Azorina

Azorina is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the family Campanulaceae, whose sole species, the Azorina vidalii, is endemic to the Azores.[2] Its fragmented population is made up of fewer than 1000 mature plants limited to the coastlines of several of the islands.

Azorina
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Subfamily: Campanuloideae
Genus: Azorina
Feer
Species:
A. vidalii
Binomial name
Azorina vidalii
(H.C.Watson) Feer

History
A cluster of Vidalii on the coast of Manadas on the island of São Jorge

It was first harvested by Watson, along the coast of Santa Cruz on the Azorean island of Flores, during his botanical expedition in 1843.[3][4] It was initially designated Campanula vidalii by Watson and published in 1844.[3]

Its ecology has been presented in an inconsistent manner; it has been referred to as adapting to cracks in the sea cliffs, or to deposits, and in abrupt and sandy slopes.[3][5]

Azorina vidalii was protected by the Bern Convention in 1992 (Annex I) and by the Habitats Directive 140/99 (Diário da República, Anexo 2B), where it was considered a priority species in critical risk; it is an endangered species due to habitat degradation by invasive species, pollution, and development.[3][6]

It diverged from its ancestral descendants around 8.3±1.7 million years ago, associated with its first island of colonization, Santa Maria (Olesen et al., 2012), which formed 8-10 million years ago (Serralheiro & Madeira, 1993).[3] Carine et al. (2004) and Fernández-Palacios et al. (2011) also refer to the existence of submarine mounts, formerly immersed, that functioned as stepping-stones from the continent.[3] At the same time, Azorina vidalii is not vulnerable to the rise in temperature and prefers the zones along the coast to propagate.[3]

References

Notes
  1. Bilz, M. (2013), "Azorina vidalii", IUCN, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, retrieved 21 August 2013
  2. "Azorina". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  3. Rúben Coelho (2014), p.17
  4. Watson (1844)
  5. Sjögren (1984)
  6. M. Bliz (2011)

Sources
  • Coelho, Rúben (1 October 2014), Plano de Gestão e Conservação de Azorina vidalii (Wats.) Feer (in Portuguese), Angra do Heroísmo: University of the Azores


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