Artur Ekert

Artur Konrad Ekert FRS (born 19 September 1961) is a Polish-British professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at Merton College, Oxford, Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore and the founding director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT). His research interests extend over most aspects of information processing in quantum-mechanical systems, with a focus on quantum communication and quantum computation. He is best known as one of the pioneers of quantum cryptography.

Artur Ekert
Born
Artur Konrad Ekert

(1961-09-19) 19 September 1961
Wrocław, Poland
NationalityBritish
Polish
Alma materJagiellonian University (MSc)
University of Oxford (PhD)
Known forQuantum cryptography
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Cryptography
InstitutionsMerton College, Oxford
University of Oxford
National University of Singapore
ThesisCorrelations in quantum optics (1991)
Doctoral advisorKeith Burnett
David Deutsch
Peter Knight[2]
Doctoral studentsPatrick Hayden
Michele Mosca[2]
Websitearturekert.com

Early life

Ekert was born in Wrocław, and studied physics at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and at the University of Oxford. Between 1987 and 1991 he was a graduate student at Wolfson College, Oxford. In his doctoral thesis[3][2] he showed how quantum entanglement and non-locality can be used to distribute cryptographic keys with perfect security.

Career

In 1991 he was elected a junior research fellow and subsequently (1994) a research fellow at Merton College, Oxford. At the time he established the first research group in quantum cryptography and computation, based in the Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford. Subsequently, it evolved into the Centre for Quantum Computation, now based at DAMTP in Cambridge.

Between 1993 and 2000 he held a position of the Royal Society Howe Fellow. In 1998 he was appointed a professor of physics at the University of Oxford and a fellow and tutor in physics at Keble College, Oxford. From 2002 until early 2007 he was the Leigh-Trapnell Professor of Quantum Physics at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University and a professorial fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Since 2007 he has been a professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, and a Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore.

He has worked with and advised several companies and government agencies. He has served on several professional advisory boards and is one the trustees of The Croucher Foundation.[4]

Research

Ekert's research extends over most aspects of information processing in quantum-mechanical systems, with a focus on quantum cryptography and quantum computation. Building on the idea of quantum non-locality and Bell's inequalities [5] he introduced entanglement-based quantum key distribution. His 1991 paper[6] generated a spate of new research that established a vigorously active new area of physics and cryptography. It is one of the most cited papers in the field and was chosen by the editors of the Physical Review Letters as one of their "milestone letters", i.e. papers that made important contributions to physics, announced significant discoveries, or started new areas of research. His subsequent work with John Rarity and Paul Tapster, from the Defence Research Agency (DRA) in Malvern, resulted in the proof-of-principle experimental quantum key distribution, introducing parametric down-conversion, phase encoding and quantum interferometry into the repertoire of cryptography.[7] He and collaborators were the first to develop the concept of a security proof based on entanglement purification.[8]

Ekert and colleagues have made a number of contributions to both theoretical aspects of quantum computation and proposals for its experimental realisations. These include proving that almost any quantum logic gate operating on two quantum bits is universal,[9] proposing one of the first realistic implementations of quantum computation, e.g. using the induced dipole-dipole coupling in an optically driven array of quantum dots,[10] introducing more stable geometric quantum logic gates,[11] and proposing "noiseless encoding", which became later known as decoherence free subspaces.[12] His other notable contributions include work on quantum state swapping, optimal quantum state estimation and quantum state transfer. With some of the same collaborators, he has written on connections between the notion of mathematical proofs and the laws of physics.[13] He has also contributed semi-popular writing on the history of science.[14]

Honours and awards

For his discovery of quantum cryptography he was awarded the 1995 Maxwell Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics, the 2007 Hughes Medal by the Royal Society and the 2019 Micius Quantum Prize. He is also a co-recipient of the 2004 European Union Descartes Prize. In 2016 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. [1] He is a fellow of the Singapore National Academy of Science and a recipient of the 2017 Singapore Public Administration Medal (Silver) Pingat Pentadbiran Awam.

See also

References
  1. Anon (2016). "Professor Artur Ekert FRS". London: royalsociety.org. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
    "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. Artur Ekert at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  3. Ekert, Artur Konrad (1991). Correlations in quantum optics (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. OCLC 556450608.
  4. "Board of Trustees". Croucher Foundation. 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  5. Bell, John Stuart (2004). Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52338-9.
  6. Ekert, Artur (5 August 1991). "Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. 67 (6): 661–663. Bibcode:1991PhRvL..67..661E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.661. PMID 10044956.
  7. Ekert, Artur; Rarity, John G.; Tapster, Paul R.; Palma, G. Massimo (31 August 1992). "Practical quantum cryptography based on two-photon interferometry". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. 69 (9): 1293–1295. Bibcode:1992PhRvL..69.1293E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1293. PMID 10047180.
  8. Deutsch, David; Ekert, Artur; Jozsa, Richard; Macchiavello, Chiara; Popescu, Sandu; Sanpera, Anna (23 September 1996). "Quantum privacy amplification and the security of quantum cryptography over noisy channels". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. 77 (13): 2818–2821. arXiv:quant-ph/9604039. Bibcode:1996PhRvL..77.2818D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.2818. PMID 10062053. S2CID 2765155.
  9. Deutsch, David; Barenco, Adriano; Ekert, Artur (8 June 1995). "Universality in quantum computation". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 449 (1937): 669–677. arXiv:quant-ph/9505018. Bibcode:1995RSPSA.449..669D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1995.0065. S2CID 15088854.
  10. Barenco, Adriano; Deutsch, David; Ekert, Artur; Jozsa, Richard (15 May 1995). "Conditional quantum dynamics and logic gates". Physical Review Letters. 74 (20): 4083–4086. arXiv:quant-ph/9503017. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..74.4083B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4083. PMID 10058408. S2CID 26611140.
  11. Jones, Jonathan A.; Vedral, Vlatko; Ekert, Artur; Castagnoli, Giuseppe (24 February 2000). "Geometric quantum computation using nuclear magnetic resonance". Nature. 403 (6772): 869–871. arXiv:quant-ph/9910052. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..869J. doi:10.1038/35002528. PMID 10706278. S2CID 4415368.
  12. Palma, G. Massimo; Suominen, Kalle-Antti; Ekert, Artur (8 March 1996). "Quantum computers and dissipation". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 452 (1946): 567–584. arXiv:quant-ph/9702001. Bibcode:1996RSPSA.452..567P. doi:10.1098/rspa.1996.0029. S2CID 17240058.
  13. Deutsch, David; Ekert, Artur; Lupacchini, Rossella (September 2000). "Machines, logic and quantum physics". The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic. Cambridge University Press. 6 (3): 265–283. arXiv:math/9911150. doi:10.2307/421056. JSTOR 421056. S2CID 6658624.
  14. Ekert, Artur (August 2008). "Complex and unpredictable Cardano". International Journal of Theoretical Physics. Springer. 47 (8): 2101–2119. arXiv:0806.0485. Bibcode:2008IJTP...47.2101E. doi:10.1007/s10773-008-9775-1. S2CID 6067361.
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