Abdul Mahdi Government

The Abdul Mahdi government was a former government of Iraq, headed by the resigned Prime Minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi. It was approved by the Council of Representatives on 24 October 2018[1] and followed a general election in May 2018. The United Nations described the formation as an "exemplary peaceful transfer of power".[2]

Adil Abdul Mahdi, the head of government

Background

The general election in May 2018 returned the most divided parliament since the invasion of Iraq in 2003. The most successful coalition was Marching Towards Reform (Saairun), whose principle components were Sadrists – followers of the nationalist cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, whose support comes mainly from Shi'a poor – and the leftist Iraqi Communist Party. They gained 54 seats – just 16% of the total. Other significant parties were the Fatah Alliance with 47 – formed by leading members of the Popular Mobilization Forces (Al-Hashd al-Sha'abi), who had taken a leading role in the fight to defeat the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, who took control of much of Iraq in 2014 – and the Victory Alliance (42) of Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi. The Kurdistan Democratic Party and the State of Law party of former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki both won 25 seats.

Government formation was delayed due to widespread complaints of electoral fraud associated with the electronic voting machines. The outgoing parliament ordered a manual recount, supervised by the courts. This was appealed to the Supreme Court, which ordered a recount on June 21.[3] The final results were announced on August 9 – nearly three months after the vote – starting the constitutional process to form a new government.[4]

Parliament convened on 3 September, but were unable to elect a speaker due to rivalries between two blocs who both claimed to be the largest coalition, entitled to nominate the Prime Minister. Al-Abadi presented an alliance with Saairun, Wataniya, Hikma and other smaller lists who between then held a majority of seats. However, Fatah also claimed to have a majority, based on an alliance with State of Law and with members of Abadi's coalition who had defected.[5] Two weeks later parliament reconvened and elected a speaker in a secret ballot, with candidates from each of the rival blocs. Muhammad al-Halbusi, backed by Fatah was elected.[6]

At the same time, violent protests occurred in Basra and other cities in the south over polluted water – which had hospitalised tens of thousands of people – and the lack of reliable electricity. Religious leaders called for a new Prime Minister who hadn't been in government before. Abadi announced on 13 September 2018 that he would respect this call and not run for a second term as prime minister.[7]

The vote for the President took place on 2 October. Previously, the president had always been a member of the second-largest Kurdish party, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, under an agreement with the Kurdistan Democratic Party whereby the KDP would be president of Iraqi Kurdistan. However, the KDP fielded a separate candidate, Fuad Hussein, insisting that they had the right to the Presidency as the largest party. Both candidates went to a vote in the parliament, with the PUK's Barham Salih winning. He immediately nominated independent Shi'ite Adel Abdul Mahdi, a former oil minister seen as acceptable to all parties and to both Iran and the United States, as Prime Minister-designate.[8]

Abdul Mahdi invited people to apply to a new online website if they wanted to be a minister, in a bid to bring in new faces and appoint a cabinet of technocrats.[9] He also asked for parties to nominate multiple candidates for the ministries so that he could choose the best candidate among them. He presented his 22 ministers to parliament on 26 October – none of whom had come through the online applications. Fourteen candidates were approved, but parliament refused to vote on 8 candidates. The session was delayed until 8 November, with Abdul Mahdi filling the posts personally on a temporary basis.[10] The candidates not voted on were:

  1. Hassan al-Rubaie, a commander of the Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq militia, nominated Culture Minister;[11]
  2. Faisal al-Jarba, an air force pilot, nominated Defense Minister[11]
  3. Faleh al-Fayyad, head of the Hashd al-Shaabi, nominated Interior Minister[11]

Hassan al-Rubaie withdrew his candidacy on 12 November.[12]

Three further ministers were approved on 18 December, after Fatah and Saairun agreed to have a vote on the ministries "not shrouded in disagreements" – a reference to the on-going controversy with the Interior and Defence Minister nominations. The Ministers of Planning, Higher Education and Culture were confirmed, with the Ministers of Education and Displacement not receiving enough votes.[13] Ministers of Education and Displacement were approved in a session on 24 December but when al-Fayyad was proposed again for Interior Minister, Saairun walked out denying parliament its quorum.[14]

Members
Portfolio Website Minister Coalition Party Dates
Prime MinisterAdil Abdul-Mahdinone24 October 2018
Sovereign Ministries
Interior Ministerwww.moi.gov.iqYassin al-YasiriNational Wisdom Movement24 June 2019
Finance Ministerwww.mof.gov.iqFuad HusseinKurdistan Democratic PartyKurdistan Democratic Party24 October 2018
Foreign Ministerwww.mofa.gov.iqMohamed Ali Alhakimnonenone24 October 2018
Defense Ministerwww.mod.mil.iqNajah al-Shammarial-Wataniya24 June 2019
Oil Ministerwww.oil.gov.iqThamir Ghadhban nonenone24 October 2018
Other Ministries
Agriculture MinisterSalih al-Hassani none 24 October 2018
Communications Minister
www.nmc.gov.iq		Naim al-Rubaye independent 24 October 2018
Culture Minister http://www.mocul.gov.iq/ Abdulameer al-Hamdani 18 December 2018
Housing & Reconstruction Ministerwww.moch.gov.iqBangin RekaniKurdistan Democratic PartyKurdistan Democratic Party24 October 2018
Electricity Ministerwww.moelc.gov.iqLuay al-Khatteeb none24 October 2018
Education Minister Suha Khalil Al-Ali Beg 24 December 2018
Health Ministerwww.moh.gov.iqAlaa Al-Awani 24 October 2018
Higher Education Minister Qusay al-Suhail Sadrist Movement 18 December 2018
Industry & Minerals Ministerwww.industry.gov.iqAbdullah al-Jubouri none24 October 2018
Labour & Social Affairs Ministerwww.molsa.gov.iqBassem al-Rubaye none24 October 2018
Migration Minister Nawfal Moussa 24 December 2018
Planning Minister Nuri al-Dulaimi Iraqi Islamic Party 18 December 2018
Trade Ministerwww.mot.gov.iqMohammad Hashim none24 October 2018
Transport Ministerwww.motrans.gov.iqAbdullah Luaibi none24 October 2018
Water Resources Ministerwww.mowr.gov.iqJamal al-Adil none24 October 2018
Youth & Sport Ministerwww.moys.gov.iqAhmed Obeidi none24 October 2018

References
  1. "ISHM: October 19 - 25, 2018 - Iraq". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
  2. "Outgoing UN official praises Iraq's 'exemplary peaceful transfer of power' at the top". UN News. 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
  3. Al-awsat, Asharq. "Iraq: Supreme Court Settles Debate over Amendment of Electoral Law". aawsat.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2018-06-24.
  4. "Iraq announces final results of parliamentary elections after manual recount - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
  5. "Iraqi parliament holds first session since May election, but fails..." Reuters. 2018-09-03. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
  6. "Iraq Elects Pro-Iran Sunni As Parliament Speaker". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
  7. "Al Abadi indicates he won't seek second term". AP. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  8. "New Iraq president names PM-designate". BBC News. 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
  9. "Fancy being a member of Iraq's cabinet? Just apply online". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
  10. "Iraq's New Prime Minister Trips on His First Hurdle". www.bloomberg.com. 2018-10-26. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
  11. "Iraqi prime minister tested by early balancing acts | Sami Moubayed | AW". AW. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
  12. Kurdistan24. "Iranian-backed Shia militia member withdraws candidacy for Iraq's Minister of Culture". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
  13. "Iraq's parliament confirms cabinet ministers, but divisions remain". Reuters. 2018-12-18. Retrieved 2018-12-23.
  14. "Iraq appoints two more ministers but government still incomplete". Reuters. 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
Preceded by
Al Abadi Government		 Abdul Mahdi Government
24 October 2018 – 7 May 2020		 Succeeded by
Al-Kadhimi Government
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