Battle of Kulbiyow

The Battle of Kulbiyow took place on 27 January 2017, when al-Shabaab militants attacked and took control of the military base and town of Kulbiyow, held by the Somali Armed Forces and the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF).

Battle of Kulbiyow
Part of the War in Somalia

An Al-Shabaab fighter inside the Kulbiyow military base following the battle.
Date27 January 2017
Location
Kulbiyow, Somalia
Result Major Al-Shabaab victory[1]
Belligerents
Al-Shabaab

AMISOM

Federal Government of Somalia
Commanders and leaders
Unknown Maj. Denis Girenge (WIA)[2]
(Company OC)
Maj. Mwangi †[3]
(Artillery Battery Commander)
Capt. Silas Ekidor †[3]
(Infantry Second Officer in Charge)
Capt. Nur Muhidin[4]
(Somali commander)
Units involved
Saleh al Nabhan Battalion[5]

Kenya Army

Somali Armed Forces
Strength

150–Hundreds[6][lower-alpha 1]

250[2]

  • 120[4]
  • Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown[lower-alpha 2] 40–67+[lower-alpha 3] KDF soldiers killed, several captured[5]
Several killed[4]

Background

On 25 January, the Kenyan troops from Kulbiyow attacked a base of Al-Shabaab at Badhadhe, though the attack was repelled.[8] On the next day, the Kenyans received intelligence about an impending counter-attack by the Jihadists, so that soldiers were sent on scouting missions to help gather more information and to prepare Kulbiyow's defences.[3] At the time, the base was held by 250 Kenyan and Somali soldiers.[2][4] The core of the base garrison was formed by the 15 Kenya Rifles' C Company[2] of 120 men,[4] organized into four platoons.[9] The Kenyan company also included a howitzer battery as well as several mortars.[2]

When the attack eventually began on the night of 26–27 January, it was launched from Badhadhe,[8] and was led by the Saleh al-Nabhan Battalion, an Al-Shabaab unit which had already won some renown by partaking in the major Islamist victory of El Adde in the previous year.[5] Furthermore, several of the attackers were reportedly Arab foreign mujahideen, who appeared to be especially well trained and battle-hardened.[7]

Battle

When Al-Shabaab forces began moving towards Kulbiyow, they were spotted by an AMISOM surveillance drone around midnight; in response, the Kenyans at Kulbiyow began firing mortars and artillery at the militants. This bombardment lasted about 50 minutes, whereupon the base's defenders assumed that they had repelled the Al-Shabaab fighters, and resumed their normal routines.[3][2]

Just 20 minutes later, however, the drone spotted more militants approaching the base. This renewed attack caught the defenders largely by surprise, and they were not able to stop an explosive-laden truck that was driven by an Al-Shabaab suicide bomber into the base. Though the car bomb was finally destroyed by a Kenyan soldier who fired an 84mm anti-tank gun at it, the vehicle had already breached the base's outer perimeter by this point.[3] An infantry strike force, between 150 and a few hundred militants strong, then stormed the base, supported by mobile artillery.[6][lower-alpha 1] A brutal and confusing firefight began. Captain Silas Ekidor, the Kenyan second-in-command, attempted to reorganise the defences and rallied several soldiers to his position but was killed by a second car bomb. The Artillery Battery commander, Major Mwangi, was also killed at some point during the fighting.[3] Meanwhile, two of the four Kenyan platoons present had begun to retreat under the orders of their commanders, leaving the two other platoons alone to face the attackers.[9]

Soon after, the base's inner defences were breached by a third bomb-laden truck, whose explosion allowed the Al-Shabaab fighters to overrun the remaining defenders; the surviving pro-government forces were forced to flee into the bush, as the militants pursued them.[4][10] The battle had lasted around 90 minutes,[8] with Al-Shabaab later claiming to have killed more than 67 KDF soldiers and capture several more.[5][lower-alpha 3] Accordingly, the two platoons that had retreated survived, while the two units which had remained at the base and continued to fight were almost completely destroyed.[9]

"Indeed, Allah has promised you much spoils of war."

Quote from Al-Fath, used by Al-Shabaab to describe the battle's outcome.[5]

With the retreat of the pro-government forces, Al-Shabaab was left in full control of both the base as well as the nearby town, and the insurgents proceeded to take vehicles and supplies while burning the military vehicles they could not use.[5][8][4][10] Meanwhile, Kenyan Harbin Z-9 attack helicopters arrived at the battle site and began to fire at the militants, forcing them to scatter,[3] though the insurgents appeared to have been able to withdraw with much loot in good order.[5] Hours later, Kenyan ground forces arrived at Kulbiyow and took possession of the military base.[3]

Aftermath

The KDF later denied the high number of killed Kenyan soldiers as Al-Shabaab propaganda, with one KDF spokesman even refusing to admit that the base had fallen in the first place: "[Kenyan] soldiers repulsed the terrorists, killing scores."[5][4] The Kenyan government even tried to portray the battle as victory for the KDF, which was disproven as soon as eyewitness reports emerged.[6] A Somali officer who had survived the attack, however, described the battle as "disaster",[4] while a Kenyan officer who arrived at Kulbiyow after the battle said "it was a horrendous scene" in regard to the many killed soldiers lying around.[9]

The attack was believed by analysts to have primarily been a propaganda coup by Al-Shabaab, which wanted not only to prove that it still was "a force to be reckoned with", but possibly also influence the upcoming elections in Kenya, where the mission in Somalia was increasingly questioned due to high casualties among the KDF. Directly after the Kulbiyow raid, Kenyan opposition leader Raila Odinga once again reaffirmed his position that the KDF should retreat from Somalia.[1][6]

Notes
  1. The KDF claimed that 1,000 militants attacked the camp.[2]
  2. Locals said "dozens" of militants had been killed,[8] while the KDF claimed that Al-Shabaab had lost 70 fighters.[1] One KDF corporal even claimed to have seen at least 200 dead insurgents at the base.[2]
  3. The KDF initially claimed that only nine Kenyans had died during the fighting,[1] but later admitted that at least 21 soldiers had been killed and 44 wounded.[2] On the other side, local residents estimated that around 40 Kenyans had been killed,[4] while around 50 dead soldiers could be seen in Al-Shabaab propaganda videos of the attack;[5] Al-Shabaab itself first claimed to have killed 51 soldiers,[1] though later raised this number to over 67.[5]

References
  1. Harun Maruf (29 January 2017). "Analysis: With one attack, al-Shabaab targets three elections". Daily Maverick.
  2. Fred Mukinda (5 February 2018). "KDF commander recounts Shabaab attack". Daily Nation. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  3. Nyambega Gisesa (30 January 2017). "Kenya: Gallant Soldiers Fought to Their Last Breath to Repulse Attackers". AllAfrica.com.
  4. Jason Burke (27 January 2017). "Witnesses say dozens killed in al-Shabaab attack on Kenyan troops". The Guardian.
  5. Caleb Weiss (31 January 2017). "Shabaab details deadly raid on Kenyan military base in Somalia". Long War Journal.
  6. Anzalone (2018), p. 13.
  7. Abdikarim Hussein (1 February 2017). "KDF survivor reveals more DISTURBING details of the Kulbiyow attack". tuko.
  8. Harun Maruf (27 January 2017). "Al-Shabab Captures Somali Military Base". Voice of America.
  9. Moses Michira (29 January 2017). "Kulbiyow camp battle left 68 patriots dead". The Standard (Kenya).
  10. "Al-Shabab claims to have killed dozens of Kenyan troops". Al Jazeera. 27 January 2017.

Bibliography

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