Aphanius

Aphanius is a genus of pupfishes. Unlike other members of the family which are from the Americas, Aphanius species are native to northern Africa, southwestern Asia (as far east as India) and southern Europe. Several species in the genus have very small distributions and are seriously threatened.

Aphanius
Temporal range: Pleistocene
Aphanius fasciatus
Aphanius mesopotamicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Family: Cyprinodontidae
Genus: Aphanius
Nardo, 1827
Type species
Aphanius nanus
Nardo, 1827
Synonyms

Lebias Goldfuss, 1820 (invalid name)
Tellia Gervais, 1853
Micromugil Gulia, 1861
Kosswigichthys Sözer, 1942
Anatolichthys Kosswig & Sözer, 1945
Turkichthys Ermin, 1946
Aphaniops Hoedeman, 1951

Fossil record

Fossils of Aphanius are found in strata of the Pleistocene of Italy (age range: from 11.608 to 5.332 million years ago.).[1]

Fossil of Aphanius crassicaudus

Species

The 39 recognized species in this genus are:

  • Aphanius almiriensis Kottelat, Barbieri & Stoumboudi, 2007
  • Aphanius anatoliae Leidenfrost, 1912 (Lake Tuz toothcarp)
  • Aphanius apodus Gervais, 1853
  • Aphanius arakensis Teimori, Esmaeili, Gholami, Zarei & Reichenbacher (de), 2012 [2]
  • Aphanius asquamatus Sözer, 1942 (scaleless killifish)
  • Aphanius baeticus Doadrio, Carmona & Fernández-Delgado, 2002
  • †Aphanius crassicaudus Agassiz 1839[3]
  • Aphanius danfordii Boulenger, 1890 (Sultan Sazlığı toothcarp)
  • Aphanius darabensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami & Reichenbacher, 2014 [4]
  • Aphanius desioi Gianferrari, 1933
  • Aphanius dispar Rüppell, 1829
  • Aphanius farsicus Teimori, Esmaeili & Reichenbacher, 2011 (Farsi toothcarp)
  • Aphanius fasciatus Valenciennes, 1821 (Mediterranean killifish)
  • Aphanius fontinalis Akşiray, 1948 [5]
  • Aphanius furcatus Teimori, Esmaeili, Erpenbeck & Reichenbacher, 2014 [6]
  • Aphanius ginaonis Holly, 1929
  • Aphanius iberus Valenciennes, 1846 (Spanish toothcarp)
  • Aphanius iconii Akşiray, 1948 [5]
  • Aphanius isfahanensis Hrbek, Keivany & Coad, 2006
  • Aphanius kavirensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami & Reichenbacher, 2014 [4]
  • Aphanius maeandricus Akşiray, 1948 [5]
  • Aphanius marassantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014 (Kızılırmak toothcarp) [5]
  • Aphanius mento Heckel, 1843 (iridescent toothcarp)
  • Aphanius meridionalis Akşiray, 1948 [5]
  • Aphanius mesopotamicus Coad, 2009 (Mesopotamian toothcarp) [7]
  • Aphanius pluristriatus J. T. Jenkins, 1910
  • Aphanius punctatus Heckel, 1847
  • Aphanius saldae Akşiray, 1955 [5]
  • Aphanius saourensis Blanco, Hrbek & Doadrio, 2006 (Sahara aphanius)
  • Aphanius shirini Gholami, Esmaeili, Erpenbeck & Reichenbacher, 2014 [8]
  • Aphanius sirhani Villwock, Scholl & Krupp, 1983 (Azraq toothcarp)
  • Aphanius sophiae Heckel, 1847
  • †Aphanius splendens Kosswig & Sözer, 1945 (Gölçük toothcarp)
  • Aphanius stiassnyae Getahun & Lazara, 2001 (Lake Afdera killifish)
  • Aphanius sureyanus W. Neu, 1937 (Burdur toothcarp)
  • Aphanius transgrediens Ermin, 1946 (Acıgöl toothcarp)
  • Aphanius villwocki Hrbek & Wildekamp, 2003 (Sakarya toothcarp)
  • Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988

References
  1. Paleobiology Database
  2. Teimori, A., Esmaeili, H.R., Gholami, Z., Zarei, N. & Reichenbacher, B. (2012): Aphanius arakensis, a new species of tooth-carp (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontidae) from the endorheic Namak Lake basin in Iran. ZooKeys, 215: 55-76.
  3. A. crassicaudus at Fossilworks
  4. Esmaeili, H.R., Teimori, A., Gholami, Z. & Reichenbacher, B. (2014): Two new species of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the Iranian inland and inland-related Aphanius species. Zootaxa, 3786 (3): 246–268.
  5. Pfleiderer, S.J., Geiger, M.F. & Herder, F. (2014): Aphanius marassantensis, a new toothcarp from the Kızılırmak drainage in northern Anatolia (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Zootaxa, 3887 (5): 569–582.
  6. Teimori, A., Esmaeili, H.R., Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. (2014): A new and unique species of the genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from Southern Iran: A case of regressive evolution. Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 253 (4): 327-337.
  7. Alavi-Yeganeh, M.S., Keivany, Y., Seyfabadi, J., Kazemi, B. & Wallis, G.P. (2014): Taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships of a newly-described tooth-carp, Aphanius mesopotamicus Coad, 2009 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae). Zootaxa, 3780 (3): 594–600.
  8. Gholami, Z., Esmaeili, H.R., Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. (2014): Phylogenetic analysis of Aphanius from the endorheic Kor River Basin in the Zagros Mountains, South-western Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 52 (2): 130–141.
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