Benoy Basu
Benoy Krishna Basu (Bengali: বিনয় কৃষ্ণ বসু Binôe Boshu) or Benoy Basu or Benoy Bose (1908–1930) was an Indian revolutionary against British rule in India, who is noted for launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie square in Kolkata, along with Badal Gupta and Dinesh Chandra Gupta.[1]
Benoy Krishna Basu | |
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বিনয় কৃষ্ণ বসু | |
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| Born | 11 September 1908 |
| Died | 13 December 1930 (aged 22) |
| Other names | Binoy Bose |
| Alma mater | Mitford Medical School (now Sir Salimullah Medical College) |
| Known for | Writers' Building attack |
| Memorials |
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Early life
Basu was born on 11 September 1908, in the village Rohitbhog in the Munshiganj District, now in Bangladesh. His father, Rebatimohan Basu was an engineer.[2]
After passing the Matriculation Examination in Dhaka, Benoy enrolled into the Mitford Medical School (now Sir Salimullah Medical College). Under the influence of Hemchandra Ghosh, a revolutionary of Dhaka, Benoy joined the 'Mukti Sangha', a secret society closely connected with the Jugantar Party. He could not complete medical studies due to his association with revolutionary activities.
Revolutionary activities
Basu and his peer revolutionaries joined Bengal Volunteers - a group organised by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1928, at the occasion of Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. Soon Benoy started a local unit of the organisation in Dhaka, named Bengal Volunteers in Dacca. Later, the Bengal Volunteers became a more active revolutionary association and prepared a plan of "Operation Freedom" against the police repression in Bengal, especially against the inhuman conduct with the political prisoners in different jails.
In August 1930, the revolutionary group planned to kill Lowman, the Inspector General of Police who was due to present in the Medical School Hospital to see an ailing senior police official undergoing treatment. On 29 August 1930, Benoy casually clad in traditional Bengali attire, breached the security and fired at close range. Lowman died instantly and Hodson, the Superintendent of police, was grievously injured.
His identity was never a secret. A copy of his photo was taken out of college magazine and pasted all over. A reward of Rs. 10,000/- was announced. But Benoy was far from helping someone receiving it. He was ultimately caught only to die at the Medical College Hospital in Kolkata, after the Battle of the Verandah. In August, there are torrential rains in East Bengal. One such morning two Muslim villagers, with tatters covering their bare bodies were seen wading through knee-deep water. The nearest railway station, Dolaiganj, was their destination. They entered the platform which was swarming with policemen. Benoy's photo was pasted all around. The train from Dhaka to Narayanganj arrived. Every compartment was searched thoroughly. Benoy and his companion got into a third-class compartment which was already over-crowded. When the train reached Narayanganj, the police searched not only the train but had the instructions to search the boats also. A river had to be crossed before one could reach Kolkata. Benoy came to know of it through his own sources. When the train slowed near a flag station, he began to walk towards the Ghat for a boat. They had to hire one to cross the turbulent Meghna. They changed their address, from Muslim beggars in tatters to one of a Zamindar with a servant. For a while they had to travel by a steamer. The whole episode was like a scene from a film. The name of the companion was Supati Roy. On reaching the city, they avoided Sealdah, the terminus, and got down at Dum Dum, a small way-side station. The journey from there to the slum area of No. 7, Waliullah lane in Central Kolkata, was somewhat uneventful. A senior activist Haridas Dutta arranged shelter for them but a long stay for unknown persons might arouse suspicion. Benoy shifted to a colliery at Katras Garh and from there to a peaceful place in North Kolkata. But he always had the premonition that the police would soon find him out. His fear proved correct when the police chief, Sir Charles Tegart, arrived there with a posse of policemen. By this point, however, Benoy had fled.
The last battle
The next target was Lt Colonel N.S. Simpson of the Indian Imperial Police and the then Inspector General of Police(Prisons), who was infamous for inflicting the worst of atrocities on the inmates of the jails. The revolutionaries decided not only to murder him, but also to strike terror in the British official circles by launching an attack on the Secretariat Building – the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie square in Kolkata.
On 8 December 1930, Benoy along with Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta, dressed in European attire, entered the Writers' Building and shot dead Simpson in his office. Simpson was shot seven times with three bullets to his head.
With the Police Headquarters adjacent to the secretariat, reinforcements soon arrived and the building was put under lockdown. The revolutionaries managed to evade the responders for Some time but were eventually cornered on the second-floor verandah. Thus, The Statesman termed this fight between the trio and the police force as the corridor warfare. What followed was a short and bloody skirmish as police swarmed into the verandah from both ends. Senior European officers like McGregor, Twynam, Prentice, Nelson, and Gresham suffered injuries during the shooting.
Soon they were nearly out of ammunition However, the three did not wish to be arrested. Badal took potassium cyanide, while Benoy and Dinesh shot themselves with their own revolvers
. Benoy was taken to the hospital but he died on 13 December 1930 because he constantly kept injuring himself in the spot where the bullet had hit him.
Significance
The martyrdom and self-sacrifice of Benoy, Badal, and Dinesh inspired further revolutionary activities in Bengal in particular and India in general.
After Indian independence, the Dalhousie square was named B. B. D. Bagh - after the Benoy-Badal-Dinesh trio. In memory of their writers' attack, a plate was engraved in the wall of Writers' Building, first floor.
References
- Basu, Raj Sekhar (2012). "Basu, Benoy Krishna". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- "Benoy Basu". Indian Freedom Fighters. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
Bibliography
- Hemendranath Dasgupta, Bharater Biplab Kahini, II & III, Calcutta, 1948;
- Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, History of the Freedom Movement in India, III, Calcutta 1963;
- Ganganarayan Chandra, Abismaraniya, Calcutta, 1966.