Alamitos Creek

Alamitos Creek or Los Alamitos Creek[2] is a 7.7-mile-long (12.4 km)[3] creek in San Jose, California, which becomes the Guadalupe River when it exits Lake Almaden and joins Guadalupe Creek. Los Alamitos Creek is located in Almaden Valley and originates from the Los Capitancillos Ridge and the Santa Cruz Mountains. This creek flows through the Valley's Guadalupe Watershed, which is owned by the Santa Clara Valley Water District. The creek flows in a generally northwesterly direction after rounding the Los Capitancillos Ridge and the town of New Almaden, in the southwest corner, before ambling along the Santa Teresa Hills on northeast side of the Almaden Valley. Its environment has some relatively undisturbed areas and considerable lengths of suburban residential character. Originally called Arroyo de los Alamitos, the creek's name is derived from "little poplar", "alamo" being the Spanish word for "poplar" or "cottonwood".[4]

Los Alamitos Creek
Arroyo de los Alamitos [1]
Los Alamitos Creek Trail
Location of the mouth in California
EtymologySpanish language
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
RegionSanta Clara County
CitySan Jose, California
Physical characteristics
SourceAlmaden Reservoir
 • location10 mi (16 km) west of Morgan Hill, California
 • coordinates37°9′56″N 121°49′34″W[2]
MouthGuadalupe River
 • location
San Jose, California
 • coordinates
37°14′48″N 121°52′16″W[2]
 • elevation
194 ft (59 m)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • rightArroyo Calero

History

The Alamitos Creek banks were inhabited by Native American tribes thousands of years ago and up until the time of Spanish exploration. Evidence of middens and traces of that hunter-gatherer civilization has been recorded from archeological excavations and surface finds. From the mid-19th century until the 1970s, operation of the New Almaden Quicksilver Mines discharged high levels of mercury into the creek near its headwaters and the remaining piles of exposed mine tailings still contaminate the creek beyond natural levels. Warning signs to not eat fish caught in the Alamitos Creek still run the length of its course.[5] In the 1940s and 1950s, rapid residential development expanded into this portion of the Almaden Valley including building which encroached into the 100-year floodplain. The Santa Clara Valley Water District began studying this watershed with emphasis upon flood control functions, and made some minor streambed alterations such as energy dissipators. In 1976 the District developed a comprehensive flood control plan and retained Earth Metrics Inc. to prepare an independent Environmental Impact Report.[6] The resulting study developed the first comprehensive data base of biology, water quality, geology and cultural resources information for Alamitos Creek. In 1989 the city of San Jose undertook an analysis to create a creekside trail from Almaden Quicksilver County Park to a location along Alamitos Creek about .6 mile below the confluence with Arroyo Calero.[7]

Watershed

Alamitos Creek drains an area of approximately 38 square miles (98 km2),[8] and begins at the base of Almaden Reservoir, although the reservoir is fed by Herbert Creek whose source is just south of the peak of Mount Umunhum. In addition to Herbert Creek, the reservoir has several minor tributaries including Barret Creek, Jacques Gulch, and Larrabee Creek. Barret Creek begins in Barret Canyon draining the north slope of Loma Prieta, the tallest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, and joins Herbert Creek from the south just before joining Almaden Reservoir. Barret Creek gained significant protection in 2018 when the Peninsula Open Space Trust, the Santa Clara Valley Open Space Authority and the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District purchased 500 acres of land to preserve as open space. “Rainbow trout in Barret Creek were [once] so plentiful that fishermen used to catch them by the hundreds,” said Vice President Marti Tedesco of the Peninsula Open Space Trust.[9]

Downstream of Almaden Reservoir, Alamitos Creek has another major tributary, Arroyo Calero. Arroyo Calero's upstream reach was dammed to form Calero Reservoir.[10]

Alamitos Creek feeds into Lake Almaden (not to be confused with Almaden Reservoir). Lake Almaden was formed by a private gravel quarry operation which changed a meadow once grazed by dairy cows into the lake. Mercury and Canada goose excrement pollute the lake so that it remains closed to the public. Lake Almaden is a great impediment to native steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) migration, as it is home to many non-native predatory fish, such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). It also serves as a heat sink elevating river water temperatures downstream and creating a large warm lake area difficult for trout to migrate through.[11] Santa Clara Valley Water District is in the process of separating the creek from the lake to address these problems, expecting to be done in 2022.[12]

After it exits the lake, Alamitos Creek is joined by Guadalupe Creek. This confluence is the origin of the Guadalupe River mainstem, just west of Almaden Expressway and north of Coleman Road.

Ecology

Alamitos Creek once supported runs of steelhead. In July and August 1997, the Santa Clara Valley Water District electrofished sites near Alamitos Creek's confluence with Golf Creek near the McKean Road crossing.[8]

In the downstream rocky streambed reaches of the creek there are a variety of birds commonly observed including mallard, black phoebe, common merganser, red-shouldered hawk, snowy egret, belted kingfisher, great blue heron and black-crowned night-heron.[13] There are a few mammals on the lower reaches such as raccoon. Vegetation includes upland tree species such as coast live oak and California bay laurel; understory growth such as coyote brush, toyon and poison oak; and riparian vegetation such as red willow and wild blackberry.

In the extreme downstream reaches rufous-crowned sparrow, California thrasher and American kestrel can be observed on chaparral slopes. In the oak woodlands along the creek, acorn woodpecker, California quail, Anna's hummingbird, scrub jay, oak titmouse, bushtit, Bewick's wren, and spotted towhee can be found.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a "Do Not Eat" for any fish caught in Alamitos Creek due to elevated mercury.[14]

Los Alamitos Creek Trail

The Los Alamitos Creek Trail or Alamitos Creek Trail is a paved, 4.7-mile (7.6 km) pedestrian and bicycle trail that runs along Alamitos Creek, from Harry Road (south) to Lake Almaden Park (north). As the trail crosses beneath the Coleman Road bridge, it meets the confluence of Guadalupe Creek and becomes the Guadalupe River Trail. A paved trail system which continues along the Guadalupe River extending northward to Chynoweth Avenue. As an alternative to walking under a narrow crawl corridor below the Almaden Expressway bridge, hikers can continue by using sidewalks and the signalized intersection of Coleman Road/Almaden Expressway, trail users can follow the Guadalulpe Creek Trail westward to Meridian Avenue (unpaved, interim gravel surface).[15]

See also

References
  1. David L. Durham (2001). Durham's Place Names of California's San Francisco Bay Area: Includes Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Contra Costa, Alameda, Solano & Santa Clara counties. Word Dancer Press. p. 4. ISBN 9781884995354.
  2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Alamitos Creek
  3. U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-04-05 at WebCite, accessed March 15, 2011
  4. Erwin G. Gudde, William Bright (2004). California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. University of California Press. p. 6. ISBN 9780520242173.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-02. Retrieved 2013-05-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. Environmental Impact Report for the Alamitos and Calero Creek flood Control Plan, Earth Metrics Inc., California State Clearinghouse (1976)
  7. Feasibility study for providing a trail between Almaden Quicksilver Park and the Almaden Park via the Alamitos Creek, San Jose Parks and Recreation Dept., March, 1989
  8. Leidy, R.A.; G.S. Becker; B.N. Harvey (2005). Historical distribution and current status of steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in streams of the San Francisco Estuary, California (PDF) (Report). Oakland, California: Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  9. Judy Peterson (Jun 7, 2018). "Open space purchases in Santa Cruz Mountains will create new trail connections, wildlife corridor". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  10. "Arroyo Calero". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
  11. "Almaden Lake Project". Archived from the original on 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
  12. "Almaden Lake Improvement Project". Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  13. "Along the Alamitos Creek Trail: Birds occurring". Archived from the original on 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
  14. Monserrat, Laurie (2015-03-11). "Alamitos Creek". OEHHA. Retrieved 2018-06-11.
  15. "Los Alamitos Creek Trail". San Jose Trail Network Website. City of San Jose. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
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