2019 Swiss federal election

Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 20 October 2019 to elect all members of both houses of the Federal Assembly.[1] This was followed by the 2019 election of the Swiss Federal Council, the federal executive, by the United Federal Assembly.

2019 Swiss federal election

20 October 2019
All 200 seats in the National Council (101 seats needed for a majority) All 46 seats in the Council of States (24 seats needed for a majority)
Turnout	45.1%
Party Leader % Seats ± National Council Swiss People's Albert Rösti 25.6% 53 -12 Social Democrats Christian Levrat 16.8% 39 -4 FDP.The Liberals Petra Gössi 15.1% 29 -4 Greens Regula Rytz 13.2% 28 +17 Christian Democrats Gerhard Pfister 11.4% 25 -2 Green Liberals Jürg Grossen 7.8% 16 +9 BDP Martin Landolt 2.4% 3 -4 Evangelical People's Marianne Streiff 2.1% 3 +1 Labour Gavriel Pinson 1.0% 1 0 solidaritéS with PdA 1 +1 Federal Democrats Hans Moser 1.0% 1 +1 Lega Attilio Bignasca 0.8% 1 -1 Council of States Christian Democrats 13 0 FDP.The Liberals 12 -1 Social Democrats 9 -3 Swiss People's 6 +1 Greens 5 +4 Independent 1 0 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Map of Swiss cantons colored by the party that won the most votes. The seats that were won in the cantons for both the National Council and the Council of States are shown as well.

TV interview with the leaders of the five biggest parties

In the 20 October elections, the two green parties, the Green Party of Switzerland and the Green Liberal Party of Switzerland, made major electoral gains, taking 13.2% and 7.8% of the vote respectively. As in the previous election, the Swiss People's Party received the most votes, but its share of votes went down to 25.6% from 29.4%.[2]

Initial media coverage interprets the 2019 election results as a "green wave" marking a leftward shift of the Swiss electorate on the political spectrum.[3][4][5][6] It remains to be seen what effect the changes in the relative vote and seat shares will have on the composition of the Federal Council, or at least on the government's agenda and legislative initiatives, if there is no change in party representation in the executive branch.[7]

In contrast to Germany and Austria, the Swiss federal government has for decades been composed of representatives of the four largest parties as a matter of political practice (rather than constitutional design), and has long operated on a consensus-seeking model characterized by accommodation of competing interest and viewpoints, rather than imposition of the will of the majority over the opposition.

Switzerland's confederate structure and frequent initiatives and referendums pose additional constraints on what elected politicians are collectively able to accomplish. For these reasons, the strong electoral gains of the two green parties do not have the same implications for coalition-government formation as they do in Austria following the September 29, 2019 parliamentary elections there, in which the Greens obtained their best results ever with 13.9% of the vote and 26 seats in a slightly smaller lower house of parliament.

Date

The elections for the National Council took place nationally on 20 October 2019.

The cantons individually organise their elections for the Council of States, which all held on 20 October 2019;[8] with one exception. In Appenzell Innerrhoden the election took place on 28 April at the 2019 Landsgemeinde.[9] Depending on the results of the 20 October election, a second round or runoff election may be required in some cantons.

Electoral system

The 200 members of the National Council are elected from 26 cantons, each of which constitutes a constituency. The cantons are of unequal population size and use different electoral systems. Six are single-member constituencies in which winners are determined by first-past-the-post voting; the remaining 20 cantons are multi-member constituencies, in which members are elected by open list proportional representation. Voters may cross out names on party lists, split their vote between parties (a system known as panachage), or draw up their own list on a blank ballot. Seats are allocated using the Hagenbach-Bischoff system.[10]

National Council seats are apportioned to the cantons based on their respective population size (which includes children and resident foreigners who do not have the right to vote). Based on the official population count recorded at the end of 2016, Bern and Lucerne each lost a seat while Geneva and Vaud each gained a seat.[11] The least-populous cantons have just one seat in the National Council — in 2019 there are six such cantons, four of which are half-cantons.[12]

The rules regarding who can stand as a candidate and vote in elections to the National Council are uniform across the Confederation. Only Swiss citizens aged at least 18 can stand or vote and the citizens resident abroad can register to vote in the canton in which they last resided (or their canton of citizenship, otherwise) and be able to vote no matter how long since, or whether they ever have, lived in Switzerland.

The 46 members of the Council of States are elected in 20 two-seat constituencies (representing the 20 'full' cantons) and six single-member constituencies (representing the six half-cantons). Two 'full' cantons with small populations — Uri and Glarus — have therefore each two seats in the Council of States but only one seat each in the much larger National Council. In Jura and Neuchâtel the elections are held using proportional representation, whilst the other 24 use the majority system.[13]

As each canton regulates its election to the Council of States, the rules regarding who can stand as a candidate and vote in these elections varies canton-by-canton. Jura and Neuchâtel allow certain foreign residents to vote, whilst Glarus allows 16- and 17-year-olds the vote. Swiss citizens abroad registered to vote in a canton are permitted to vote in that canton's Council of States election only if the canton's law allows it. Schaffhausen has compulsory voting, though limited in implementation by way of only an insignificant fine.

Contesting parties

The table below lists contesting parties represented in the Federal Assembly before the election.

Name			Ideology	Leader	2015 result
					Votes (%)	National Council	Council of States
	SVP / UDC	Swiss People's Party	National conservatism Right-wing populism	Albert Rösti	29.4%	65 / 200	5 / 46
	SP / PS	Social Democratic Party	Social democracy Democratic socialism	Christian Levrat	18.8%	43 / 200	12 / 46
	FDP / PLR	FDP.The Liberals	Liberalism Conservative liberalism	Petra Gössi	16.4%	33 / 200	13 / 46
	CVP / PDC	Christian Democratic People's Party	Christian democracy Social conservatism	Gerhard Pfister	11.6%	27 / 200	13 / 46
	GPS / PES	Green Party	Green politics Progressivism	Regula Rytz	7.1%	11 / 200	1 / 46
	GLP / PVL	Green Liberal Party	Green liberalism Social liberalism	Jürg Grossen	4.6%	7 / 200	0 / 46
	BDP / PBD	Conservative Democratic Party	Liberal conservatism	Martin Landolt	4.1%	7 / 200	1 / 46
	EVP / PEV	Evangelical People's Party	Christian democracy Social conservatism	Marianne Streiff	1.9%	2 / 200	0 / 46
	Lega	Ticino League	Regionalism Right-wing populism	Attilio Bignasca	1.0%	2 / 200	0 / 46
	PdA / PST	Swiss Party of Labour	Communism	Gavriel Pinson	0.4%	1 / 200	0 / 46
	MCG	Geneva Citizens' Movement	Regionalism Right-wing populism	Francisco Valentin	0.3%	1 / 200	0 / 46

Other parties contesting in at least three cantons are:

• Federal Democratic Union (Christian right)
• Alternative List (Socialism)
• Pirate Party (Pirate politics)
• Christian Social Party (Christian left)
• Swiss Democrats (Nationalism)
• Integral Politics (Integral theory)

Opinion polls

Graphical summary

The chart below depicts opinion polls conducted for the 2019 Swiss federal election; trendlines are local regressions (LOESS).

Vote share

Polling firm	Fieldwork date	Sample size	SVP/ UDC	SP/ PS	FDP/ PLR	CVP/ PDC	GPS/ PES	GLP/ PVL	BDP/ PBD	EVP/ PEV	Others	Lead
2019 election	20 Oct 2019	–	25.6	16.8	15.1	11.4	13.2	7.8	2.4	2.1	5.6	8.8
Gallup	5 Sep–4 Oct 2019	2,065	26.9	18.5	15.9	10.5	10.5	7.4	3.1	–	7.2	8.4
Sotomo	26 Sep–2 Oct 2019	12,107	27.3	18.2	15.2	10.6	10.7	7.3	2.8	1.8	5.8	9.1
LeeWas	23–24 Sep 2019	20,515	27.9	18.0	15.6	10.4	10.2	7.2	3.2	–	7.4	9.9
Sotomo	19–25 Aug 2019	17,128	26.8	18.7	16.7	10.2	10.5	6.9	2.6	1.6	6.0	8.1
Sotomo	17–27 May 2019	10,388	26.5	19.1	16.2	10.6	10.1	6.4	2.9	1.8	6.4	7.4
LeeWas	22–23 May 2019	19,018	28.9	17.6	15.5	10.3	9.9	6.9	3.3	–	7.6	11.3
LeeWas	18–20 Feb 2019	22,326	29.2	18.4	15.9	9.9	9.6	6.7	3.9	–	6.4	10.8
Sotomo	1–7 Feb 2019	12,085	27.0	17.4	17.4	11.3	9.5	6.4	3.3	1.7	6.0	9.6
LeeWas	24–25 Sep 2018	19,412	29.7	17.9	17.0	9.9	7.1	5.7	4.0	–	8.7	11.8
gfs.bern	7–19 Sep 2018	27,105	28.0	18.7	17.3	11.0	9.1	5.9	2.0	1.9	6.1	9.3
Sotomo	13–18 Sep 2018	14,985	27.4	19.3	17.7	10.1	8.7	5.7	3.2	2.0	5.9	8.1
LeeWas	21–22 Jun 2018	14,851	29.2	18.0	16.4	10.0	7.2	5.7	4.7	–	8.8	11.2
LeeWas	4–5 Jan 2018	20,422	30.8	18.7	16.4	9.1	7.4	6.1	3.7	–	7.8	12.1
Sotomo	28 Sep–2 Oct 2017	14,063	28.7	17.7	17.1	10.9	8.1	5.4	3.4	–	8.6	11.0
gfs.bern	19 Feb–23 Mar 2017	1,210	28.3	20.3	17.3	10.7	8.8	4.9	3.0	–	6.7	8.0
gfs.bern	5 Sep–8 Oct 2016	972	29.9	18.7	16.7	10.5	7.6	5.6	3.5	–	7.5	11.2
OpinionPlus	29 Apr–4 May 2016	809	30.8	17.8	16.8	10.6	6.6	5.4	4.6	–	7.4	13.0
2015 election	18 Oct 2015	–	29.4	18.8	16.4	11.6	7.1	4.6	4.1	1.9	6.0	10.5

Results

The Green Party and Green Liberal Party gained votes and seats while most other parties decreased in size.[14][15][16]

National Council

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Swiss People's Party	620,343	25.6	53	–12
	Social Democratic Party	408,128	16.8	39	–4
	FDP.The Liberals	366,303	15.1	29	–4
	Green Party	319,988	13.2	28	+17
	Christian Democratic People's Party	275,842	11.4	25	–2
	Green Liberal Party	189,162	7.8	16	+9
	Conservative Democratic Party	59,206	2.4	3	–4
	Evangelical People's Party	50,317	2.1	3	+1
	Swiss Party of Labour	25,427	1.0	1	0
	solidaritéS			1	New
	Federal Democratic Union	24,145	1.0	1	+1
	Ticino League	18,187	0.8	1	–1
	Alternative List	7,709	0.3	0	0
	Pirate Party	6,602	0.3	0	New
	Christian Social Party	6,238	0.3	0	0
	Geneva Citizens' Movement	5,338	0.2	0	–1
	Swiss Democrats	3,202	0.1	0	0
	Integral Politics	2,849	0.1	0	New
Invalid/blank votes			–	–	–
Total		2,462,581	100	200	0
Registered voters/turnout			45.1	–	–
Source: FSO, FSO, ch.ch, BFS

Council of States

Party[17]		First round	Second round	Total Seats	+/-
		Seats	Seats
	Christian Democratic People's Party	8	5	13	0
	FDP.The Liberals	7	5	12	1
	Social Democratic Party	3	6	9	3
	Swiss People's Party	3	3	6	1
	Green Party	2	3	5	4
	Conservative Democratic Party	–	–	–	1
	Independent	1	–	1	0
Total seats		24	22	46

Canton of Aargau

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[18]
	Swiss People's Party	Hansjörg Knecht Thomas Burgherr Andreas Glarner Martina Bircher Jean-Pierre Gallati Benjamin Glezendanner	6
	Social Democratic Party	Yvonne Feri Cédric Wermuth Gabriela Suter	3
	FDP.The Liberals	Thierry Burkart Matthias Samuel Jauslin	2
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Ruth Humbel Marianne Binder-Keller	2
	Green Party	Irène Kälin	1
	Green Liberal Party	Beat Flach	1
	Evangelical People's Party	Lilian Studer	1
Council of States (2nd round was held on 24 November)
	FDP.The Liberals	Thierry Burkart	1
	Swiss People's Party	Hansjörg Knecht	1

Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[19]
	Swiss People's Party	David Zuberbühler	1
Council of States
	FDP.The Liberals	Andrea Caroni	1

Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[20]
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Thomas Rechsteiner	1
Council of States
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Daniel Fässler	1

Canton of Basel-Landschaft

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[21]
	Swiss People's Party	Thomas de Courten Sandra Sollberger	2
	Social Democratic Party	Samira Marti Eric Nussbaumer	2
	Green Party	Maya Graf	1
	FDP.The Liberals	Daniela Schneeberger	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Elisabeth Schneider-Schneiter	1
Council of States (2nd round was held on 24 November)
	Green Party	Maya Graf	1

Canton of Basel-Stadt

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[22]
	Social Democratic Party	Eva Herzog Beat Jans	2
	Green Party	Sibel Arslan	1
	Green Liberal Party	Katja Christ	1
	Liberal Democratic Party (Basel)	Christoph Eymann	1
Council of States
	Social Democratic Party	Eva Herzog	1

Canton of Bern

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[23]
	Swiss People's Party	Andreas Aebi Andrea Geissbühler Erich Hess Nadja Pieren Albert Rösti Werner Salzmann Erich von Siebenthal	7
	Social Democratic Party	Nadine Masshardt Flavia Wasserfallen Tamara Funiciello Matthias Aebischer	4
	Green Party	Regula Rytz Aline Trede Christine Badertscher Kilian Baumann	4
	Green Liberal Party	Jürg Grossen Kathrin Bertschy Melanie Mettler	3
	FDP.The Liberals	Christa Markwalder Christian Wasserfallen	2
	Conservative Democratic Party	Lorenz Hess Beatrice Simon	2
	Evangelical People's Party	Marianne Streiff	1
	Federal Democratic Union	Andreas Gafner	1
Council of States (2nd round was held on 17 November)
	Social Democratic Party	Hans Stöckli	1
	Swiss People's Party	Werner Salzmann	1

Canton of Fribourg

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[24]
	Social Democratic Party	Ursula Schneider Schüttel Valérie Piller Carrard	2
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Christine Bulliard-Marbach Marie-France Roth Pasquier	2
	FDP.The Liberals	Jacques Bourgeois	1
	Swiss People's Party	Pierre-André Page	1
	Green Party	Gerhard Andrey	1
Council of States (2nd round held on 10 November)
	Social Democratic Party	Christian Levrat	1
	FDP.The Liberals	Johanna Gapany	1

Canton of Geneva

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[25]
	Green Party	Lisa Mazzone Nicolas Walder Delphine Klopfenstein Broggini	3
	FDP.The Liberals	Christian Lüscher Simon de Montmollin	2
	Social Democratic Party	Laurence Fehlmann Rielle Christian Dandrès	2
	Swiss People's Party	Yves Nidegger Céline Amaudruz	2
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Vincent Maitre	1
	Green Liberal Party	Michel Matter	1
	Ensemble à gauche	Stéfanie Prezioso	1
Council of States (2nd round held on 10 November)
	Green Party	Lisa Mazzone	1
	Social Democratic Party	Carlo Sommaruga	1

Canton of Glarus

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[26]
	Conservative Democratic Party	Martin Landolt	1
Council of States
	FDP.The Liberals	Thomas Hefti	1
	Green Party	Mathias Zopfi	1

Grisons

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[27]
	Social Democratic Party	Jon Pult Sandra Locher Benguerel	2
	Swiss People's Party	Magdalena Martullo-Blocher	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Martin Candinas	1
	FDP.The Liberals	Anna Giacometti	1
Council of States
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Stefan Engler	1
	FDP.The Liberals	Martin Schmid	1

Canton of Jura

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[28]
	Social Democratic Party	Pierre-Alain Fridez	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Jean-Paul Gschwind	1
Council of States
	Social Democratic Party	Elisabeth Baume-Schneider	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Charles Juillard	1

Canton of Lucerne

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[29]
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Ida Glanzmann-Hunkeler Andrea Gmür Leo Müller	3
	Swiss People's Party	Yvette Estermann Franz Grüter	2
	FDP.The Liberals	Albert Vitali	1
	Social Democratic Party	Prisca Birrer-Heimo	1
	Green Party	Michael Töngi	1
	Green Liberal Party	Roland Fischer	1
Council of States
	FDP.The Liberals	Damian Müller	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Andrea Gmür	1

Canton of Neuchâtel

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[30]
	FDP.The Liberals	Damien Cottier	1
	Green Party	Fabien Fivaz	1
	Social Democratic Party	Baptiste Hurni	1
	Swiss Party of Labour	Denis de la Reussille	1
Council of States
	FDP.The Liberals	Philippe Bauer	1
	Green Party	Céline Vara	1

Canton of Nidwalden

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[31]
	Swiss People's Party	Peter Keller	1
Council of States
	FDP.The Liberals	Hans Wicki	1

Canton of Obwalden

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[32]
	Swiss People's Party	Monika Rüegger-Hurschler	1
Council of States
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Erich Ettlin	1

Canton of Schaffhausen

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[33]
	Swiss People's Party	Thomas Hurter	1
	Social Democratic Party	Martina Munz	1
Council of States
	Swiss People's Party	Hannes Germann	1
	Independent	Thomas Minder	1

Canton of Schwyz

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[34]
	Swiss People's Party	Pirmin Schwander Marcel Dettling	2
	FDP.The Liberals	Petra Gössi	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Alois Gmür	1
Council of States
	Swiss People's Party	Alex Kuprecht	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Othmar Reichmuth	1

Canton of Solothurn

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[35]
	Swiss People's Party	Walter Wobmann Christian Imark	2
	FDP.The Liberals	Kurt Fluri	1
	Social Democratic Party	Franziska Roth	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Stefan Müller-Altermatt	1
	Green Party	Felix Wettstein	1
Council of States
	Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland	Pirmin Bischof	1
	Social Democratic Party	Roberto Zanetti	1

Canton of St. Gallen

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[36]
	Swiss People's Party	Lukas Reimann Roland Rino Büchel Mike Egger Esther Friedli	4
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Markus Ritter Nicolo Paganini	2
	FDP.The Liberals	Marcel Dobler Susanne Vincenz-Stauffacher	2
	Social Democratic Party	Barbara Gysi Claudia Dobler	2
	Green Party	Franziska Ryser	1
	Green Liberal Party	Thomas Brunner	1
Council of States (2nd round was held on 17 November)
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Beni Würth	1
	Social Democratic Party	Paul Rechsteiner	1

Canton of Thurgau

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[37]
	Swiss People's Party	Verena Herzog Diana Gutjahr Manuel Strupler	3
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Christian Lohr	1
	Social Democratic Party	Edith Graf-Litscher	1
	Green Party	Kurt Egger	1
Council of States
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Brigitte Häberli-Koller	1
	Swiss People's Party	Jakob Stark	1

Canton of Ticino

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[38]
	FDP.The Liberals	Rocco Cattaneo Alex Farinelli	2
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Marco Romano Fabio Regazzi	2
	Ticino League	Lorenzo Quadri	1
	Social Democratic Party	Bruno Storni	1
	Green Party	Greta Gysin	1
	Swiss People's Party	Bruno Marchesi	1
Council of States (2nd round was held on 17 November)
	Swiss People's Party	Marco Chiesa	1
	Social Democratic Party	Marina Carobbio Guscetti	1

Canton of Uri

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[39]
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Simon Stadler	1
Council of States
	FDP.The Liberals	Josef Dittli	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Heidi Z'graggen	1

Canton of Valais

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[40]
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Benjamin Roduit Sidney Kamerzin Philipp Matthias Bregy	3
	Swiss People's Party	Jean-Luc Addor Franz Ruppen	2
	FDP.The Liberals	Philippe Nantermod	1
	Social Democratic Party	Mathias Reynard	1
	Green Party	Christophe Clivaz	1
Council of States (2nd round held on 3 November)
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Beat Rieder Marianne Maret	2

Canton of Vaud

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[41]
	FDP.The Liberals	Olivier Français Frédéric Borloz Olivier Feller Isabelle Moret Jacqueline de Quattro	5
	Social Democratic Party	Ada Marra Samuel Bendahan Brigitte Crottaz Roger Nordmann Pierre-Yves Maillard	5
	Green Party	Adèle Thorens Goumaz Daniel Brélaz Léonore Porchet Sophie Michaud Gigon	4
	Swiss People's Party	Jean-Pierre Grin Michaël Buffat Jacques Nicolet	3
	Green Liberal Party	Isabelle Chevalley François Pointet	2
Council of States (2nd round held on 10 November)
	FDP.The Liberals	Olivier Français	1
	Green Party	Adèle Thorens Goumaz	1

Canton of Zug

Party		Candidate	Seats
National Council[42]
	Swiss People's Party	Thomas Aeschi	1
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Gerhard Pfister	1
	Green Party	Manuela Weichelt-Picard	1
Council of States
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Peter Hegglin	1
	FDP.The Liberals	Matthias Michel	1

Canton of Zurich

Party		Candidates	Seats
National Council[43]
	Swiss People's Party	Roger Köppel Gregor Rutz Alfred Heer Thomas Matter Hans-Ueli Barbara Steinemann Bruno Walliser Mauro Tuena Martin Haab Therese Schläpfer	9
	Social Democratic Party	Angelo Barrile Priska Graf Seiler Jacqueline Badran Mattea Meyer Min Li Marti Fabian Molina Céline Widmer	7
	Green Party	Katharina Prelicz-Huber Marionna Schlatter Balthasar Glättli Bastien Girod Meret Schneider	6
	Green Liberal Party	Tiana Angelina Moser Martin Bäumle Corina Gredig Jörg Mäder Judith Bellaïche Barbara Schaffner	6
	FDP.The Liberals	Doris Fiala Hans-Peter Portmann Beat Walti Regine Sauter Andri Silberschmidt	5
	Christian Democratic People's Party	Philipp Kutter	1
	Evangelical People's Party	Niklaus Gugger	1
Council of States
	Social Democratic Party	Daniel Jositsch	1
	FDP.The Liberals	Ruedi Noser	1

Aftermath

The 2019 federal election was followed by the Federal Council election on 11 December 2019.[44][45] The Green Party failed to win a seat in the Federal Council despite becoming the fourth largest party in the National Council.[46][47][48]

See also

• List of members of the National Council of Switzerland, 2019–23

Further reading

• Laurent Bernhard (2020) "The 2019 Swiss federal elections: the rise of the green tide." West European Politics.

References

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2. "'Tectonic shift': Swiss Greens make historic gains in election". 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
3. Hurtz, Simon; dpa (20 October 2019). "Schweiz: Grüne legen deutlich zu, Rechtskonservative stärkste Kraft". Die Zeit (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
4. Pfaff, Isabel. "Wahlen in der Schweiz: Der Wind hat sich gedreht". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 22 October 2019.
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13. Electoral system IPU
14. Michel, Felix; Metzler, Aline; Schmidli, Julian; Zehr, Angelo (21 October 2019). "The Swiss Elections 2019: All Results in Detail". Swissinfo. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
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19. "APPENZELL AUSSERRHODEN: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen". ch.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
20. "Appenzell Innerrhoden: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen". ch.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
21. "BASEL-LANDSCHAFT: federal election results". ch.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
22. "BASEL-STADT: federal election results". Retrieved 20 October 2019.
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25. "Geneva: federal election results". Retrieved 23 October 2019.
26. "GLARUS: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen". ch.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
27. "GRAUBÜNDEN: federal election results". ch.ch. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
28. "JURA: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen". ch.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
29. "Lucerne: federal election results". ch.ch. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
30. "NEUCHÂTEL: federal election results". ch.ch. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
31. "NIDWALDEN: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen". ch.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
32. "OBWALDEN: federal election resultsWahlen". ch.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
33. "SCHAFFHAUSEN: federal election resultsWahlen". ch.ch. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
34. "SCHWYZ : federal election results". ch.ch. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
35. "SOLOTHURN : federal election results". ch.ch. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
36. "ST. GALLEN: federal election results". Retrieved 21 October 2019.
37. "THURGAU: federal election results". Retrieved 21 October 2019.
38. "TICINO: federal election results". Retrieved 21 October 2019.
39. "Uri: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen". ch.ch (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2019.
40. "Uri: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen". ch.ch (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2019.
41. "Vaud: Ergebnisse der eidgenössischen Wahlen" (in German). Retrieved 24 October 2019.
42. "ZUG: federal election results". ch.ch. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
43. "Zurich: federal election results". Retrieved 23 October 2019.
44. fédéral, Le Conseil. "Election du Conseil fédéral : 11 décembre 2019". admin.ch (in French). Retrieved 7 December 2019.
45. "EXPLAINED: What you need to know about the Swiss Federal Council election". The Local. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
46. "Swiss Greens fail to enter government despite election gains". Associated Press. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
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48. "No Federal Council seat for Switzerland's Green Party". Le News. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2020.

External links

• Elections 2019 Swiss Confederation