Adelphobates

Adelphobates is a small genus of poison dart frogs. They are found in the central and lower Amazon basin of Peru and Brazil, possibly Bolivia.[2] It was originally erected as a sister group to the Dendrobates and Oophaga genera.[1] The validity of the genus is still being discussed, with the alternative being "Dendrobates galactonotus group" within Dendrobates.[2] One species originally placed in this genus as Adelphobates captivus has since been moved to the genus Excidobates erected in 2008.[3]

Adelphobates
Adelphobates castaneoticus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
Genus: Adelphobates
Grant et al., 2006[1]
Type species
Adelphobates castaneoticus
(Caldwell and Myers, 1990)
Species

3 species (see text)

Etymology

Adelphobates is from the Ancient Greek, adelphos (brother or twin) and bates (walker or climber)."Brothers" refers to Charles W. Myers and John W. Daly, two unrelated scientists directly involved with studies of the species.[1]

Biology

All members have conspicuous, vibrant coloration, and smooth skin.[1] A peculiar feature of their reproduction is that tadpoles are transported to Brazil nut capsules lying on the forest floor. Cannibalism may result if more than one tadpole ends up in the same capsule.[4]

Poison

All Adelphobates frogs are toxic and noxius. Like frogs of the genus Dendrobates, Adelphobates contain Pumiliotoxin 251D, which is hydroxylated to Allopumiliotoxin 267A, which is 5 times more toxic. The median lethal dose is 200 µg/kg and 40 µg/kg respectively.[5][6]

Species

There are three species:[2][7]

ImageScientific nameCommon nameDistribution
Adelphobates castaneoticus (Caldwell and Myers, 1990)Brazil-nut poison frogstate of Pará in Brazil
Adelphobates galactonotus (Steindachner, 1864)splash-backed poison frog or splashback poison frogsouthern Amazon Basin in Brazil.
Adelphobates quinquevittatus (Steindachner, 1864) Amazonian poison frogsouthern Amazon Basin in Brazil and Bolivia.

References
  1. Grant, Taran; Frost, Darrel R.; Caldwell, Janalee P.; Gagliardo, Ron; Haddad, Célio F.B.; Kok, Philippe J.R.; Means, D. Bruce; Noonan, Brice P.; Schargel, Walter E.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Adelphobates Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  3. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Excitobates Twomey and Brown, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  4. Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 490.
  5. Daly, John W.; Ware, Nathaniel; Saporito, Ralph A.; Spande, Thomas F.; Garraffo, H. Martin (June 2009). "N-Methyldecahydroquinolines: An Unexpected Class of Alkaloids from Amazonian Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae)". Journal of Natural Products. 72 (6): 1110–1114. doi:10.1021/np900094v. ISSN 0163-3864. PMC 3290094. PMID 19432407.
  6. Schulte, Bruce A.; Goodwin, Thomas E.; Ferkin, Michael H. (2015-12-09). Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 13. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-22026-0.
  7. "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.

Data related to Adelphobates at Wikispecies

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