common amongst the Pallava dynasty kings, was borrowed by the kings of Cambodia.[4] Also the same year, the King moved the capital to Indrapura in Quảng Nam Province. He built temples and palaces, all facing north, at Mỹ Sơn and Trà Kiệu.[5]^:48 Significantly, Bhadravarman was a renowned scholar, well-versed in all four Vedas and the author of several inscriptions in Sanskrit. He invited learned Brahmins from India to settle in his kingdom.

In 399, Bhadravarman went on a military campaign up north and succeeded in capturing the Vietnamese provinces of Rinan and Jiuzhen (Vietnamese: Cửu Chân). He continued on his temple-building campaign as well, building Cham towers along the coast up north. From 405 to 413, he continuously battled the Chinese governor Do Tue. However, at their last confrontation, Bhadravarman disappeared without a trace after he was defeated by the governor.[6]

Two of his sons, Chen Chen and Na Neng were killed in 413, while another son, Ti Kai, fled with his mother. Bhadravarman's son, Ti Chen, Gangaraja, abdicated the throne and left for India. The kingdom then transitioned into civil war.[3]^:30,149

References

1. Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Altekar, Anant Sadashiv (1986). Vakataka - Gupta Age Circa 200-550 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0026-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
2. Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., ISBN 9786167339443
3. Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., ISBN 9747534991
4. "Across space and time". 29 March 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.
5. Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
6. Chapuis, Oscar (1 January 1995). A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29622-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)