Araki–Sucher correction

In atomic, molecular and optical physics, the Araki–Sucher correction is a leading-order correction to the energy levels of atoms and molecules due to effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED).[1] It is named after Huzihiro Araki[2] and Joseph Sucher,[3] who first calculated it for the helium atom in 1957. The method is based on a perturbative expansion of the energy in the Bethe–Salpeter equation, and have since been used to calculate corrections for atoms other than helium (e.g. berylium[4] and lithium[5]), and for systems with more than two electrons.[6][7] The correction typically involves the fine-structure constant and may sometimes include terms of third order and higher (i.e. ).

References
  1. Bederson, Benjamin; Dalgarno, Alexander (1994-01-04). Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. Volume 32. Academic Press. p. 107. ISBN 9780080561431.
  2. Araki, Huzihiro (1 May 1957). "Quantum-Electrodynamical Corrections to Energy-Levels of Helium". Progress of Theoretical Physics. 17 (5): 619–642. Bibcode:1957PThPh..17..619A. doi:10.1143/ptp.17.619. ISSN 0033-068X.
  3. Sucher, J. (1958-02-01). "Energy Levels of the Two-Electron Atom to Order $\alpha^3$ ry; Ionization Energy of Helium". Physical Review. 109 (3): 1010–1011. Bibcode:1958PhRv..109.1010S. doi:10.1103/physrev.109.1010. ISSN 0031-899X.
  4. Stanke, Monika; Komasa, Jacek; Bubin, Sergiy; Adamowicz, Ludwik (2009-08-25). "Five lowest $^{1}S$ states of the Be atom calculated with a finite-nuclear-mass approach and with relativistic and QED corrections". Physical Review A. 80 (2): 022514. Bibcode:2009PhRvA..80b2514S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.80.022514.
  5. Yan, Zong-Chao; Drake, G. W. F. (2003-09-11). "Bethe Logarithm and QED Shift for Lithium". Physical Review Letters. 91 (11): 113004. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91k3004Y. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.113004. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 14525421.
  6. Balcerzak, Justyna G.; Lesiuk, Michał; Moszynski, Robert (2017-11-30). "Calculation of Araki-Sucher correction for many-electron systems". Physical Review A. 96 (5): 052510. arXiv:1710.02468. Bibcode:2017PhRvA..96e2510B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.96.052510. S2CID 119079374.
  7. Drake, G. W. F. (1993). "High precision calculations and QED effects for two- and three-electron atoms". Physica Scripta. 1993 (T46): 116–124. Bibcode:1993PhST...46..116D. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/1993/T46/017. ISSN 1402-4896.
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