Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg

Auguste Charles Eugène Napoléon de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg (9 December 1810 – 28 March 1835) was the first prince consort of Maria II of Portugal. Besides being the 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg and 2nd Prince of Eichstätt, he also held the Brazilian noble title of Duke of Santa Cruz.

Prince Auguste
Duke of Santa Cruz
Portrait by G. Dury, c. 1835
Prince consort of Portugal
Tenure26 January 1835 –
28 March 1835
Duke of Leuchtenberg
Tenure21 February 1824 –
28 March 1835
PredecessorPrince Eugène
SuccessorPrince Maximilian
Born(1810-12-09)9 December 1810
Milan, Lombardy
Died28 March 1835(1835-03-28) (aged 24)
Lisbon, Portugal
Burial
Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1834)​
Full name
Auguste Charles Eugène Napoléon de Beauharnais
HouseBeauharnais
FatherEugène de Beauharnais
MotherPrincess Augusta of Bavaria
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Family

Being born in Milan, Lombardy, Auguste was the eldest son of Eugène de Beauharnais, Napoleon I's stepson, and Princess Augusta of Bavaria. His dynastic connections were exceptional, considering his paternal lineage: among his sisters were Joséphine, Queen consort of Oscar I of Sweden, and Amélie, Empress consort of his future father-in-law Pedro I of Brazil. Later, his brother Maximilian would wed Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, eldest daughter of Tsar Nicholas I.

Duke of Leuchtenberg

His maternal grandfather, King Maximilian I of Bavaria, had given Eugène the title "Duke of Leuchtenberg" on 14 November 1817, after the loss in 1815 of his Napoleonic titles and the associated expectancies of the Kingdom of Italy and the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. Despite the promise of an independent principality inserted into the final treaty, the Congress of Vienna adjourned without creating a state for Eugène, so Auguste and his siblings had no inheritance. To the empty Leuchtenberg ducal title had been added the estate of Eichstätt in dowry, made a nominal principality, also by King Maximilian. Eugène's eldest son Auguste was heir to this modest property, which he inherited when Eugène died on 21 February 1824.

On 4 February 1831 Leuchtenberg was one of three candidates for the throne of the newly independent Belgium, his Napoleonic connections allaying the concerns of some of the Great Powers worried that the breakaway Roman Catholic realm might otherwise ally itself too closely with the likewise Catholic and revolutionary "bourgeois monarchy" of Orléans France. But in the election by the Belgian National Congress, Auguste came in second after the younger son of the King of the French, Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours, though ahead of the Habsburg candidate, Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen. In the event, none of these men attained the Belgian throne, which went to Britain's candidate, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg.

He escorted his sister Amélie to Brazil for her marriage to Emperor Pedro I and was created by his new brother-in-law, Duke of Santa Cruz on 5 November 1829.[1]

Prince consort of Portugal
Coat of Arms of Auguste.

On 26 May 1834, young Queen Maria II of Portugal was restored to the throne of Portugal, gifted to her by the abdication – and subsequent conquest in war – of her father, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, who had to do battle against the usurpation of his rebellious younger brother, Dom Miguel.

Maria's childhood betrothal to Dom Miguel was broken so that a more pliant husband could be found to beget a new Portuguese dynasty, one whose loyalty might prove more trustworthy if he had no other prospects, such that he would be entirely beholden for his dynastic fortune to Portugal's constitutional regime. The Queen obligingly settled on Auguste de Beauharnais who, once again, proved unthreatening to the Great Powers because of his lack of membership in an already reigning dynasty and lack of conflicting foreign obligations or ambitions. He was also the eldest brother of Maria's stepmother Empress Amélie, her late father's second wife.

Auguste and Maria II were married by proxy in Munich on 1 December 1834. The groom was almost twenty-four years old and the bride fifteen years old. On his wedding day his bride conferred upon him the Portuguese style of "His Royal Highness The Prince Consort of Portugal".[2]

He arrived in Portugal shortly thereafter, and the couple were wed in person in Lisbon on 26 January 1835. However Auguste fell ill and died only two months later.

Childless at the time of his death, Auguste left as heir in Bavaria his younger brother, who became the 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg, and briefly Auguste's successor in ownership of Eichstätt which, however, he returned to the Bavarian king in 1855 upon deciding to make his home in Russia, the realm of his own father-in-law.

A year later Maria II married Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, a nephew of the Coburg prince who had beat out her first husband in competition for the constitutional crown of Belgium.[2]

Because Auguste died before fathering an heir to the Portuguese throne, he never became Maria's co-monarch, which Maria's next husband did in 1837, becoming founder of the Coburg-Braganza Dynasty.

Honours

Ancestry

References
  1. "Colecção de Atos do Poder Imperial" (PDF). Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. November 5, 1829. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  2. de Sousa, Manuel (2000). Reis e Rainhas de Portugal. Mem-Martins: SporPress - Sociedade Editorial e Distribuidora, Lda. pp. 145–146. ISBN 972-97256-9-1.
  3. Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2014). "Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota" [Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]. Pro Phalaris (in Portuguese). 9–10: 4. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  4. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Retrato_do_Pr%C3%ADncipe_Augusto_de_Leuchtenberg%2C_por_John_Simpson%2C_1834.png
  5. Boettger, T. F. "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece". La Confrérie Amicale. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  6. Per Nordenvall (1998). "Kungl. Maj:ts Orden". Kungliga Serafimerorden: 1748–1998 (in Swedish). Stockholm. ISBN 91-630-6744-7.
Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg
Born: 9 December 1810 Died: 28 March 1835
German nobility
Preceded by
Eugène de Beauharnais		 Duke of Leuchtenberg
21 February 1824 – 28 March 1835		 Succeeded by
Maximilian de Beauharnais
Prince of Eichstätt
21 February 1824 – 1833		 Reverted to Crown
Portuguese royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Maria Leopoldina of Austria
as queen consort		 Prince consort of Portugal
26 January – 28 March 1835		 Vacant
Title next held by
Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
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