Berea, Ohio

Berea (/bəˈriːə/ bə-REE-ə)[7] is a city in Cuyahoga County in the U.S. state of Ohio and is a western suburb of Cleveland. The population was 19,093 at the 2010 census. Berea is home to Baldwin Wallace University, as well as the training facility for the Cleveland Browns and the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds. Also near Berea is the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport.

Berea, Ohio
City
Triangle area of downtown Berea
Location in Cuyahoga County and the state of Ohio.
Location of Ohio in the United States
Coordinates: 41°22′12″N 81°51′45″W
CountryUnited States
StateOhio
CountyCuyahoga
Government
 • MayorCyril M. Kleem (R)[1]
Area
 • Total5.79 sq mi (14.98 km2)
 • Land5.67 sq mi (14.69 km2)
 • Water0.11 sq mi (0.29 km2)
Elevation764 ft (233 m)
Population
 • Total19,093
 • Estimate 
(2019)[5]
18,609
 • Density3,280.85/sq mi (1,266.66/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
44017
Area code(s)440
FIPS code39-05690[6]
GNIS feature ID1072192[3]
Websitehttps://www.cityofberea.org/

History
John Baldwin named Berea and produced the grindstones that made the town famous.

Berea was established in 1836. The first European settlers were originally from Connecticut. Berea fell within Connecticut's Western Reserve and was surveyed and divided into townships and ranges by Gideon Granger, who served as Postmaster General under President Thomas Jefferson. Abram Hickox, a Revolutionary War veteran, bought the first plot in what is today Middleburg Heights and in 1808 traveled west from Connecticut to his new purchase. Dissuaded by the swampy and heavily forested land he decided to settle in Cleveland. He became successful as Cleveland's first full-time blacksmith. His plot of land was sold to his nephew, Jared Hickox, who came to the area with his wife Sarah and family in 1809. They followed an ancient Indian highway down through the forest from Cleveland and then, at what is now the corner of Bagley and Pearl roads, began to hack their way directly west. About two miles in they found Granger's plot markers and set up their homestead. Today this area is a strip mall on Bagley Road, just down the road from Berea. At the time Hickox discovered Granger's plot markers, the area was a swampy lowland and, as fate would have it, the Hickox's two grown up sons died from typhoid fever shortly after the family's arrival. The family farm was in dire straits, having been so severely depleted of male laborers. Love came to the rescue, however; and the area's spirits were lifted by its first marriage, that of Jared's daughter Amy Hickox to a recent arrival, Abijah Bagley. Bagley ended up taking over the farm and managing it into a successful concern. Today, Berea's largest street bears his name.

In 1827, educator John Baldwin moved to Middeburg Township where he joined forces with James Gilruth and Henry Olcott Sheldon, Methodist circuit preachers who wanted to form an ideal Christian community. In 1836, they pledged to pool all their properties to create a Utopian "Community of United Christians." Members of the Community vowed to avoid all luxuries and temptations that would prevent them from achieving the Methodist ideal of "sanctification," or perfect love of God. In 1836, Baldwin and the others of the Utopian Community tried to think of a name for their new town. Nehemiah Brown proposed Tabor (perhaps from the biblical Mount Tabor), but Henry Sheldon suggested Berea, citing the biblical Berea in the Acts 17:10-11. They decided to let God decide the Community's place name by flipping a coin, and the coin came up Berea. Financial disputes led to the dissolution of the Community and the departure of James Gilruth within a year. John Baldwin and Henry Sheldon then teamed up with Josiah Holbrook, the founder of the American Lyceum movement for adult and community education, to found the Berea Seminary, a central instructional facility for Lyceum teachers, and a Lyceum Village composed of community members dedicated to creation of an educated population. The Lyceum Village concept never caught on in Berea due to the 1838 Public School Act, but the idea of an ideal community centered around a school continued even after the Berea Seminary closed.[8] The failure of these two Utopian experiments left John Baldwin and Henry Sheldon in deep debt. However, Baldwin had since 1838 been making grindstones from sandstone in the creek bed of the Rocky River. In the 1840s, Henry Sheldon began selling them via the Erie Canal in New York State. This was the beginning of the Berea quarrying industry.[9][10] After the Big Four Railroad was built from Cleveland to Cincinnati, Baldwin built a railroad to connect his quarries to the Big Four Depot. [11]

In 1845, Baldwin convinced the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist Church to charter a new school: a new Utopian venture of sorts, because the new school, the Baldwin Institute, would provide education to all, regardless of sex, race, religious creed, or ability to pay. In 1855, it was renamed Baldwin University.[12] By the 1880s, the quarries had begun to intrude on the site of the university. In 1891, the school broke ground for a new campus at Front Street and Bagley Road. New buildings were constructed and old buildings were moved.[13] In 1866, James Wallace purchased the site of the Lyceum Village from the German Children's Home to become the German Wallace College Campus.[14] In 1913, Baldwin University and German-Wallace College merged to become Baldwin–Wallace College, now Baldwin Wallace University. Berea High School was the town's first high school, founded in 1882.

Berea sandstone
Welcome sign featuring grindstone

The geological stratum on which the city rests is the sedimentary formation Berea sandstone, a geological formation named after the city which extends across Ohio, eastern Pennsylvania, and northern Kentucky.[15] This comprises a sandstone laid down during the early Mississippian.[16] In the 19th and early 20th century, this formation was extensively quarried,[17] with the quarries eventually displacing the original main street of the town, as well as the original location of Baldwin University, which sold its five-acre campus to the quarries for $100,000 in 1888,[18] moving to a new location to the north.

After beginning of quarrying of the Berea sandstone in the 1830s, Baldwin initially shipped grindstones to Cleveland by ox carts, and later the quarries were connected to the railroad by a spur line. Berea proclaims itself "The Grindstone Capital of the World".[19] The town's symbol is a grindstone, a tribute to the many grindstones that came out of its quarries.

The quarries also provided sandstone that was extensively used as a construction material, in the form of Berea dimension stone. Huge amounts of it came from Berea, and were used architecturally in many important buildings.[17][20][21][22][upper-alpha 1] The quarries closed in the late 1930s, when concrete came into wide use for construction. Several lakes in the area are former quarry pits that have been allowed to fill with water, including Baldwin Lake, Wallace Lake and Coe Lake.

Geography

Berea is located at 41°22′12″N 81°51′45″W (41.369950, -81.862591).[23] It is located west of Brook Park and Middleburg Heights.

According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 5.83 square miles (15.1 km2), of which 5.72 square miles (14.8 km2) (or 98.11%) is land and 0.11 square miles (0.28 km2) (or 1.89%) is water.[24]

The east branch of the Rocky River runs through Berea, providing its water supply for most of the year. The Cleveland Metroparks Rocky River Reservation[25] and Mill Stream Run Reservation[26] run through the city.

Congressional district

Since January 3, 2013, Berea has been split between two congressional districts, lying partly in Ohio's 16th congressional district and partly in Ohio's 9th congressional district.[27][28] The 9th district has been called "The Mistake by the Lake" and one of the "Top 5 Ugliest Districts" due to gerrymandering.[29][30]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18701,628—
18801,6823.3%
18902,53350.6%
19002,510−0.9%
19102,6093.9%
19202,95913.4%
19305,69792.5%
19406,0255.8%
195012,051100.0%
196016,59237.7%
197022,39635.0%
198019,636−12.3%
199019,051−3.0%
200018,970−0.4%
201019,0930.6%
2019 (est.)18,609[5]−2.5%
U.S. Decennial Census

2010 census

As of the census[4] of 2010, there were 19,093 people, 7,471 households, and 4,390 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,337.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,288.8/km2). There were 7,958 housing units at an average density of 1,391.3 per square mile (537.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.8% White, 6.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 7,471 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.2% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 17.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 13.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 18,970 people, 7,173 households, and 4,468 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,475.9 people per square mile (1,341.5/km2). There were 7,449 housing units at an average density of 1,364.9 per square mile (526.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.48% White, 5.13% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.61% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population.

There were 7,173 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 65 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 16.2% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,699, and the median income for a family was $59,194. Males had a median income of $39,769 versus $29,078 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,647. About 2.6% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Public schools in Berea are part of the Berea City School District, which also contains schools in Brook Park and Middleburg Heights.

High schools

Berea–Midpark High School, in the city of Berea proper

Middle schools
  • Berea-Midpark Middle School

Elementary schools
  • Grindstone Elementary
  • Brookview Elementary
  • Brookpark Memorial
  • Big Creek Elementary

Only Grindstone is in the City of Berea proper.

Bach festival

Baldwin-Wallace College is the home of the Riemenschneider Bach Institute, a research institute devoted to J. S Bach.[upper-alpha 2]

The first collegiate Bach festival in America was founded in 1932 by music educator Albert Riemenschneider and his wife Selma. The couple had a mission: to enrich the lives of Northeast Ohio residents by bringing the world's greatest Bach soloists to the stage of Baldwin Wallace University, while offering the school's Conservatory students an unparalleled opportunity to experience the highest performance standards of their day.

As Riemenschneider conceived it, the festival would rotate Bach's four major works – the Mass in B minor, the St. John Passion, the St. Matthew Passion and the Christmas Oratorio – every four years in sequence. Since the inception of the Festival, Baldwin Wallace students perform the major choral and orchestral works with a cast of internationally renowned vocal soloists, faculty and local professionals.

Notable people

National Register of Historic Places
  • Lyceum Square, original site of the Lyceum Village and German Wallace College
  • Recitation Hall, now Wheeler Hall was the 1st building on the new north campus.
  • The Big Quarry at its busiest.[21]
  • The Big Quarry was filled in after closing and is now Coe Lake, hosting a lakefront park.

References

Notes
  1. Nearby Amherst, Ohio claimed to be "The Sandstone Center of the World."
  2. The Institute houses a collection of items unique to Bach and his circle; it also holds classic vocal recordings.[31]

Citations
  1. "Cyril M Kleem from Berea, Ohio". Voterrecords.com. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  2. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  3. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  5. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  6. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  7. "Pronunciation Guide to Places in Ohio". E. W. Scripps School of Journalism. 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  8. Indira Gesink, "The Community of United Christians," Barefoot Millionaire, 2nd ed., 2015.
  9. Gesink, "Grindstone Salvation," Barefoot Millionaire, 2nd ed., 2015
  10. Webber 1925, pp. 45-46.
  11. Webber 1925, p. 50.
  12. Gesink, "Open to All," Barefoot Millionaire, 2nd ed., 2015
  13. Ohio Historical Marker 61-18 (2003)
  14. Ohio Historical Marker 23-18 (2001)
  15. Pepper, J. F.; de Witt, Wallace, Jr.; Demarest, D. F., 1954, Geology of the Bedford shale and Berea sandstone in the Appalachian basin, USGS Professional Paper 259, retrieved 25 November 2015
  16. deWitt, Wallace, Jr., Age of the Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone, and Simbury Shale in the Appalachian and Michigan Basins, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1294-G (1970), retrieved 25 November 2015
  17. "Berea Grit Sandstone 2014". Berea Historical Society. Retrieved November 7, 2014. from Sego, Mickey (1996). Then There Was None.
  18. Turner, Karl, "Quarry gobbled up Berea's Main Street", cleveland.com, August 31, 2007, retrieved 25 November 2015
  19. Kucinich, Dennis (2012-09-21). "In Honor of the City of Berea". Congressional Record. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
  20. "Cleveland Quarries: Home of the legendary Berea Sandstone". Cleveland Quarries. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  21. "Marker #16-18 Berea Sandstone Quarries / The "Big Quarry"". Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  22. Kanaan, George D. "A History Set in Stone". Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  23. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  24. "2010 Census U.S. Gazetteer Files for Places – Ohio". United States Census. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
  25. Cleveland Metroparks, Rocky River Reservation. Retrieved 25 November 2015
  26. Cleveland Metroparks, Mill Stream Run Reservation. Retrieved 25 November 2015
  27. "Ohio's 9th congressional district elections, 2012". Ballotpedia. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
  28. Alex M. Parker (February 9, 2012). "Friendly Fire Coming in House Re-Elections?". U.S. News and World Report.
  29. Kevin Milliken (January 16, 2012). "Kaptur, Kucinich square off for one congressional seat". La Prensa.
  30. Shira Toeplitz (November 10, 2011). "Top 5 Ugliest Districts: Partisan Gerrymandering 101". Roll Call.
  31. "Riemenschneider". Bach Institute Library. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  32. American Writer, June 7, 2016

Sources
  • Webber, A.R. (1925). Life of John Baldwin, Sr. of Berea, Ohio. Cincinnati(?): Caxton Press. OCLC 664171.
  • Gesink, Indira Falk (2015). Barefoot Millionaire: John Baldwin and the Founding Values of Baldwin Wallace University. Berea: Baldwin Wallace University.
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