Battle of N'Djamena (1979)

The Battle of N'Djamena in 1979 also called First Battle of N'Djamena was a battle fought between government forces loyal to the President Malloum and FAN rebels led by Prime Minister Habre. After three days of street fighting in N'Djamena, Sudan mediated the conflict between the two parties. After three days of negotiations Malloum and Habre agreed to a ceasefire.[1]

Battle of N'Djamena (1979)
Part of the Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)
Date12 February 1979 - 15 February 1979
Location
N'Djamena, Chad
Result Ceasefire agreement
Belligerents
FAN rebels Government of Chad
Commanders and leaders
Hissène Habré Félix Malloum
Casualties and losses
Several thousand civilians killed
Unknown number of military casualties

Background
Further information: Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)

Hissène Habré was previously a commander of FROLINAT rebels, before splitting from FROLINAT together with Goukouni Oueddei after Abba Siddick assumed leadership of FROLINAT. After disagreements with Oueddei, Habré formed his own rebel group called Armed Forces of the North. In August 1978 he allied with President Félix Malloum who gave him the posts of Prime Minister and Vice President.[2][3] In January 1979, Habré and Malloum disagreed over the interpretation of the reconciliation charter which started military hostilities in the city.[1]

The Battle

The battle began on 12 February 1979, when FAN rebels and the Military of Chad engaged in open warfare in the city. The Chadian military carried out massacres against the city's Muslim population, during which several thousand civilians were killed.[4] The fighting ended on 15 February, when negotiations mediated by President of Sudan Numayri had begun.[1]

Aftermath

FROLINAT rebels used the fighting in N'Djamena and breakdown of central government to launch a new offensive in the north.[4]

Further conflict between Habré and Malloum caused several countries to try to mediate the conflict, which resulted in a new national government being formed in November 1979. In this government Habré was appointed as a Minister of Defense. However fighting soon resumed. In December 1980 Habré fled to Sudan in exile during the closing days of the Second Battle of N'Djamena.[3]

References
  1. "71. Chad (1960-present)". uca.edu. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  2. Collelo, Thomas, ed. (1990) [December 1988]. A Country Study: Chad (PDF) (Second ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
  3. Meredith, Martin (2005). The Fate of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence (1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 9781586482466.
  4. Hollick, Julian (August 1982). "Civil war in Chad, 1978 - 1982". The World Today. 38: 298 – via JSTOR.
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