Amyna axis

Amyna axis, the eight-spot, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852.

"Eight-spot" redirects here. For the similarly named butterfly, see Hypolimnas octocula.

Amyna axis
Larvae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Noctuidae
Genus:
Amyna
Species:
A. axis
Binomial name
Amyna axis
(Guenée, 1852)
Synonyms
  • Perigea octo Guenée, 1852
  • Amyna octo (Guenée, 1852)
  • Perigea axis Guenée, 1852
  • Poaphila stricta Walker, 1858
  • Calaena flavigutta Walker, 1858
  • Celaena perfundens Walker, 1858
  • Ilattia cephusalis Walker, [1859]
  • Amyna colon Guenée, 1862
  • Perigea vexabilis Wallengren, 1863
  • Miana inornata Walker, 1865
  • Celaena obstructa Walker, 1862
  • Perigea leucospila Walker, 1865
  • Erastria stigmatula Snellen, 1872
  • Stridova albigutta Walker, 1869
  • Erastria bavia Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
  • Segetia orbica Morrison, 1875
  • Amyna undulifera Butler, 1875
  • Chytoryza tecta Grote, 1876
  • Botys monotretalis Mabille, 1879
  • Perigea supplex Swinhoe, 1885
  • Berresa rufa Bethune-Baker, 1906

Distribution

It is found in the tropics and subtropics worldwide, and occurs in Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia. Australia and the Cook Islands.[1]

The moth migrates north each year in late summer and fall. It is common in southern North America, from Florida to Arizona. It is a regular migrant to the mid-eastern states, and rarely as far as Wisconsin, Ontario and Quebec.

Life cycle

Food plants

The larvae feed on Amaranthus, Croton, Celosia, Digera, Helianthus, Chenopodium, Spinacia, Ipomoea, Ricinus, Arachis, Crotalaria, Medicago, Phaseolus, Hibiscus, Cardiospermum, Solanum, Corchorus and Parasponia species.[2][3]

It is an irregular minor pest worldwide of mung beans (Vigna radiata), black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiclata), lucerne (Medicago sativa) and soy beans (Glycine max). Their prevalence may be under reported due to the resemblance of the caterpillar with those of Chrysoieixis species.[1]

Early stages

The larva are thin bodied and have faint white stripes and two pairs of ventral prolegs.[1] At low densities of groups, caterpillars are pale green. Among caterpillars at high densities, there are higher frequencies of melanistic phenotypes. The degree of blackening varied widely, ranging from individuals with simple subdorsal-lateral patches to those that were mostly black.[2]

Larvae perch on the undersides of leaves and along stems and petioles. At rest, the abdominal segments are often looped upward. When alarmed the larva essentially jumps from the host and continues to wreathe and wriggle wildly. Prepupal larvae take on a pinkish cast. Pupation occurs in a silken cocoon below (usually) or at the soil surface. Sand and/or plant debris are interwoven into the cocoon wall.[2]

Adult

The adult moth is chocolate brown above and has a wingspan of 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in). The forewings have faint greyish-white lines and an obscure figure-of-eight mark on it. The hindwings are lighter with fainter markings. The male can be differentiated by the presence of a small semi-transparent patch on each wing.[1] Adults are on wing from August to October. Forewing of male with a small vesicle in cell, with a small valve of scales over it on underside, the median nervure being slightly curved. It is smaller than Amyna punctum.[4]

  • Last instar larva: 1. Chaetotaxy. SD2 on abdomen represented only by its pinaculum (forward of spiracle); 2. Head, frontal; 3. Labrum, frontal; 4. Mandibles, mesal surfaces
  • Last instar larva: 5. Head, frontal; 6. Head, lateral, with prothoracic gland (adenosma) indicated; 7. Crochets, with subapical tooth indicated
  • Larvae caudal segments
  • Prepupa
  • Pupa and cocoon
  • Pupa ventral (left), lateral (right)

References
  1. Bailey, Peter (2007). Pests of Field Crops and Pastures: Identification and Control. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 247–248. ISBN 978-0-643-06758-5. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
  2. Wagner, D. L.; Binns, S. (2010). "Larva and pupa of Amyna axis (Guenée, 1852) and affirmation of its taxonomic placement in Bagisarinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)". ZooKeys: 4. ISSN 1313-2970. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
  3. "Amyna axis, Guenée, 1852". African Moths. Archived from the original on 2016-09-12. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  4. Hampson, G. F. (1894). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II. Taylor and Francis – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.