Asian Highway Network

The Asian Highway Network (AH), also known as the Great Asian Highway, is a cooperative project among countries in Asia and Europe and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), to improve the highway systems in Asia. It is one of the three pillars of the Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project, endorsed by the ESCAP commission at its 48th session in 1992, comprising Asian Highway, Trans-Asian Railway (TAR) and facilitation of land transport projects.

Map of the highways

Asian Highway 2 sign near Ratchaburi, Thailand

A section of Malaysia's North-South Expressway in Penang. Note the Asian Highway 2 signage.

Asian Highway Route Sign. This sign is used on the AH 18.

Agreements have been signed by 32 countries to allow the highway to cross the continent and also reach to Europe. Some of the countries taking part in the highway project are India (Look-East connectivity projects), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Nepal and Bangladesh.[1] Most of the funding comes from the larger, more advanced Asian nations like Japan, India, Taiwan, South Korea and China as well as international agencies such as the Asian Development Bank.

The project aims to make maximum use of the continent's existing highways to avoid the construction of newer ones, except in cases where missing routes necessitate their construction. Project Monitor, an Asian infrastructure news website, has commented that "early beneficiaries of the Asian Highway project are the planners within the national land transport department of the participating countries [since] it assists them in planning the most cost-effective and efficient routes to promote domestic and international trade. Non-coastal areas, which are often negligible, are the other beneficiaries."[1]

However, in the mid-2000s some transportation experts were sceptical about the viability of the project given the economic and political climate in both South and Southeast Asia.[1]

The Asian Highway Network is going to take over 2 projects, one is the AH 45 and the other is the new AH 45A. AH 45A is the new highway all over Asia from Tonghua to Sana'a.

History

The AH project was initiated by the United Nations in 1959 with the aim of promoting the development of international road transport in the region. During the first phase of the project (1960–1970) considerable progress was achieved, however, progress slowed down when financial assistance was suspended in 1975.

ESCAP has conducted several projects in cooperation with AH member countries step by step after the endorsement of ALTID in 1992.

The Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network (IGA) was adopted on November 18, 2003, by the Intergovernmental Meeting; the IGA includes Annex I, which identifies 55 AH routes among 32 member countries totalling approximately 140,000 km (87,500 miles), and Annex II "Classification and Design Standards". During the 60th session of the ESCAP Commission at Shanghai, China, in April 2004, the IGA treaty was signed by 23 countries. By 2013, 29 countries had ratified the agreement.[2]

Implications

The advanced highway network would provide for greater trade and social interactions between Asian countries, including personal contacts, project capitalizations, connections of major container terminals with transportation points, and promotion of tourism via the new roadways.[1]

Regional perceptions of the project

According to Om Prakash, "It's an excellent step taken by ESCAP to gather all the Asian countries under one crown but the problem with this project is political disputes between some countries, notably Pakistan and Myanmar, which is delaying the project".[1]

Routes

Route AH1 is proposed to extend from Tokyo to the border with Bulgaria west of Istanbul and Edirne, passing through both Koreas, China and other countries in Southeast, Central and South Asia. The corridor is expected to improve trade links between East Asian countries, India and Russia. To complete the route, existing roads will be upgraded and new roads constructed to link the network. US$25 billion has been spent or committed as of 2007, with additional US$18 billion needed for upgrades and improvements to 26,000 km of highway.[3]

Numbering and signage

The project new highway route numbers begin with "AH", standing for "Asian Highway", followed by one, two or three digits.[4] Single-digit route numbers from 1 to 9 are assigned to major Asian Highway routes which cross more than one subregion.[4] Two- and three-digit route numbers are assigned to indicate the routes within subregions, including those connecting to neighbouring subregions, and self-contained highway routes within the participating countries.[4] Route numbers are printed in the Latin script and Hindu-Arabic numerals and may simply be added to existing signage, like the E-road network.[4]

The actual design of the signs has not been standardized, only that the letters and digits are in white or black, but the color, shape and size of the sign being completely flexible. Most examples feature a blue rectangular shield with a white inscription (similar to German Autobahn signage) with further examples of white on green and black on white rectangular shields.[1][4][5]

First car crossing

What is believed to be the first car crossing of the full extent (East to West) of the new Asian Highway was achieved by Britons Richard Meredith and Phil Colley in 2007 driving an Aston Martin.

Following the AH1 and the AH5 from Tokyo (the Highway grid's furthest point East) to Istanbul (furthest West), they drove a total of 12089 km (7511.8 miles) before joining the European motorway network for another 3259 km (2025 miles) to London.

Including ferry trips and customs clearance delays, the journey took 49 days and crossed 18 countries.

The completed route was verified by Aston Martin[6] and the UN's Asian Commission (UNESCAP) in Bangkok, whose director of transport and tourism Barry Cable confirmed "I can warrant that, to my best knowledge, this was the first car to undertake this journey".[7][8]

Eurowatch in London provided independent corroboration by tracking the car's location from satellite position reports and plotting the vehicle's location throughout the journey.[9][10]

Meredith, a travel author and veteran of distance-driving events, agreed to make the attempt after attending the Asian Highway Treaty's "coming into force" ceremony in Bangkok on July 4, 2005.

He was lent an Aston Martin V8 Vantage which had previously been the personal transport of the company's chief executive Dr Ulrich Bez and recruited Phil Colley, a linguist and travel expert from Kennington, South London, to be his co-driver. The car was shipped out to Tokyo by the company and they set off on June 25.[11]

Although the trip was facilitated by UNESCAP through its member nations, there were still extensive problems[12] including enforced detours and interminable customs clearance delays in China, pot-holed roads in Kazakhstan and leaded-only fuel in Uzbekistan. In Tbilisi, Georgia, the journey car crashed after being left on a hillside with its handbrake unsecured.

When the record-setting car returned[13][14] a welcome-home reception was staged by Aston Martin at the Park Lane Hotel in London and Meredith later received a civic award from his home town of Milton Keynes.[15][16][17]

The car was sold at auction in December 2007 by Bonhams[18] and the proceeds donated to UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund. In March 2008 a total collection of €83,000 was presented to UNICEF China for a campaign to reduce child deaths on the roads of Beijing.[19]

Route log

AH1 to AH9: Continent-Wide Routes

• – 20,557 km (12,774 mi): Border of Bulgaria – Kapıkule – Istanbul – Gerede – Ankara – Sivas – Refahiye – Aşkale – Doğubayazıt – Gürbulak – Bazargan – Ivughli – Tabriz – Qazvin – Tehran – Semnan – Damghan – Sabzevar – Mashhad – Dowqarun – Islam Qala – Herat – Delaram – Kandahar – Kabul – Torkham – Peshawar – Hassan Abdal – Rawalpindi (– Islamabad) – Lahore – Wagah – Attari – New Delhi – Agra – Kanpur – Barhi – Kolkata – Bongaon – Benapole – Jessore – Dhaka – Kachpur – Sylhet – Tamabil – Dawki – Shillong – Jorabat (– Guwahati) – Nagaon – Dimapur – Kohima – Imphal – Moreh – Tamu – Mandalay – Meiktila – Payagyi (– Yangon) – Myawaddy – Mae Sot – Tak – Nakhon Sawan – Bang Pa-in (– Bangkok) – Hin Kong – Kabin Buri – Aranyaprathet – Poipet – Phnom Penh – Bavet – Mộc Bài – Ho Chi Minh City – Biên Hòa (– Vũng Tàu) – Nha Trang – Hội An – Da Nang – Huế – Đông Hà – Vinh – Hanoi – Đồng Đăng – Hữu Nghị – Youyiguan – Nanning – Guangzhou (– Shenzhen - Hong Kong) – Xiangtan – Changsha – Wuhan – Xinyang – Zhengzhou – Shijiazhuang – Beijing – Shenyang – Dandong – Sinuiju – Pyongyang – Kaesong – Munsan – Seoul – Daejeon – Daegu – Gyeongju – Busan … Fukuoka – Tokyo[20]

• – 13,177 km (8,188 mi): Khosravi – Hamadan – Saveh – Salafchegan (– Tehran) – Yazd – Anar – Kerman – Zahedan – Mirjaveh – Taftan – Quetta – Rohri – Multan – Lahore – Wagah – Attari – New Delhi – Rampur – Banbasa – Bramhadev Mandi – Mahendranagar – Kohalpur – Narayanghar – Pathlaiya – Kakarbhitta – Siliguri – Banglabandha – Hatikumrul – Dhaka – Kachpur – Sylhet – Tamabil – Dawki – Shillong – Jorabat (– Guwahati) – Nagaon – Dimapur – Kohima – Imphal – Moreh – Tamu – Mandalay – Meiktila – Kengtung – Tachilek – Mae Sai – Chiang Rai – Tak – Nakhon Sawan – Bang Pa-in – Bangkok – Hat Yai – Sa Dao – Bukit Kayu Hitam – Butterworth – Kuala Lumpur – Seremban – Senai Utara – Singapore … Jakarta (– Merak) – Cikampek (– Bandung) – Semarang – Surakarta – Surabaya – Denpasar[20]

• – 7,331 km (4,555 mi):
  • Northern section: Ulan-Ude – Kyakhta – Altanbulag – Darkhan – Ulaanbaatar – Nalaikh – Choir – Saynshand – Zamin-Uud – Erenhot – Beijing – Tanggu
  • Southern section: Shanghai – Hangzhou – Nanchang – Xiangtan – Guiyang – Kunming – Jinghong (– Daluo – Mong La – Keng Tung) – Mohan, Yunnan – Boten – Nateuy – Houayxay – Chiang Khong – Chiang Rai[20]

• – 6,024 km (3,743 mi):
  • Northern section: Novosibirsk – Barnaul – Tashanta – Ulaanbaishint – Khovd – Yarantai
  • Southern section: Ürümqi – Kashgar – Honqiraf – Khunjerab – Hassanabdal – Rawalpindi – Islamabad – Lahore – Multan – Rohri – Hyderabad – Karachi[20]

• – 10,380 km (6,450 mi): Border of Bulgaria – Kapikule – Istanbul – Gerede – Merzifon – Samsun – Trabzon – Sarp – Batumi – Poti – Senaki – Khashuri – Mtskheta – Tbilisi – Red Bridge – Qazax – Ganja – Gazi Mammed – Alat – Baku … Turkmenbashi – Serdar – Ashgabat – Tejen – Mary – Turkmenabat – Farap – Ələt – Bukhara – Navoi – Samarkand – Syrdaria – Tashkent – Chernyavka – Chernyaevka – Shymkent – Merki – Chaldovar – Kara Balta – Bishkek – Kordai – Kaskelen – Almaty – Khorgas – Jinghe – Kuytun – Ürümqi – Turpan – Lanzhou – Xi'an – Xinyang – Nanjing – Shanghai[20]

• – 10,475 km (6,509 mi): Border of Belarus – Krasnoye – Moscow – Samara – Ufa – Chelyabinsk – Petukhovo – Chistoe – Petropavl – Karakoga – Isilkul – Omsk – Novosibirsk – Krasnoyarsk – Irkutsk – Ulan-Ude – Chita – Zabaykalsk – Manzhouli – Qiqihar – Harbin – Suifenhe – Pogranichny – Ussuriysk – Razdolnoye (– Vladivostok – Nahodka) – Khasan – Sonbong – Chongjin – Wonsan (– Pyongyang) – Goseong – Kansong – Gangneung – Kyongju – Busan[20]

• – 5,868 km (3,646 mi): Yekaterinburg – Chelyabinsk – Troisk – Kaerak – Kostanai – Astana – Karaganda – Burubaital – Merke – Chaldovar – Kara-Balta – Osh – Andijon – Tashkent – Syrdaria – Khavast – Khujand – Dushanbe – Nizhniy Panj – Shirkhan – Pol-e Khomri – Jabal Saraj – Kabul – Kandahar – Spin Boldak – Chaman – Quetta – Kalat – Karachi[20]

• – 5,868 km (3,646 mi): Border of Finland – Torfyanovka – Vyborg – St. Petersburg – Moscow – Tambov – Borisoglebsk – Volgograd – Astrakhan – Khasavyurt – Mahachkala – Kazmalyarskiy – Samur – Sumgayit – Baku – Alat – Bilasuvar – Astara – Rasht – Qazvin – Tehran – Saveh – Ahvaz – Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni[20]

• – length unknown: St. Petersburg – Moscow – Ulyanovsk – Toliatti – Samara – Orenburg – Sagarchin – Zhaisan – Aktobe – Kyzylorda – Shymkent – Taraz – Almaty – Khorgas – Urumqi – Lianyungang[21]

AH10 to AH29: Southeast Asia Routes

Route No.	Distance	Start	End	Notes
AH11	1,588 km (992.5 miles)	Vientiane, Laos	Sihanoukville, Cambodia
AH12	1,195 km (747 miles)	Nateuy, Laos	Hin Kong, Thailand
AH13	1,429 km (888 miles)	Hanoi, Vietnam	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
AH14	2,077 km (1298 miles)	Hai Phong, Vietnam	Mandalay, Myanmar
AH15	566 km (352 miles)	Vinh, Vietnam	Udon Thani, Thailand
AH16	1,032 km (645 miles)	Đông Hà, Vietnam	Tak, Thailand
AH17	980 km (608 miles)	Đà Nẵng, Vietnam	Vũng Tàu, Vietnam
AH18	1,042 km (651 miles)	Hat Yai, Thailand	Johor Bahru Causeway, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
AH19	459 km (287 miles)	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	Bangkok, Thailand
AH20	3,209 km (2104 miles)	New Delhi, Delhi, India	Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India	Also known as the National Highway 44 (India), Asian Highway 45, Chennai Bypass, Grand Southern Trunk Road
AH21		Qui Nhơn Port, Vietnam	Serei Saophoan, Cambodia
AH23	4,920 km (4019 miles)	Bangalore, Karnataka, India	Quetta, Pakistan
AH25	2,549 km (1593 miles)	Banda Aceh, Indonesia	Merak, Indonesia	Also known as the East Trans-Sumatran Highway. The highway is also co-signed as Sumatra by the Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia) since 2019.
AH26	3,517 km (2198 miles)	Laoag, Philippines	Zamboanga, Philippines	Also known as the Pan-Philippine Highway. Most of the sections of the highway are also co-signed as N1 by the Department of Public Works and Highways since 2014.
AH29	2901 km (2719 miles)	Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India	Mysore, Karnataka, India

AH100 to AH299: ASEAN Southeast Asia Routes

These routes were set up by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as part of an extension to the Asian Highway Network, known as the ASEAN Highway Network.[22][23]

Route No.	Distance	Start	End	Notes
AH111		Loilem, Myanmar	Thibaw, Myanmar	[24]
AH112		Thaton, Myanmar	Kawthaung, Myanmar	[24]
AH121		Mukdahan, Thailand	Sa Kaeo, Thailand
AH123		Dawei, Myanmar	Pak Tho on AH2 in Thailand	[24][25]
AH131		Ba Đồn, Vietnam	Thakhek, Laos
AH132		Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam	Thang Beng, Laos
AH140		Butterworth, Malaysia	Pasir Puteh, Malaysia
AH141		Port Klang Malaysia	Kuantan, Malaysia
AH142		Yong Peng, Malaysia	Gambang, Malaysia
AH143		Sengkang, Singapore	Senai, Malaysia
AH150		Telok Merano, Sarawak	Entikong, West Kalimantan	Also known as the Pan-Borneo Highway
AH151		Tebing Tinggi, North Sumatra	Bandar Lampung, Lampung	Also known as the Central Trans-Sumatran Highway. The highway is also co-signed as Sumatra by the Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia) since 2019.
AH152		Jakarta	Surakarta, Central Java	The highway is also co-signed by some Indonesian National Route Java by the Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia) since 2019.

AH30 to AH39: East Asia and Northeast Asia Routes

Route No.	Distance	Start	End	Notes
AH30	2,739 km (1712 miles)	Ussuriysk, Russia	Chita, Russia
AH31	1,595 km (997 miles)	Belogorsk, Russia	Dalian, China
AH32	3,748 km (2342.5 miles)	Sonbong, North Korea	Khovd, Mongolia
AH33	575 km (359 miles)	Harbin, China	Tongjiang, China	Also known as G1011
AH34	1,033 km (646 miles)	Lianyungang, China	Xi'an, China
AH35	1,305 km (811 miles)	Undurkhaan, Mongolia	Jinzhou, China

AH40 to AH59: South Asian Routes

Route No.	Distance	Start	End
AH41	948 km (592.5 miles)	Teknaf, Bangladesh	Mongla, Bangladesh
AH42	3,754 km (2346 miles)	Lanzhou, China	Barhi, India
AH43	3,024 km (1892 miles)	Agra, India	Matara, Sri Lanka (Via) Rameswaram, TN, IN
AH44	107 km (67 miles)	Dambulla, Sri Lanka	Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
AH45	2,030 km (1269 miles)	Kolkata, India	Chennai, TN, India
AH46	1,967 km (1,222 miles)	Hazira port, Surat, India	Howrah, India
AH47	2,057 km (1286 miles)	Gwalior, India	Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
AH48	276 km (171 miles)	Thimphu, Bhutan	Changrabandha, India
AH51	825 km (513 miles)	Peshawar, Pakistan	Quetta, Pakistan

AH60 to AH89: North Asia, Central Asia and Southwest Asia Routes

Route No.	Distance	Start	End
AH60	2,151 km (1344 miles)	Omsk, Russia (on AH6)	Burubaital, Kazakhstan (on AH7)
AH61	4,158 km (2599 miles)	Kashgar, China (on AH4/AH65)	border between Russia and Ukraine
AH62	2,722 km (1701 miles)	Petropavl, Kazakhstan (on AH6/AH64)	Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan (on AH76)
AH63	2,434 km (1521 miles)	Samara, Russia (on AH6)	Guzar, Uzbekistan (on AH62)
AH64	1,666 km (1041 miles)	Petropavl, Kazakhstan (on AH6/AH62)	Barnaul, Russia (on AH4)
AH65	1,250 km (781 miles)	Kashgar, China (on AH4/AH61)	Termez, Uzbekistan (on AH62)
AH66	995 km (622 miles)	border between China and Tajikistan	Termez, Uzbekistan (on AH62)
AH67	2,288 km (1430 miles)	Kuitun, China (on AH5)	Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan (on AH62)
AH68	278 km (174 miles)	Jinghe, China (on AH5)	Ucharal, Kazakhstan (on AH60)
AH70	4,832 km (3020 miles)	border between Ukraine and Russia	Bandar Abbas, Iran
AH71	426 km (266 miles)	Dilaram, Afghanistan (on AH1)	Dashtak, Iran (on AH75)
AH72	1,147 km (717 miles)	Tehran, Iran (on AH1/AH2/AH8)	Bushehr, Iran
AH75	1,871 km (1169 miles)	Tejen, Turkmenistan (on AH5)	Chabahar, Iran
AH76	986 km (616 miles)	Puli Khumri, Afghanistan (on AH7)	Herat, Afghanistan (on AH1/AH77)
AH77	1,298 km (811 miles)	Jabal Saraj District, Afghanistan (on AH7)	Mary, Turkmenistan (on AH5)
AH78	1,076 km (672.5 miles)	Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (on AH5)	Kerman, Iran (on AH2)
AH81	1,143 km (714 miles)	Larsi, Georgia	Aktau, Kazakhstan (on AH70)
AH82	1,261 km (788 miles)	border between Russia and Georgia	Ivughli, Iran (on AH1)
AH83	172 km (107.5 miles)	Qazakh, Azerbaijan (on AH5)	Yerevan, Armenia (on AH81/AH82)
AH84	1,188 km (742.5 miles)	Doğubeyazıt, Turkey (on AH1)	İçel, Turkey
AH85	338 km (211 miles)	Refahiye, Turkey (on AH1)	Merzifon, Turkey (on AH5)
AH86	247 km (154 miles)	Askale, Turkey (on AH1)	Trabzon, Turkey (on AH5)
AH87	606 km (378.75 miles)	Ankara, Turkey (on AH1)	İzmir, Turkey

Distance by country

The planned network runs a total of 140,479 kilometres (87,290 mi).

Country	Distance in km (mi)
Afghanistan	4,247 km (2,639 mi)
Armenia	958 km (595 mi)
Azerbaijan	1,442 km (896 mi)
Bangladesh	1,804 km (1,121 mi)
Bhutan	1 km (0.62 mi)
Cambodia	1,339 km (832 mi)
China	25,579 km (15,894 mi)
North Korea	1,320 km (820 mi)
Georgia	1,154 km (717 mi)
Hong Kong	91 km (57 mi)
India	27,987 km (17,390 mi)
Indonesia	3,989 km (2,479 mi)
Iran	11,152 km (6,930 mi)
Japan	1,200 km (750 mi)
Kazakhstan	13,189 km (8,195 mi)
Kyrgyzstan	1,695 km (1,053 mi)
Laos	2,297 km (1,427 mi)
Malaysia	4,006 km (2,489 mi)
Mongolia	4,286 km (2,663 mi)
Myanmar	3,003 km (1,866 mi)
Nepal	1,321 km (821 mi)
Pakistan	5,377 km (3,341 mi)
Philippines	3,517 km (2,185 mi)
South Korea	907 km (564 mi)
Russia	16,869 km (10,482 mi)
Singapore	19 km (12 mi)
Sri Lanka	650 km (400 mi)
Tajikistan	1,925 km (1,196 mi)
Thailand	5,112 km (3,176 mi)
Turkey	5,254 km (3,265 mi)
Turkmenistan	2,204 km (1,370 mi)
Uzbekistan	2,966 km (1,843 mi)
Vietnam	2,678 km (1,664 mi)

See also

• Other intercontinental highway systems: International E-road network, Pan-American Highway Arab Mashreq International Road Network and Trans-African Highway network
• Trans-Asian Railway
• Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel
• One Belt, One Road
• Eurasian Land Bridge
• Bering land bridge
• Hippie trail

References

1. Kamat, Rahul The Great Asian Highway Archived 2010-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, Project Monitor website, 31 January 2005. Retrieved 2009-05-05
2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-05-28. Retrieved 2013-05-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).
3. "Priority Investment Needs for the Development for the Asian Highway Network" Archived July 20, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 14, 2007
4. Newswire Archived January 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Tourism Commission of the International Geographical Union website. Retrieved 2009-05-05;
5. McCartan, Brian Roadblocks on the Great Asian Highway, Asia Times website, 23 January 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-05;
6. Letter 2007-07-09 Janette Green, Director Brand Communications, Aston Martin, Gaydon CV35 0DB, England
7. Letter 2007-18-10 Barry Cable, Director Transport & Tourism Division, United Nations ESCAP (Economic & Social Commission for Asia & the Pacific), Bangkok 10200, Thailand.
8. (2008) Driven Together Published by Mercury Books on behalf of Word Go Ltd. Page vi (ISBN 9780954143244)
9. Tracking and map log Letter and data 2007-28-09 Dr Sebastian Archer, Solutions ARchitect, EurowatchCEntral Ltd, London EC4Y 0HB.
10. Driven Together - Outside Back Cover.
11. Aston Martin on the Asia-Pacific Highway AutoRacing.com, 2007-09-07. Retrieved 2010-01-01
12. Driven Together - Various
13. Reuters Aston Martin drivers set Asian Highway record NZ Herald, 2007-15-08. Retrieved 2010-01-01
14. Wilkinson, Stephen Hammer Down on Asia's Interstate Highways Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine Concierge.com, 2007-23-08. Retrieved 2010-01-01
15. British Pair Drive Aston Martin into the Record Books Aston Martin, 2007-14-08. Retrieved 2010-01-01
16. Milton Keynes Citizen 2007-13-09 "Aston adventurer safely home" Page 26
17. MK News 2007-12-09 "Records shattered on drive home from Japan" Page 22
18. Record-Breaking Aston Martin to be Sold Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Bonhams, 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2010-01-01
19. Milton Keynes Citizen 2008-11-03 "Aston adventure" Page 2
20. https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/RecentTexts/XI_B_34_E.pdf
21. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/2021-01/Map_AH_24Dec_Digital_Full.pdf
22. ASEAN logistics network map. Nihon Bōeki Shinkōkai. (2nd ed.). Tokyo: JETRO. 2009. ISBN 978-4822410681. OCLC 434492237.CS1 maint: others (link)
23. Master plan on ASEAN connectivity (PDF). ASEAN. Public Outreach and Civil Society Division. [Jakarta, Indonesia]: [ASEAN Secretariat, Public Outreach and Civil Society Division]. December 2010. p. 12. ISBN 9786028411622. OCLC 775662227. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-01-12.CS1 maint: others (link)
24. "Status of the Asian Highway in Member Countries | United Nations ESCAP". www.unescap.org. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
25. Master plan on ASEAN connectivity, 2025 (PDF). Jakarta. ISBN 9786026392022. OCLC 970396295. Retrieved 2018-01-12.

External links

• The project homepage
• Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network
• Asia signs up to 'new Silk Road' BBC News report (April 26, 2004)
• UNESCAP press release announcing treaty
• 2003 Asian Highway Handbook
• Pakistan's Gwadar to Afghanistan, China road declared Asian Highway
• Driven Together, Historic first crossing of Asia's new Highway to the West
• Asian Highway Network Details