630s

The 630s decade ran from January 1, 630, to December 31, 639.

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	6th century 7th century 8th century
Decades:	610s 620s 630s 640s 650s
Years:	630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639
Categories:	Births Deaths Establishments Disestablishments

Events

630

By place

Byzantine Empire

• March 21 – Emperor Heraclius returns the True Cross, one of the holiest Christian relics, to Jerusalem. He tries to promote Monothelitism, which is rejected by the Christians.[1]
• Heraclius issues a decree that all Jews must become Christian; a massacre follows around Jerusalem and in Galilee (Israel), some survivors fleeing to the Daraa area.[2]
• Chorpan Tarkhan, general of the Khazars, invades and devastates Roman Armenia. He defeats a Persian cavalry force (10,000 men) sent by Shahrbaraz to repel the invasion.

Scandinavia

• Yngling King Olof Trätälja founds a colony in Värmland. He is expelled from his native Västergötland (in modern-day Sweden) (according to the Ynglingatal).

Britain

• King Ricberht of East Anglia dies and is succeeded by Sigeberht, who returns from exile in France. He rules together with his kinsman Ecgric, re-establishing Christianity.
• King Penda of Mercia besieges Exeter in south-west England. King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd lands with a force nearby, and negotiates an alliance with Penda.
• Eanswith, daughter of King Eadbald of Kent, founds the Benedictine Folkestone Priory, the first nunnery in England.[3]

Persia

• April 27 – King Ardashir III, age 9, is murdered after an 18 month reign. He is succeeded by Shahrbaraz who becomes ruler (shah) of the Sasanian Empire.[4]
• June 9 – Shahrbaraz is killed and succeeded by Borandukht, daughter of former king Khosrow II. She ascends the throne as 26th monarch of Persia.

Arabia

• January – Battle of Hunayn: Muhammad defeats the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin (12,000 men) in a valley, on one of the roads leading to Ta'if (Western Arabia).
• February 5 – Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings battering rams and catapults to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it.[5]
• December 11 – Conquest of Mecca: A Muslim army (10,000 men) marches on Mecca, which surrenders. Muhammad takes the city from the Quraysh and makes it the spiritual center of Islam.

Asia

• Illig Qaghan, ruler (khagan) of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, is captured by Li Jing during the Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks.

By topic

Religion

• Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk (bhikkhu), travels across the Gobi Desert to Kumul. Following the Tian Shan mountain range of Central Asia westwards, he arrives in Turpan.

== {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}} == {{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<10|a}}}} == {{trim|{{transcluded section|{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}}} {{#section-h::{{dr|y|y|{{{year}}}0|{{{1}}}|n{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}}<100|a}}}}|Events}}}}

Significant people

• Abu Bakr
• Ali
• Khalid ibn al-Walid
• Muhammad
• Queen Seondeok of Silla
• Yazdegerd III

== {{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} == {{preprocess|{{((}}transcluding articles {{!}} {{#ifeq:{{{decade}}}|0|{{void|There is no AD year 0}}|{{Year article|{{{decade}}}0}}}} {{!}} {{for loop|{{!}}|call=Year article|pc1n=1|pc1v={{{decade}}}0|pv=2|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9}} {{))}}}} {{#ifeq:{{{decade}}}|0|{{void|There is no AD year 0}}| {{Transclude {{{1}}}|{{{decade}}}0}} }} {{for loop| |call=Transclude {{{1}}}|{{{decade}}}1|{{{decade}}}2|{{{decade}}}3|{{{decade}}}4|{{{decade}}}5|{{{decade}}}6|{{{decade}}}7|{{{decade}}}8|{{{decade}}}9}} == {{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} == {{preprocess|{{((}}transcluding articles {{!}} {{#ifeq:{{{decade}}}|0|{{void|There is no AD year 0}}|{{Year article|{{{decade}}}0}}}} {{!}} {{for loop|{{!}}|call=Year article|pc1n=1|pc1v={{{decade}}}0|pv=2|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9}} {{))}}}} {{#ifeq:{{{decade}}}|0|{{void|There is no AD year 0}}| {{Transclude {{{1}}}|{{{decade}}}0}} }} {{for loop| |call=Transclude {{{1}}}|{{{decade}}}1|{{{decade}}}2|{{{decade}}}3|{{{decade}}}4|{{{decade}}}5|{{{decade}}}6|{{{decade}}}7|{{{decade}}}8|{{{decade}}}9}}

References

1. Whitby, Michael (2002). Rome at War AD 293–696. London: Osprey. p. 76. ISBN 1-84176-359-4.
2. Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 AD: The Muslim conquest of Syria. London: Osprey. p. 62. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.
3. Yorke, Barbara (2003). Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses. London: Continuum. p. 23. ISBN 0-8264-6040-2.
4. Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sassanid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 181–183. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
5. Muir, William (1861). The Life of Mahomet and the History of Islam. 4. London: Smith, Elder. p. 145.