AP English Literature and Composition
Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition (or AP English Literature and Composition, AP Lit and Comp, Senior AP English, AP Lit, or AP English IV) is a course and examination offered by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program. When AP exams were first implemented, English Language and English Literature were initially combined. They separated in 1980.
The course
Designated for motivated students with a command of standard English, an interest in exploring and analyzing challenging classical and contemporary literature, and a desire to analyze and interpret dominant literary genres and themes, it is often offered to high school seniors and the other AP English course, AP English Language and Composition, to juniors. The College Board does not restrict courses by grade. Students learn and apply methods of literary analysis and write with a variety of purposes to increase precision in expression. Students in AP English Literature and Composition typically sit for the national AP examination administered each May for the College Board by the Educational Testing Service. The College Board publishes changing information about all AP courses and examinations on its web site.
On one of the three essays students write as part of the examination, students choose a work of literature they will write about. Readers of the exam who get an essay on a work they have not read typically pass the essay to a reader who has. The scoring guides that readers use to rate the essays are developed by experienced readers on site just before the reading begins each June, using some of the actual exam essays. Since those scoring guides do not exist before the Reading, instructors cannot teach to them but focus instead on encouraging text-based analysis.
Commonly read literary works
The College Board publishes a recommended reading list, while emphasizing that it "does not mandate any particular authors or reading list." The reading list contains four major categories:
- Poetry, ranging from the 16th century (William Shakespeare) to contemporary poets (Seamus Heaney);
- Drama, ranging from Greek tragedies (Aeschylus) to post-modern absurdists (Tom Stoppard);
- Fiction – novels and short stories, from the 18th century comedies of manner of Jane Austen to the famous "Lost Generation" of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway;
- Expository prose (essays), including Ralph Waldo Emerson and George Orwell.
All categories also incorporate works from traditionally under-represented writers, especially from racial minorities.
Grade distributions
In the 2012 administration, 380,608 students took the exam, with a mean score of 2.80.[1]
The grade distributions since 2008 were:
| Score | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014[2] | 2015 | 2016[3] | 2017[4] | 2018[5] | 2019[6] | 2020[7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 6.5% | 7.4% | 8.1% | 8.4% | 8.3% | 7.6% | 7.7% | 7.6% | 7.4% | 6.8% | 5.6% | 6.2% | 9.3% |
| 4 | 19.9% | 20.5% | 19.1% | 17.8% | 18.0% | 18.9% | 17.8% | 18.2% | 17.7% | 16.1% | 14.6% | 15.9% | 17.3% |
| 3 | 33.9% | 30.8% | 30.2% | 31.0% | 30.4% | 31.6% | 29.5% | 30.5% | 29.5% | 29.9% | 27.2% | 28.0% | 33.5% |
| 2 | 30.6% | 31.3% | 32.6% | 32.1% | 32.3% | 31.6% | 33.0% | 32.6% | 33.4% | 33.9% | 36.1% | 34.3% | 27.7% |
| 1 | 9.1% | 10.1% | 10.0% | 10.7% | 11.1% | 10.3% | 12.1% | 11.1% | 12% | 13.3% | 16.5% | 15.6% | 12.2% |
| % of Scores 3 or Higher | 60.3% | 58.7% | 57.4% | 57.2% | 56.7% | 58.1% | 55.0% | 56.3% | 54.6% | 52.8% | 47.4% | 50.1% | 60.1% |
| Mean | 2.84 | 2.84 | 2.83 | 2.81 | 2.80 | 2.82 | 2.76 | 2.79 | 2.75 | 2.69 | 2.57 | 2.63 | 2.84 |
| Standard Deviation | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.13 |
| Number of Students | 320,358 | 332,352 | 353,781 | 367,962 | 380,608 | 385,576 | 397,477 | 401,076 | 405,446 | 404,137 | |||
Benefits
Independent research on the academic benefits of the Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition course indicates that not all students receive academic benefits from participating in the course. In a study with a sample size of over 90,000, the authors found that students who took the AP English Literature and Composition course did not receive any increase in academic achievement unless they also prepared for and took the AP test. The authors controlled for over 70 intervening variables and found that AP students who took and passed the English Composition and Literature exam had ACT scores that were 2.8 points higher than non-AP students or AP English students who did not take their course's AP test.[8] This led the authors to state that AP participation "... is not beneficial to students who merely enroll in the courses ..."[8]:p. 414
References
- 2014 AP Exam Score Distributions
- Total Registration. "2016 AP Exam Score Distributions". www.totalregistration.net. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
- Total Registration. "2017 AP Exam Score Distributions". www.totalregistration.net. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- Registration, Total. "2018 AP Exam Score Distributions". www.totalregistration.net. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
- Total Registration (June 14, 2019). "2019 AP Exam Score Distributions". www.totalregistration.net. Retrieved 2019-06-17.
- Total Registration. "2020 AP Exam Score Distributions". www.totalregistration.net. Retrieved 2020-07-07.
- Warne, Russell T.; Larsen, Ross; Anderson, Braydon; Odasso, Alyce J. (2015). "The impact of participation in the Advanced Placement program on students' college admissions test scores". The Journal of Educational Research. 108 (5): 400–416. doi:10.1080/00220671.2014.917253. hdl:10.1080/00220671.2014.917253.