9th century BC

The 9th century BC started the first day of 900 BC and ended the last day of 801 BC. It was a period of great change for several civilizations. In Africa, Carthage is founded by the Phoenicians. In Egypt, a severe flood covers the floor of Luxor temple, and years later, a civil war starts.

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	10th century BC 9th century BC 8th century BC
Timelines:	10th century BC 9th century BC 8th century BC
State leaders:	10th century BC 9th century BC 8th century BC
Decades:	890s BC 880s BC 870s BC 860s BC 850s BC 840s BC 830s BC 820s BC 810s BC 800s BC
Categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments

It is the beginning of the Iron Age in Central Europe, with the spread of the Proto-Celtic Hallstatt culture, and the Proto-Celtic language.

Events

King Jehu of the Kingdom of Israel bows before Shalmaneser III of Assyria.

890s BC

• 895 BC: Death of King Xiao of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 894 BC: King Yi of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 892 BC: Megacles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Diognetus.
• 891 BC: Tukulti-Ninurta II succeeds his father Adad-nirari II as king of Assyria.
• 890 BC: Napoli some reports and excavations about the foundation of the city

880s BC

• 889 BC: Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt.
• 884 BC: Ashurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-Ninurta II as king of Assyria.

870s BC

• 879 BC: Death of King Yi of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 878 BC: King Li of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 874 BC: Osorkon II succeeds Takelot I as king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
• 874 BC: Ahab becomes king of Kingdom of Israel (approximate date).
• 872 BC: Parshvanatha, 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism was born.[1]
• 872 BC: An exceptionally high flood from the Nile covers the floors of the Temple of Luxor.

860s BC

• 865 BC: Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III.
• 864 BC: Diognetus, Archon of Athens, dies after a reign of 28 years and is succeeded by his son Pherecles.
• 860 BC: The kingdom of Urartu is unified.

850s BC

• 858 BC: Aramu becomes king of Urartu.
• 858 BC: Shalmaneser III succeeds Ashurnasirpal II as king of Assyria.
• 854/3 BC: Battle of Karkar—An indecisive engagement between Assyrian king Shalmaneser III and a military alliance of the king of Damascus and lesser powers including the prince of Tyre. (Either 854 or 853 BC)
• 850 BC: Takelot II succeeds Osorkon II as King of Egypt.
• 850 BC: The Middle Mumun Pottery Period begins in the Korean peninsula.

840s BC

• 845 BC: Pherecles, Archon of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron.
• 842 BC: Shalmaneser III devastates the territory of Damascus; Kingdom of Israel and the Phoenician cities send tribute.
• 841 BC: Death of King Li of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 841 BC: Records of the Grand Historian regards this year as the first year of consecutive annual dating of Chinese history.
• 840 BC: Gopala Dynasty started in Nepal, first dynasty to rule in a country named Nepal despite its present geographical boundaries.

830s BC

• 836 BC: Shalmaneser III of Assyria leads an expedition against the Tabareni.
• 836 BC: Civil war breaks out in Egypt.

820s BC

• 827 BC: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 825 BC: Takelot II, king of Egypt, dies. Crown Prince Osorkon III and Shoshenq III, sons of Takelot, battle for the throne.
• c. 825 BC: Ariphron, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Thespieus.
• 823 BC: Death of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria. He is succeeded by his son Shamshi-Adad V.
• 820 BC: Pygmalion ascends the throne of Tyre.

810s BC

• 817 BC: Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty.
• 814 BC: Carthage is founded by Dido (traditional date).
• 811 BC: Adad-nirari III succeeds his father Shamshi-Adad V as king of Assyria.

800s BC

• 804 BC: Adad-nirari III of Assyria conquers Damascus.
• 804 BC: Death of Pedubastis I, pharaoh.
• c. 800 BC: Etruscan civilization.
• Beginning of the Iron Age in Central Europe, spread of the Proto-Celtic Hallstatt culture, and the Proto-Celtic language.
• Adena culture appears in present-day Northeastern United States.

Significant persons

• Elijah, a 9th-century BC prophet found in the Old Testament (Tanakh) of the Bible.
• 872 BC: Parshvanatha, 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism was born.[1]
• Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria (858 BC–824 BC)

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• First inscriptions in Epigraphic South Arabian found in Akkele Guzay[2]
• 9th century BC—Olmecs build pyramids.
• 9th century BC - Canal for transport constructed in Ancient China.
• Emergence of the Brahmana period of Vedic Sanskrit, probable composition of the Shatapatha Brahmana, and the first beginning of the Upanishadic and Vedantic traditions of Hinduism.
• 9th century BC -- Parshvanath gives Jain philosophy of Karma theory, Vows of Sramana (Ahimsa, Asteya, Aparigraha, Satya)

In works of fiction

• In Highlander, the immortal Juan Sánchez Villa-Lobos Ramírez (Sean Connery) was born in Egypt in 896 BC.
• In True Blood, the vampire known as Russell Edgington was born around 850 BC, and was turned about 800 BC.

Sovereign States

See: List of sovereign states in the 9th century BC.

Notes

1. Zimmer 1952, p. 182-183.
2. Fattovich, Rodolfo, "Akkälä Guzay" in Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, 2003, p. 169.

References

• Zimmer, Heinrich (1952), Joseph Campbell (ed.), Philosophy of India, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, Not in copyright