8th World Festival of Youth and Students

The Eighth World Festival of Youth and Students (WFYS) was held in 1962, in Helsinki, the capital of Finland.

8th World Festival of Youth and Students
Host country	Finland
Date	1962
Cities	Helsinki
Participants	18,000, from 137 countries

The World Federation of Democratic Youth organized this festival together with the International Union of Students.[1] Finland was the second country, after Austria, to host the event despite being a non-aligned state. The festival ended up costing 247 million markka (4.9 million 2013 euros).

Over 1,000 events were planned as part of the festival, and its attendants were provided with free dining and housing in Helsinki. About 18,000 people from 137 countries attended. It was the largest event organised in Helsinki since the 1952 Summer Olympics. According to local newspapers, there were at least 40,000 people present at the finishing event of the festival.[1] Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin notably attended the festival.[2]

The festival provided an opportunity to young Finns to, for the first time, come in contact with youths from the socialist countries and third world countries outside of Europe.

The motto of the festival was For Peace and Friendship.

Reactions to the festival

National reception

The festival was not particularly popular among Finland's leadership. President Kekkonen spent almost the entirety of the festival at his summer house in Kultaranta and out of the parties, only the Finnish People's Democratic League, Communist Party of Finland and the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders were positive about the festival. Later, however, president Kekkonen attended one of the festival events in person.[1]

Local media outlets were totally quiet about the festival with the exception of Hufvudstadsbladet, which adopted a neutral stance, and the newspapers of the FPDL, CPF and SFUWS. The official newspaper of the festival, Helsinki Youth News, was printed in the printshops of Demokraatti, Helsingin Sanomat and Uusi Suomi.[2]

Opposition

The United States had tried to pressure the Finnish government not to allow the festivals to be arranged in Finland. When this failed, the United States decided to organise a counter-festival together with the United Kingdom. This was managed through the Independent Research Service, an organisation which also published the Festival's Free Tribune in three languages during the festival. The editor of this newspaper was the future mayor of Helsinki, Juhani Rinne.[2]

The counter-festival was also supported by other organisations, such as The Program for American Culture and the Swiss Center, which pushed for awareness of American and Swiss culture, as well as Pax Romana and the Pocket Testament League of Great Britain, who disseminated 100,000 copies of the Gospel of John. The counter-festival was also supported by organisations such as the Hungarian Union of Free Hungarian Students and the Cuban Directorio Revolucionario Estudiante, as well as the International Union of Socialist Youth and the social democratic parties of the Nordic countries.

The counter-festival was financed and organised by the CIA and the government of the United States. For propaganda purposes, defecting to the West was encouraged among the participants of the festival.

References

1. "Nuorisofestivaalit Helsingissä 1962". yle.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 3 February 2020.
2. "Gagarin Helsingin festivaalin tähtenä 1962". yle.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 3 February 2020.