All for You Tour

The All for You Tour was the fourth concert tour by American recording artist Janet Jackson, in support of her seventh album All for You (2001). The show was designed by Mark Fisher and Jackson. It was originally scheduled to start in Vancouver, Canada, but due to problems transporting technical equipment across the Canada–United States border, the first show took place in Portland, Oregon. The tour trekked through North America throughout the summer and ended with a final show in Honolulu, Hawaii which was broadcast by HBO.

All for You Tour
Tour by Janet Jackson
Associated albumAll for You
Start dateJuly 7, 2001 (2001-07-07)
End dateFebruary 16, 2002 (2002-02-16)
Legs3
No. of shows73
Box officeUS$48.1 million ($69.45 million in 2019 dollars[1])
Janet Jackson concert chronology

International dates were planned however those dates were forced to be cancelled following the September 11 attacks. According to Pollstar, the tour grossed over 48 million from 68 shows in North America between 2001 and 2002.[2][3]

The tour is notable for its choreography, theatrics, and upbeat nature. Its most infamous moment is thought to be the highly controversial rendition of "Would You Mind", where Jackson selected a member of the audience and strapped them into a gurney while caressing and fondling them. The show became one of the top-grossing tours of 2001 and saw Jackson performing many of her biggest hits. The show received positive feedback from fans and critics.

Postponements and cancellations

The premiere show in Vancouver at GM Place was postponed because an integral piece of the stage set did not arrive in time for rehearsals and the planned premiere performance. According to a statement released by Orca Bay and SFX Concerts, the shipping problem is being blamed on the Canada Day and Independence Day holidays. The singer had been rehearsing in Vancouver for about a week in preparation for the tour, and began officially in Portland, Oregon on July 7, 2001.[4] The Edmonton show was also cancelled because of the stage delivery problems.[5] The same month, a show in Milwaukee was rescheduled when Jackson chipped a tooth during rehearsals for the show and had to undergo a root canal.[6] In early August 2001, Jackson caught a flu, which forced the postponement of shows in Cleveland, Indianapolis, and Pittsburgh.[6] A show at New York's Madison Square Garden which was scheduled for August 21, 2001, was moved to the day before due to scheduling conflicts with the WNBA playoffs.[7] She also rescheduled two concerts in Philadelphia and Charlotte in late August 2001, due to a recurring respiratory problem. The singer canceled a planned show in Birmingham.[8]

Jackson was scheduled to perform a concert in Tampa, Florida on September 11, 2001. However, that night's show was postponed and rescheduled after the September 11 attacks.[9] The following two shows in Ft. Lauderdale were also rescheduled due to the attack. The tour resumed on September 16 in New Orleans, Louisiana.[10] On October 1, 2001, Jackson canceled its whole European leg, citing travel concerns for her entourage following the September 11 attacks. She said in a statement: "My European fans are among the most loyal and I was very excited to share this show with them. I have agonized over this decision. Like most people, the events of Sept. 11 have troubled me enormously and I remain concerned about the foreseeable future. If anything happened to anyone on this tour, I could never forgive myself". The singer was due to play 24 dates across Europe, beginning October 31, 2001 in Stockholm and wrapping December 17 in Birmingham, England. Additionally, Jackson's planned performance at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2001, on November 8, 2001, in Frankfurt, Germany, was also canceled, with a spokesperson affirming, "She won't be coming to Europe at all [this year]".[11] Jackson considered a return to Europe in 2002, although it did not happen.[12]

Critical reception

Reviewing the tour's premiere concert at the Rose Garden Arena, Jennifer Van Evra of The Vancouver Sun reported that "the Janet Jackson that crowds are catching on this tour is distinctly different from the one they might have seen in years past. Gone is the 'girl next door' version of Janet—the coy, cutesy, smiling little girl who managed to avoid the glare of the tabloids. Now 35, recently divorced, and with her new album 'All For You' in tow, Jackson is showing off a much sassier, sexier, more confident self."[13] Pop music critic Kevin C. Johnson of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch gave a mixed review, believing the concert had similarities to her prior tour. However, he remarked: "Jackson remains one of this generation's most exciting performers in concert, easily triumphing over the likes of young upstarts Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Destiny's Child."[14] Buffalo News critic Craig Seymour praised Jackson's concert at the HSBC Arena, stating that "her 'All for You' tour marked another milestone for the veteran artist, who proved to be more comfortable with own ability to command an audience than ever before."[15] According to Seymour the best segment of the night was the "Asian-influenced set for the still-rousing 'Rhythm Nation'."[15] He adds, "She doesn't fight against her image like Madonna, who plays almost none of her early hits during this summer's 'Drowned World' tour. Rather, she attacks her classics with such vigor that the experience is less nostalgic than vitally in-the-moment. But most of all, by embracing her well-liked hits, Jackson does precisely what a superstar is supposed to do: She lets the crowd love her."[15]

Jim Farber of the New York Daily News wrote: "In the splashy two-hour event, which made its New York bow at Madison Square Garden last night, the suspiciously sculpted star ripped through nine costume changes, gyrated around a host of ever-changing stage sets and offered no fewer than 26 songs plucked from more than a decade's worth of hits."[16] He criticized similarities to her previous tour, saying: "Unfortunately, the evening also recycled some Janet stunts from the past. A segment that centered on frothy cartoon characters (with Jackson appearing as a sugar plum fairy) mimicked her 1998 tour's equally infantile circus fantasia. An S&M segment, in which she strapped an audience member to a gurney and straddled him, also repeated a similar NC-17 episode from the last go-round."[16] Sonia Murry of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution offered a positive review of Jackson's performance at the Philips Arena in comparison to other artists who were also touring at the time. She comments that while "'N Sync had some sharp moves on occasion, it was as if Jackson was plugged in she moved so much, and so well ... While Madonna offered a true visual feast, the 19,000-plus seemed to be satiated with just the art that was Jackson's sculptured body ... And where Sade may offer instant intimacy with one well-placed and throaty high note, well, Jackson did fine just to flex her thin pipes on 'Again', part of her medley of ballads ('Come Back to Me', and 'Let's Wait Awhile' included)."[17]

Los Angeles Times pop music critic David Massey also praised Jackson's concert favorably in contrast, reporting "Madonna even in her prime was unable to move at the fast and crisp pace of Jackson. ... From the T-shirts to the tour book to the concert itself, Janet outdid the Material Girl by a mile." Massey added, "Eric Clapton sits with a guitar, year after year. Elton John sits at a piano year after year. No one presses them to dramatically alter the type of show they put on. Janet is a dance artist, and to expect something different at a Janet show is outright insane." Jackson's concert was also observed as a direct influence to Britney Spears, saying "Not only is Janet emulated by the type of show she puts on by the current teen-fab (that she made popular years ago), she still does it better than the 19-year-olds."[18] Robert Hilburn reported that "Jackson's 'All for You' concert is tightly scripted and executed with the precision of a Broadway show—complete with flashy sets, video footage (including a probably inadvertent glimpse of the World Trade Center in one), eight dancers and even more costume changes."[19] Los Angeles Daily News critic Sandra Barrera observed "[a]lthough her latest album, 'All for You' fueled the concert, Jackson embraced her past. As the video for 'Let's Wait Awhile' played on a giant screen, revealing a plumper Jackson falling in love amid the New York skyline, wild cheers came from the audience. She flashed back to her Marilyn Monroe-esque phase for 'Love Will Never Do', and vamped with grotesque creatures for 'Trust A Try'. She performed a medley of 'What Have You Done For Me Lately', 'Control' and 'Nasty'. And she sang 'Miss You Much', 'When I Think of You' and 'Escapade' while dressed as a whimsical insect in a "Bug's Life" sort of fantasy land."[20]

Neva Chonin of the San Francisco Chronicle gave a positive review, stating that Jackson has been performing "for more than 28 years, but she's not slowing down. On the contrary, Jackson's tour supporting her sultry album 'All for You' is a whirling extravaganza of ever-transforming stage sets, amped-up dancing and music strong enough to rise above the furor. There are other attractions, too, such as Jackson donning dominatrix drag to simulate rites of masochistic love with a lucky audience member while singing 'Would You Mind', whose lyrics alone could make the coldest fish sweat. Have we mentioned her fabulous voice? She has a fabulous voice."[21] Gina Vivinetto of the St. Petersburg Times, who reviewed Jackson's concert at the Ice Palace, compared it favorably to Madonna's, as "both megastars have taken wildly different paths."[22] She comments that Madonna's "lengthy show contained precious few hits. Madonna was out to share her most recent artistic vision, whether or not you liked it" and in contrast, Jackson "sweats and shimmies and dishes out every hit she's had over a 15-year career that's bursting with them. Jackson even bunches several together in medleys so you don't go home feeling cheated."[22] Jodi Duckett of The Morning Call stated "the reigning star of the first family of pop kept the sold-out crowd at the First Union Center on their feet for two hours while she sang, danced, vamped, acted and posed, supported by eight dancers and a five-member band, a wardrobe that clung to every nook of her chiseled body and a fluid stage set."[23]

Recordings and broadcasts

The first three songs of the premiere concert in Portland were broadcast live on VH1 as Janet Jackson: Opening Night Live. Along with live reporting from the venue, the broadcast featured clips of Jackson's "Greatest Television Moments".[4] Her performance of "All for You" in Charlotte was broadcast on her brother Michael Jackson's United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert on October 21, 2001.[24] The February 16, 2002 concert in Honolulu aired on HBO the following night. It was directed by David Mallet. HBO's senior vice president of original programming Nancy Geller stated, "Janet Jackson is one of today's premier entertainers, and a favorite of our subscribers. Her spectacular show continues HBO's tradition of presenting the biggest and best music".[25] This was Jackson's second HBO concert special; the first being the broadcast of The Velvet Rope Tour. The program also featured never-before-seen footage of Jackson in her dressing room while changing into her costumes during the show. One day prior to the concert, the singer held a dress rehearsal and invited many fans who were waiting outside of the stadium inside. The dress rehearsal was also filmed, with parts being edited into the televised program. Missy Elliott also made a surprise appearance at the televised concert in Honolulu to perform during "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)". The broadcast was watched by more than twelve million viewers, and was later released on DVD and VHS, titled Janet: Live in Hawaii.[26]

Opening acts
  • 112 (North America—Leg 1)
  • Ginuwine (North America—Leg 2)

Set list

The following set list was used for the performance in Portland, Oregon. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.[27]

  1. "Come On Get Up"
  2. "You Ain't Right"
  3. "All for You"
  4. "Love Will Never Do (Without You)"
  5. "Trust a Try"
  6. "Come Back to Me" / "Let's Wait Awhile" / "Again"
  7. "Runaway" / "Miss You Much" / "When I Think of You" / "Escapade"
  8. "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)"
  9. "Got 'til It's Gone" / "That's the Way Love Goes"
  10. "What Have You Done for Me Lately" / "Control" / "Nasty" (contains elements of "I Just Wanna Love U (Give It 2 Me)")
  11. "Alright"
  12. "Love Scene (Ooh Baby)" (Instrumental Interlude)
  13. "Would You Mind"
  14. "If"
  15. "Black Cat"
  16. "Rhythm Nation" (contains excerpts from "The Knowledge)"
  17. "Doesn't Really Matter"
  18. "Someone to Call My Lover"
  19. "Together Again"

Tour dates
List of concerts, showing date, city, country, venue, opening act, tickets sold, amount of available tickets and gross revenue
Date City Country Venue Attendance[28] Revenue
North America[29]
July 7, 2001 Portland United States Rose Garden 10,594 / 12,330 $642,196
July 8, 2001 Seattle KeyArena 11,097 / 12,000 $692,073
July 9, 2001[lower-alpha 1] Vancouver Canada General Motors Place 12,123 / 16,986 $690,850
July 11, 2001 Calgary Pengrowth Saddledome 12,625 / 13,185 $713,717
July 14, 2001 Kansas City United States Kemper Arena 12,439 / 13,974 $770,614
July 15, 2001 St. Louis Scottrade Center 10,161 / 13,574 $534,815
July 17, 2001 Minneapolis Target Center 12,319 / 12,959 $756,324
July 21, 2001 Columbus Nationwide Arena 11,734 / 13,663 $785,591
July 22, 2001 Lexington Rupp Arena 10,673 / 10,890 $483,105
July 24, 2001 Moline The MARK of the Quad Cities 9,326 / 10,408 $587,395
July 26, 2001 Chicago United Center 31,795 / 42,219 $2,513,063
July 27, 2001
July 28, 2001
July 30, 2001 Auburn Hills The Palace of Auburn Hills 27,604 / 32,002 $1,768,638
July 31, 2001
August 2, 2001 Toronto Canada Air Canada Centre 14,112 / 15,967 $880,208
August 3, 2001 Montreal Bell Centre 9,261 / 10,160 $534,683
August 10, 2001 Buffalo United States HSBC Arena 10,124 / 15,250 $524,381
August 11, 2001 Hartford Hartford Civic Center 11,343 / 14,279 $726,558
August 16, 2001 Washington, D.C. MCI Center 39,010 / 43,557 $2,546,847
August 17, 2001
August 18, 2001
August 20, 2001 New York City Madison Square Garden 38,743 / 42,492 $3,175,670
August 22, 2001
August 23, 2001
August 25, 2001 Boston FleetCenter 26,892 / 26,892 $1,884,176
August 26, 2001
September 3, 2001 Cleveland Gund Arena 9,537 / 15,751 $641,612
September 5, 2001 Raleigh Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena N/A N/A
September 7, 2001 Nashville Gaylord Entertainment Center 9,227 / 11,686 $610,786
September 8, 2001 Atlanta Philips Arena 14,681 / 15,584 $852,683
September 9, 2001 Greensboro Greensboro Coliseum 10,856 / 13,368 $491,226
September 16, 2001 New Orleans New Orleans Arena 8,675 / 10,372 $564,038
September 18, 2001 Houston Compaq Center 10,166 / 10,827 $701,808
September 19, 2001 San Antonio Alamodome 12,890 / 16,823 $574,019
September 21, 2001 North Little Rock Alltel Arena 11,456 / 13,000 $569,166
September 22, 2001 Dallas American Airlines Center 12,325 / 12,722 $791,688
September 26, 2001 San Diego San Diego Sports Arena 10,131 / 14,383 $661,902
September 27, 2001 Phoenix America West Arena 12,417 / 12,956 $809,018
September 29, 2001 Anaheim Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim 11,124 / 12,001 $788,111
September 30, 2001 Sacramento ARCO Arena 10,022 / 11,526 $663,432
October 2, 2001 Los Angeles Staples Center 26,883 / 28,183 $1,998,752
October 3, 2001
October 5, 2001 Las Vegas MGM Grand Garden Arena N/A N/A
October 6, 2001
October 8, 2001 San Jose Compaq Center 25,819 / 27,817[lower-alpha 2] $1,832,508[lower-alpha 2]
October 9, 2001 Oakland The Arena in Oakland 13,217 / 14,118 $935,434
October 10, 2001 San Jose Compaq Center [lower-alpha 2] [lower-alpha 2]
October 12, 2001 Salt Lake City Delta Center 9,701 / 12,698 $590,068
October 13, 2001 Denver Pepsi Center 13,284 / 18,487 $857,118
October 16, 2001 Milwaukee Bradley Center 10,948 / 14,470 $449,079
October 18, 2001 Indianapolis Conseco Fieldhouse 10,707 / 14,420 $592,650
October 20, 2001 Pittsburgh Mellon Arena 10,041 / 13,052 $522,386
October 21, 2001 Charlotte Charlotte Coliseum 10,929 / 14,549 $480,831
October 23, 2001 Philadelphia First Union Center 13,220 / 14,125 $948,633
October 26, 2001 Tampa Ice Palace 11,400 / 14,215 $811,465
October 28, 2001 Sunrise National Car Rental Center 23,073 / 26,623 $1,280,001
October 29, 2001
Asia[31]
January 12, 2002 Osaka Japan Osaka Dome N/A N/A
January 13, 2002
January 17, 2002 Tokyo Tokyo Dome
January 18, 2002
North America[32]
January 25, 2002 Louisville United States Freedom Hall 11,891 / 14,934 $468,463
January 26, 2002 Champaign Assembly Hall 9,050 / 10,025 $408,518
January 29, 2002 Hamilton Canada Copps Coliseum 8,868 / 10,311 $438,027
January 30, 2002 Grand Rapids United States Van Andel Arena 9,474 / 10,722 $602,547
February 1, 2002 University Park Bryce Jordan Center 8,199 / 10,913 $377,212
February 2, 2002 Atlantic City Etess Arena N/A N/A
February 5, 2002 Uncasville Mohegan Sun Arena
February 6, 2002 Uniondale Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum 11,523 / 11,523 $686,216
February 8, 2002 Wilkes-Barre First Union Arena 7,101 / 7,101 $422,796
February 9, 2002 Hampton Hampton Coliseum 8,847 / 8,934 $428,779
February 16, 2002 Honolulu Aloha Stadium 31,964 / 33,505 $1,472,935
Total 751,621 / 874,511 $44,702,303
  1. The July 9, 2001 concert in Vancouver was originally planned to take place on July 5, 2001 but was postponed due to scheduling conflicts.[30]
  2. The score data is combined from the shows held at the Compaq Center on October 8 and 10, 2001.

Cancelled dates
List of cancelled concerts
Date City Country Venue Reason
July 10, 2001 Edmonton Canada Skyreach Centre Stage delivery delays[33]
August 30, 2001 Birminhgam United States BJCC Arena Flu[34]
October 31, 2001 Stockholm Sweden Stockholm Globe Arena September 11 attacks[35]
November 2, 2001 Helsinki Finland Hartwall Areena
November 5, 2001 Oslo Norway Oslo Spektrum
November 6, 2001 Copenhagen Denmark Parken Stadium
November 11, 2001 Berlin Germany Velodrom
November 12, 2001 Hanover Preussag Arena
November 14, 2001 Frankfurt Festhalle Frankfurt
November 15, 2001 Leipzig Arena Leipzig
November 17, 2001 Zürich Switzerland Hallenstadion
November 18, 2001 Vienna Austria Wiener Stadthalle
November 19, 2001 Cologne Germany Kölnarena
November 20, 2001 Oberhausen König Pilsener Arena
November 22, 2001 Munich Olympiahalle
November 26, 2001 Paris France Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy
November 29, 2001 Antwerp Belgium Sportpaleis
December 1, 2001 Arnhem Netherlands GelreDome
December 3, 2001 Stuttgart Germany Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle
December 5, 2001 Manchester England Manchester Evening News Arena
December 6, 2001 Newcastle Telewest Arena
December 8, 2001 Sheffield Sheffield Arena
December 11, 2001 London Earls Court Exhibition Centre
December 12, 2001
December 14, 2001 Belfast Northern Ireland Odyssey Arena
December 17, 2001 Birmingham England NEC Arena

Personnel

The band
  • Musical director: David Barry
  • Drums: Brian Frasier-Moore
  • Keyboards: Joel Campbell and Morris Pleasure
  • Guitar: David Barry
  • Bass: Ethan Farmer
  • Background vocals: Julie Delgado, Jenny Douglas-McCrae, Stacey Campbell (select shows)

The dancers
  • Shawnette Heard (main choreographer)
  • Gil Duldulao, Jr. (associate choreographer)
  • Eddie Morales (associate choreographer)
  • Kelly Konno (assistant choreographer)
  • Jenna Dewan
  • Alison Faulk
  • Nicholas Florez
  • Laurie Sposit (swing dancer)
  • Kevin Wilson
  • Luis Sanchez
  • Marcel Wilson (swing dancer)

Production
  • Set designed by Mark Fisher, Janet Jackson, Shawnette Heard
  • Lighting designed by Abby Rosen Holmes
  • Video Content Designed by Mindpool Live

References
  1. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  2. "U2 Tour Tops Pollstar Year-End List". T4C. December 29, 2001. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
  3. "2002 Top 100 Tours" (PDF). Pollstar. January 6, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  4. "Janet Postpones Tour Opener". Billboard.
  5. https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/music/janet-jackson-announces-sept-4-edmonton-show
  6. "Billboard Bits: Janet, System of a Down, Blind Melon". Billboard. August 8, 2001.
  7. "Janet's NYC Show Bumped By WNBA Playoffs". Billboard.
  8. "Janet Postpones Two Shows, Cancels Another". Billboard.
  9. "Janet Jackson coming to the Straz Center in Tampa". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
  10. "Destiny's Child, Janet Jackson, Pantera, Others Cancel, Postpone Concerts". MTV News.
  11. "Janet Jackson Cancels European Tour". Billboard.
  12. NME.COM. "JANET JACKSON CANCELS EUROPEAN TOUR". NME.COM.
  13. Jennifer Van Evra (2001-07-10), "Janet Jackson kicks off new tour to deafening cheers: Now 35 and with her new album in tow, Jackson is showing off a much sassier, sexier, more confident self", The Vancouver Sun, p. B.7
  14. Kevin C. Johnson (2001-07-17), "Janet's Show Revisits 98 Too Often", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. F.3
  15. Craig Seymour (2001-08-11), "Giving Her 'All' R & B Diva Janet Jackson Assertively Takes Control Of An Enthusiastic Crowd", Buffalo News, p. C.5
  16. Jim Farber (2001-08-21), "Janet's All For You, If You Can Find Her", New York Daily News, p. 6
  17. Sonia Murry (2001-09-09), "Janet Jackson a hit at Philips No sign of recent illnesses during energetic show", The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, p. E.16
  18. "Let Jackson's Energetic Beat Go On". Los Angeles Times. Massey, David. 2001-10-06. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
  19. Robert Hilburn (2001-10-01), "Jackson's 'All for You' Concert Misses the Beat", Los Angeles Times, p. F.1
  20. Sandra Barrera (2001-10-01), "Giving Her 'All' Jackson Pours Her Heart Into Thrilling Her Fans On Latest Tour", Los Angeles Daily News, p. L.11
  21. Neva Chonin (2001-10-07), "In a whirl", San Francisco Chronicle, p. 9
  22. Neva Chonin (2001-10-27), "Let Janet entertain you", St. Petersburg Times, p. 2.B
  23. Jodi Duckett (2001-10-27), "Janet Jackson turns up heat in Philly", The Morning Call, p. A.43
  24. "rfk21.html". Archived from the original on 16 November 2001.
  25. "Janet Heads To Hawaii For HBO Live Special". Billboard. Archived from the original on 2014-10-18. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
  26. "Music DVD Review: Janet Jackson – Live in Hawaii (Re-Release)". Blog Critics. 2008-03-31. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  27. Sheppard, Denise (July 10, 2001). "Ms. Janet Jackson Gets Nasty". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  28. "Artist Tour History Report". Pollstar. November 17, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  29. Moss, Corey (May 30, 2001). "Janet Jackson Adds More Dates To Tour". MTV News. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on 2001-12-18. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  30. Norris, John (July 5, 2001). "Janet Jackson Cancels Tour Opener". MTV News. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on 2002-04-05. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  31. Brasor, Philip (January 23, 2002). "Love always, Janet". The Japan Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  32. Moss, Corey (December 7, 2001). "Janet Jackson's Troubled Tour Extended Into 2002". MTV News. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on 2001-12-08. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  33. https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/music/janet-jackson-announces-sept-4-edmonton-show
  34. Vineyard, Jennifer (August 28, 2001). "Janet Jackson's Tour Itinerary Succumbs To Flu Again". MTV News. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on 2001-12-08. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  35. Brandle, Lars; Cohen, Jonathan (October 1, 2001). "Janet Jackson Cancels European Tour". Billboard. VNU eMedia, Inc. Archived from the original on 2002-02-04. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
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