Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos

Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos (Vila Rica, 27 August 1795 - Rio de Janeiro, 1 May 1850) was a Brazilian politician, journalist, judge and law expert of the Imperial era.

Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos
Personal details
Born	27 August 1795 Vila Rica, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Portuguese colony)
Died	1 May 1850 (aged 54) Rio de Janeiro, Neutral Municipality, Empire of Brazil
Political party	Liberal Party
Occupation	Politician

He is considered one of the most important political personalities of the imperial period, below only of Jose Bonifacio and the brothers Andrada, being one of the builders and idealizers of the Empire.

Political career

Vasconcelos begun his public service in 1825, as a member of the Government Council of the Province of Minas Gerais. Diamonds and the Doce river were two subjects of interest at the time, and he bravely fought the concession to the Diamond Company, prompting the council to represent the Emperor on his inconvenience, and the decree of May 6, 1825 approving the grant of the Doce River Agriculture, Commerce, Mining and Navigation Society, freely given to the British (defended by the Marquis of Baependi) when the river had long been navigable and the major obstacle to trade came not from waterfalls but from Botocudo Indians.

In 1825 also began his collaboration as main editor of the newspaper O Universal, published in Vila Rica (Ouro Preto). Thus, for 25 years, a man of precarious health, he kept uninterrupted work in drafting laws and codes, from the discussions in the provincial House of Representatives, until his unforeseen end. As soon as the Lower House was closed down, returned to Minas and took part in the works of the Government Council of the Province and later in the Provincial Assembly. In order to be able to go to court in March 1826, he sold a farmhouse.

He was a deputy in the first Legislative Chamber of the Empire. The first legislature of the Chamber of Deputies, which was installed in a solemn session on May 6, 1826, in the presence of the emperor, who recommends the adoption of complementary laws, decides on the diffusion of the smallpox vaccine, the regulation of relations between the Church and State; the process of expropriation to the fixation of the Armed Forces; the endowment of the imperial family, the reform of the Judiciary; public education, the creation of legal courses in São Paulo and Olinda; separation of powers and definition of competences; the responsibility of ministers of state for political crimes; the municipal administration and the Criminal Code of 1830, originating in the projects of Vasconcelos and José Clemente Pereira.

On August 7, 1826, he authored the project that created the Supreme Court of Justice, converted into law only in 1828 that abolished the Discharge of the Palace, in a major decentralization reform. He had an important part in the discussion about the foundation of legal courses, which he wanted in Rio de Janeiro, fighting against Bairista influences. In fact, there was the first commission of five important congressmen in the Brazilian parliamentary tradition, and Vasconcelos was part of it as rapporteur, along with Januário da Cunha Barbosa, Almeida and Albuquerque, Nicolau de Campos Vergueiro, and Lúcio de Gouveia. From the outset he imposed himself on his teammates and has since been in the foreground. Ungrateful efforts, for the Constitution of March 25, 1824, with its Moderating Power, a symbol of all political organization and privately delegated to the Emperor, "and the Executive Power also headed by the Emperor, inviolable, sacred and irresponsible" in the words of the historian Octavio Tarquinio de Sousa, did not fit easily into cabinet mechanisms. It is true that the Constitution was made to careers, but also the parliamentary regime was born suddenly ...

The constitutional Monarchy, then the preferred form of government of the Brazilian bourgeoisie, constituted the ideal of Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos. He was always guided by an English liberalism with a sincere liberal, without ever being an ideologue (attached to only theoretical constructions). The monarchist principle seemed to him the agglutinative element par excellence of a country shaken by internal struggles and threatened with secession. There are those who claim to be the key to all their attitudes in the phrase - "Why should we question what is best to do, if the tightness of our current circumstances only allows us to ask what can be done?"

José Pedro Xavier da Veiga, in Ephemerides Mineiras, says: "Practical and positive spirit until insensitivity, he recommended to social problems solutions according to the tangible interest of the State, although high principles of a moral order perished." Therefore, the coming of slaves Negroes to Brazil seemed to him an imperious necessity of civilization and the development of the country.

In 1826, D. João VI died, and the emperor was summoned to Portugal, absorbed by the complications of the Portuguese politics. And the unpopular war in the South, the origin of so many brutal recruitments, and resulting in the loss of the Cisplatina Province, gave rise to violence. The House was going to be closed and could not remedy it. Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos, however, worked hard and already in January 1827 announced in O Universal "at 1$600 per copy, the draft Code of the Empire", a criminal code that would perpetuate his name.