Bandwing

Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers are the subfamily Oedipodinae[1] of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.[2] Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

Bandwings
Austroicetes vulgaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Caelifera
Family: Acrididae
Subfamily: Oedipodinae
Walker, 1871
Tribes

See text

Synonyms

Locustidae Kirby, 1825
Locustinae Kirby, 1825
Oedipodidae Walker, 1871

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.

Defense

When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the Blue-winged grasshopper for butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.

Tribes and genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:[3]

Tribe Acrotylini

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

Acrotylus patruelis

Tribe Anconiini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

Tribe Arphiini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

Arphia xanthoptera

Tribe Bryodemini

Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: Europe, Asia

Bryodemella tuberculata
  • Andrea (insect) Mishchenko, 1989
  • Angaracris Bei-Bienko, 1930
  • Bryodema Fieber, 1853
  • Bryodemacris Benediktov, 1998
  • Bryodemella Yin, 1982 including Bryodemella tuberculata
  • Circotettix Scudder, 1876
  • Compsorhipis Saussure, 1889
  • Uvaroviola Bei-Bienko, 1930

Tribe Chortophagini

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

Chortophaga viridifasciata

Tribe Epacromiini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia

Aiolopus thalassinus
  • Aiolopus Fieber, 1853
  • Demirsoyus Sirin & Çiplak, 2004
  • Duroniella Bolívar, 1908
  • Epacromius Uvarov, 1942
  • Heteropternis Stål, 1873
  • Hilethera Uvarov, 1923
  • Jasomenia Bolívar, 1914
  • Paracinema Fischer, 1853
  • Platypygius Uvarov, 1942

Tribe Hippiscini

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas

Hippiscus ocelote

Tribe Locustini

Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

Locusta migratoria migratorioides female (solitary)

Tribe Macherocerini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

  • Machaerocera Saussure, 1859

Tribe Oedipodini

Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia

Oedipoda caerulescens
  • Celes (insect) Saussure, 1884
  • Mioscirtus Saussure, 1888
  • Ochyracris Zheng, 1991
  • Oedipoda Latreille, 1829
  • Oedipodacris Willemse, 1932

Tribe Parapleurini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893[5] (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia

Stethophyma magister
  • Ceracris Walker, 1870
  • Ceracrisoides Liu, 1985
  • Formosacris Willemse, 1951
  • Mecostethus Fieber, 1852
  • Parapleurodes Ramme, 1941
  • Stethophyma Fischer, 1853
  • Yiacris Zheng & Chen, 1993

Tribe Psinidiini

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

Psinidia fenestralis

Tribe Sphingonotini

Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia

Sphingonotus sp.
  • Conipoda Saussure, 1884
  • Conozoa Saussure, 1884
  • Cophotylus Krauss, 1902
  • Dissosteira Scudder, 1876
  • Eusphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  • Heliopteryx Uvarov, 1914
  • Helioscirtus Saussure, 1884
  • Hyalorrhipis Saussure, 1884
  • Microtes Scudder, 1900
  • Phaeonotus Popov, 1951
  • Pseudoceles Bolívar, 1899
  • Quadriverticis Zheng, 1999
  • Spharagemon Scudder, 1875
  • Sphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  • Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852 including Sphingonotus caerulans (synonym Wernerella Karny, 1907)[7]
  • Tetramerotropis Saussure, 1888
  • Thalpomena Saussure, 1884
  • Trimerotropis Stål, 1873
  • Vosseleriana Uvarov, 1924

Tribe Trilophidiini

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia

Trilophidia conturbata

Tribe Trimerotropini

Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas

Tribe Tropidolophini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

Tropidolophus formosus

Tribe incertae sedis
Chortoicetes terminifera
  • Angaracrisoides Gong & Zheng, 2003
  • Asphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  • Atympanum Yin, 1982
  • Aulocaroides Werner, 1913
  • Aurilobulus Yin, 1979
  • Austroicetes Uvarov, 1925
  • Brancsikellus Berg, 1899
  • Chloebora Saussure, 1884
  • Chondronotulus Uvarov, 1956
  • Chortoicetes Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
  • Crinita Dirsh, 1949
  • Cyanicaudata Yin, 1979
  • Diraneura Scudder, 1897
  • Dittopternis Saussure, 1884
  • Elmisia Dirsh, 1949
  • Eokingdonella Yin, 1984
  • Eremoscopus Bei-Bienko, 1951
  • Eurysternacris Chopard, 1947
  • Fitzgeraldia Uvarov, 1952
  • Flatovertex Zheng, 1981
  • Granada (insect) Koçak & Kemal, 2008
  • Homoeopternis Uvarov, 1953
  • Humbe (insect) Bolívar, 1882
  • Jinabia Uvarov, 1952
  • Kinshaties Zheng, 1977
  • Leptopternis Saussure, 1884
  • Mecistopteryx Saussure, 1888
  • Morphacris Walker, 1870
  • Nepalacris Balderson & Yin, 1987
  • Oreacris Bolívar, 1911
  • Promesosternus Yin, 1982
  • Pseudaiolopus Hollis, 1967
  • Pycnocrania Uvarov, 1941
  • Pycnodella Descamps, 1965
  • Pycnodictya Stål, 1873
  • Pycnostictus Saussure, 1884
  • Qualetta Sjöstedt, 1921
  • Rashidia Uvarov, 1933
  • Tibetacris Chen, 1964
  • Tmetonota Saussure, 1884
  • Zimbabwea Miller, 1949
  • †Mioedipoda Stidham & Stidham, 2000
  • †Nymphacrida Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
  • †Oedemastopoda Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994

The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies. [8] [9] [10] [11]

References
  1. Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 28 January 2018)
  2. Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 102
  4. Hippopedon at Orthoptera Species File Online
  5. Parapleurini at Orthoptera Species File Online
  6. Lactista at Orthoptera Species File Online
  7. Sphingonotus at Orthoptera species File Online
  8. Cibolacris at Orthoptera Species File Online
  9. Oedipodinae at Orthoptera Species File Online
  10. Daniel Otte, 1982, 'The North American Grasshoppers, Volume 1: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae', Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674626607
  11. DCF Rentz, RC Lewis, YN Su & MS Upton, 2003, 'A Guide to Australian Grasshoppers and Locusts', Natural History Publications (Borneo). ISBN 983-812-074-X , ISBN 978-983-812-074-6
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