1994 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

List of years in poetry (table)
… 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 …
In literature 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Philosophy Science +...

Events

• May 23 — C. P. Cavafy's poem "Ithaka" is read at the funeral of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis by her longtime companion, Maurice Tempelsman.[1]
• October 6 — First annual National Poetry Day in the United Kingdom, established by William Sieghart.
• October 31 (Halloween) — 15,000 copies of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven" are distributed free at public libraries. In Austin, Texas, someone from the local coroner's office and someone from a local tax department gives a "death and taxes" reading of the poem.[1]
• Allen Ginsberg sells his papers to Stanford University for $1 million.[1]
• Wyn Cooper's "All I Wanna Do" is put to music by Sheryl Crow who makes it the United States' No. 1 hit rock tune.[1]
• Welsh poet Tony Curtis becomes Professor of Poetry at the University of Glamorgan.
• Poetry Canada Review folds, the publication was founded in 1978 by Clifton Whiten in order to publish and review poetry from across Canada.[2]

Poets depicted in the movies

• Dorothy Parker's poems are featured in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle
• In the film Four Weddings and a Funeral, directed by Mike Newell, W. H. Auden's "Stop all the clocks" is read as a eulogy. "[I]t so moved audiences that Random House published a slender paperback with "Funeral Blues" plus nine other Auden poems in a hot-selling edition of forty thousand copies."[1]
• Pablo Neruda's 1952 stay in a villa owned by Italian historian Edwin Cerio on the island of Capri is depicted in a fictionalized version this year the popular film Il Postino ("The Postman"). Neruda is treated worshipfully in the film.

Works published in English

Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:

Australia

• Robert Adamson Waving to Hart Crane
• Jennifer Harrison: Michelangelo’s Prisoners, winner of the 1995 Anne Elder Award for first book of poetry; North Fitzroy: Black Pepper
• Les Murray:
  • Collected Poems, Port Melbourne, William Heinemann Australia[3]
  • Translations from the Natural World[3]
• David Rowthbaum, New and Selected Poems (1945-93)

Canada

• Christian Bök, Crystallography ISBN 978-1-55245-119-9
• Roo Borson, Night Walk, ISBN 0-19-541082-3 (nominated for a Governor General's Award) American-Canadian
• Margaret Christakos, Other Words for Grace (Stratford, Ontario: Mercury Press)
• George Elliott Clarke, Lush Dreams, Blue Exile: Fugitive Poems 1978–1993. Lawrencetown Beach, Nova Scotia: Pottersfield, ISBN 0-919001-83-1 Canada
• Don Domanski, Stations of the Left Hand (nominated for a Governor General's Award)
• Cherie Geauvreau, Even the Fawn Has Wings, a first collection
• Gary Geddes, Girl by the Water
• Ralph Gustafson, Tracks in the Snow
• Evelyn Lau, In the House of Slaves
• Tim Lilburn, Moosewood Sandhills, winner of the Canadian Authors Association Award for Poetry, Canada
• A. F. Moritz:
  • Mahoning[4]
  • Phantoms in the Ark[4]
• Susan Musgrave, Forcing the Narcissus
• P. K. Page, Hologram: A Book of Glosas, poems in 14th-century Spanish stanzaic form[4]
• John Pass, Radical Innocence (ISBN 1-55017-107-0) Canadian
• Al Purdy, Naked with Summer in Your Mouth
• Linda Rogers, Hard Candy, including "Wrinkled Coloratura", winner of the new Stephen Leacock Award
• Joe Rosenblatt, Beds and Consenting Dreamers
• Stephen Scobie, Gospel
• Francis Sparshott, The Hanging Gardens of Etobicoke
• George Woodcock, George Woodcock's Introduction to Canadian Poetry, Toronto: ECW Press[5]

India, in English

• Imtiaz Dharker, Postcards from God ( Poetry in English ), Viking Penguin[6]
• Eunice de Souza, Selected and New Poems ( Poetry in English ), St Xavier's College, Department of English Publication, Mumbai.[7]
• E.V. Ramakrishnan, A Python in A Snake Park, New Delhi: Rupa and Co., ISBN 81-7167-194-2[8]
• Sudeep Sen:
  • Mount Vesuvius in Eight Frames, New York City: White Swan Books; Leeds: Peepal Tree, ISBN 0-948833-91-2[9]
  • South African Woodcut, New York City: White Swan Books; Leeds: Peepal Tree, ISBN 0-948833-90-4[9]
• C. P. Surendran, Gemini II, New Delhi: Penguin (Viking)[10]
• Robin Ngangom, Time's Crossroads, Hyderabad: Orient Longman Ltd, ISBN 0-86311-456-3[11]
• Ruth Vanita, A Play of Light: Selected Poems ( Poetry in English ), New Delhi: Penguin India[12]

Ireland

• Eavan Boland, In a Time of Violence, including "Anna Liffey", "The Black Lace Fan My Mother Gave Me", "The Latin Lesson" and "Midnight Flowers", Carcanet Press[13]
• Vona Groarke, Shale, Oldcastle: The Gallery Press
• Michael Hartnett, Selected and New Poems, including "Bread", "I have exhausted the delighted range ...", "For My Grandmother, Bridget Halpin", "A Farewell to English", "Lament for Tadgh Cronin's Children" and "The Man who Wrote Yeats, the Man who Wrote Mozart", Oldcastle: The Gallery Press[13]
• Medbh McGuckian:
  • Venus and the Rain, revised edition (first edition 1984), Oldcastle: The Gallery Press[13]
  • Captain Lavender, including "Porcelain Bells", Oldcastle: The Gallery Press[13]
• Paula Meehan, Pillow Talk, including "Laburnum", Oldcastle: The Gallery Press[13]
• Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, The Brazen Serpent, including "The Real Thing" and "Saint Margaret of Cortona",[13] Oldcastle: The Gallery Press[14]
• Tom Paulin, Walking a Line, including "The Lonely Tower", Faber and Faber, Irish poet published in the United Kingdom[13]

New Zealand

• Fleur Adcock (New Zealand poet who moved to England in 1963) translator, Hugh Primas and the Archpoet, Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press[15]
• Lauris Edmond, Selected Poems, 1975-1994, Wellington: Bridget Williams Books[16]
• Michele Leggott, DIA, Auckland: Auckland University Press; winner of the New Zealand Book Award for Poetry
• Hone Tuwhare, Deep River Talk, 140 poems from 10 previous collections

United Kingdom

• Fleur Adcock (New Zealand poet who moved to England in 1963) translator, Hugh Primas and the Archpoet, Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press[15]
• Eavan Boland, In a Time of Violence[17]
• Alan Brownjohn, In the Cruel Arcade[17]
• Gerry Cambridge, The Dark Gift and Other Poems, St. Inan's Press (16 pages; "I used to produce this tiny pamphlet from my breast pocket at poetry readings, and announce I would read from my complete and unexpurgated works", Cambridge wrote on his website.)[18]
• William Cookson, editor, Agenda – An Anthology 1959-1993, Carcanet Press, ISBN 978-1-85754-069-7
• Carol Ann Duffy:
  • Editor, Anvil New Poets Volume 2 Penguin (anthology),[19] sources also give 1995[20] and 1996[21] as publication year
  • Selected Poems Penguin[19]
• Helen Dunmore, Recovering a Body[17]
• Paul Durcan Give Me Your Head[17]
• James Fenton, Out of Danger, Penguin; Farrar Straus Giroux; winner of the Whitbread Prize for Poetry[22]
• Elaine Feinstein, Selected Poems, Carcanet
• Roy Fisher, Birmingham River[17]
• Philip Gross, I.D.[17]
• Adrian Henri, Not Fade Away[17]
• Selma Hill, Trembling Hearts in the Bodies of Dogs[17]
• Kathleen Jamie, The Queen of Sheba[17]
• Alan Jenkins, Harm
• Elizabeth Jennings, Familiar Spirits[17]
• Thomas Kinsella, From Centre City[17]
• Peter Levi, The Rags of Time[17]
• Medbh McGuckian, Captain Lavender[17]
• Derek Mahon, The Yaddo Letter[17]
• Glyn Maxwell, Mick Imlah and Peter Reading, Penguin New Poets 3, ISBN 978-0-14-058742-5
• Andrew Motion, The Price of Everything[17]
• Paul Muldoon:
  • The Annals of Chile[17]
  • The Prince of Quotidian[17]
• Tom Paulin, Walking a Line[17]
• Peter Porter, Millennial Fables[17]
• Craig Raine, History: The Home Movie[17]
• Peter Redgrove, My Father's Trapdoors[17]
• Peter Scupham, The Ark[17]
• Jon Silkin, Watersmeet[17]
• C. H. Sisson, What and Who[17]
• Sir Stephen Spender, Dolphins[17]
• Anthony Thwaite, The Dust of the World[17]
• Hugo Williams, Dock Leaves, Faber and Faber
• Gerard Woodward, After The Deafening

Criticism, scholarship and biography in the United Kingdom

• John Heath-Stubbs, Hindsights : An Autobiography

United States

• Kim Addonizio, The Philosopher's Club (BOA Editions)
• A. R. Ammons, The North Carolina Poems
• Maya Angelou, The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou
• John Ashbery, And the Stars Were Shining
• Ted Berrigan, Selected Poems
• Sophie Cabot Black, The Misunderstanding of Nature, (Graywolf Press) received the Poetry Society of America Norma Farber First Book Award, ISBN 1-55597-190-3
• Rosellen Brown, Cora Fry's Pillow Book
• Russell Edson, The Tunnel: Selected Poems of Russell Edson
• Jane Hirshfield, The October Palace
• Edward Hirsch, Earthly Measures
• John Hollander, Animal Poems
• Andrew Hudgins, The Glass Hammer
• Galway Kinnell, Imperfect Thirst (Houghton Mifflin)
• Kenneth Koch:
  • On the Great Atlantic Rainway: Selected Poems, 1950-1988, New York: Knopf[23]
  • One Train: Poems, New York: Knopf[23]
• James McMichael, Each in a Place Apart
• Robert Pinsky, translation of Dante's Inferno
• Wendy Rose, Bone Dance[24]
• Mary Jo Salter, Sunday Skaters
• Patti Smith, Early Work
• Rosmarie Waldrop, A Key Into the Language of America (New Directions Publishers)

Criticism, scholarship and biography in the United States

• Louise Glück, Proofs & Theories, with pieces on George Oppen, John Berryman, Robinson Jeffers, and Stanley Kunitz
• Ian Hamilton, editor, The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century Poetry in English, New York: Oxford University Press[25]
• Janet Malcolm, The Silent Woman, a study of Sylvia Plath
• Mary Oliver, A Poetry Handbook
• Carl Woodring, editor, Columbia History of British Poetry, New York: Columbia University Press[26]

Anthologies in the United States

• Douglas Messerli, editor, From the Other Side of the Century: A New American Poetry, 1960-1990, including American and Canadian poets; Sun and Moon Press (Messerli's own imprint) ISBN 978-1-55713-131-7
• Carolyn Forché, Against Forgetting: Twentieth-Century Poetry of Witness
• Jane Hirshfield, editor, Women in Praise of the Sacred: Forty-Three Centuries of Spiritual Poetry by Women
• Paul Hoover, editor, Postmodern American Poetry (Norton) The introduction identifies the use of postmodern with its early mention by Charles Olson, and identifies the field chosen as experimental poetry from after 1945; about 20 short essays on poetics also included
• E. Ethelbert Miller, In Search of Color Everywhere,[27] including almost 150 African-American poets

Poets in The Best American Poetry 1994 anthology

Poems from these 75 poets were in The Best American Poetry 1994 edited by David Lehman, guest editor A. R. Ammons:

Dick Allen Tom Andrews John Ashbery Burlin Barr Cynthia Bond Catherine Bowman George Bradley Charles Bukowski Rebecca Byrkit Amy Clampitt Michelle T. Clinton James Cummins Ramola Dharmaraj Thomas M. Disch Mark Doty

Denise Duhamel Tony Esolen Richard Foerster Alice Fulton Allison Funk Jorie Graham Debora Greger Donald Hall Forrest Hamer Lyn Hejinian Roald Hoffmann John Hollander Janet Holmes Paul Hoover Richard Howard

Phyllis Janowitz Mark Jarman Alice Jones Rodney Jones Brigit Pegeen Kelly Caroline Knox Kenneth Koch Dionisio D. Martínez J. D. McClatchy Jeffrey McDaniel James McManus James Merrill W. S. Merwin Stephen Paul Miller Jenny Mueller

Harryette Mullen Brighde Mullins Fred Muratori Sharon Olds Maureen Owen Kathleen Peirce Carl Phillips Lloyd Schwartz Frederick Seidel Alan Shapiro Angela Shaw Charles Simic William De Witt Snodgrass Elizabeth Spires A. E. Stallings

Mark Strand Sharan Strange May Swenson Janet Sylvester James Tate Patricia Traxler William Wadsworth Kevin Walker Rosanne Wasserman Bruce Weigl Joshua Weiner Henry Weinfield Michael White Richard Wilbur Dean Young

Other in English

• Vinay Dharwadker and A. K. Ramanujan, editors, The Oxford Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry, Delhi: Oxford University Press

Works published in other languages

Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:

Danish

• Naja Marie Aidt, Det tredje landskap ("The Third Landscape"), third volume of a poetic trilogy which started with Sålænge jeg er ung ("As Long as I’m Young") 1991, and included Et Vanskeligt mode ("A Difficult Encounter") 1992
• Benny Andersen, Denne kommen og gåen
• Katrine Marie Guldager, Dagene skifter hænder, ("The Days Change Hands"); Denmark[28]
• Vagn Lundbye, Lundbyes dyrefabler
• Pia Tafdrup, Territorialsang
• Ole Wivel, Iris

Dutch

• Bernlef, Vreemde wil
• Toon Tellegen, Tijger onder de slakken
• Leonard Nolens, Honing en As

Canada

• Robert Melançon, L'Avant-printemps à Montréal

France

• Édouard Glissant, Poèmes complets

German

• Durs Grünbein, Falten und Fallen
• Jürgen Kolbe, a book of poetry
• Robert Gernhardt, a book of poetry

Criticism, scholarship, and biography in Germany

• Erich Mühsam, Tagebücher, 1910-1924 (posthumous)

Hebrew

• Haim Gouri, Ha-Ba Aharai ("Poems"), Israel[29]

India

Listed in alphabetical order by first name:

• Jiban Narah, O’ Mor Dhuniya Kapou Phul, Guwahati, Assam: Students’ Store; Assamese-language[30]
• Joy Goswami Pagli Tomar Songe, winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2000; Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, ISBN 81-7756-148-0; Bengladeshi-language[31]
• K. Satchidanandan, Malayalam-language:
  • Desatanam, ("Going Places")[32]
  • Kochiyile Vrikshangal, Kozhikode, Kerala: Mulberry Publications; Malayalam-language poet, critic and academic[33]
• K. Siva Reddy, Ajeyam, Hyderabad: Jhari Poetry Circle, Telugu-language[34]
• Nilmani Phookan, Sagartalir Sankha, Selected Poems edited by Hiren Gohain, Guwahati, Assam: Lawyers’ Book Stall; Assamese-language[35]
• Nirendranath Chakravarti, Chollisher Dinguli, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, Kolkata; Bengali-language[36]
• Rajendra Kishore Panda, Bodhinabha ("The Bodhi-Sky"), Cuttack: Bharat Bharati; in Oraya and in English[37]
• Teji Grover, Lo Kaha Sanbari, New Delhi: National Publishing House, ISBN 81-214-0537-8; Hindi-language[38]
• Thangjam Ibopishak Singh, Bhoot Amasung Maikhum ("The Ghost and Mask"), Imphal: Writer's Forum; Meitei language[39]

Poland

• Stanisław Barańczak, Podroz zimowa ("Journey in Winter"), Poznan: a5[40]
• Juliusz Erazm Bolek, Serce błyskawicy[41]
• Ewa Lipska, Stypendisci czasu, ("Time's Scholarship Winners"); Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Dolnoslaskie[42]
• Bronisław Maj, Światło ("Light"); Cracow: Znak[43]
• Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn-Dycki, Młodzieniec o wzorowych obyczajach[44]
• Czesław Miłosz, Na brzegu rzeki ("Facing the River"); Kraków: Znak[45]
• Adam Zagajewski, Ziemia ognista ("Land in Flames"), Poznañ: A5[46]

Spain

• Matilde Camus, Ronda de azules ("Blue avenue")

Latin America

• Mario Benedetti, Inventario dos (1985-1994) ("Inventory Two (1985-1994)"), published in Madrid, Uruguay[47]
• José Emilio Pacheco, El silencio de la luna, Mexico
• Francisco Hernández, El infierno es un decir, Mexico
• Octavio Paz. Obras completas, Mexico

Sweden

• Katarina Frostenson, Tankarna
• Ann Jäderlund, Mörker mörka mörkt kristaller
• Arne Johnsson, Faglarnas eldhuvuden

Criticism, scholarship and biography in Sweden

• Lars Huldén, Carl Michael Bellman, on the 18th-century poet
• Olof Lagercrantz, In Jag bor i en annan värld men du bor ju i samma, about the author's friendship with poet Gunnar Ekelöf
• Lars Gustafsson, Ett minnespalats. Vertikala memoarer., a memoir
• Ylva Eggehorn, Kvarteret Radiomottagaren, a memoir of her childhood

Other languages

• Hugo Claus, Gedichten 1948-1993, Flemish
• Wang Xiaoni, Fangzhu Shenzhen ("Exile in Shenzhen"), China[48]
• Yi Sha, Esi de shiren ("Poets Starved to Death"), China[49]

Awards and honors

Australia

• C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry: Robert Gray, Certain Things
• Dinny O'Hearn Poetry Prize: The Monkey's Mask by Dorothy Porter
• Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry: Barry Hill, Ghosting William Buckley
• Mary Gilmore Prize: Aileen Kelly - Coming Up for Light

Canada

• Gerald Lampert Award: Barbara Klar, The Night You Called Me a Shadow and Ilya Tourtidis, Mad Magellan's Tale
• Archibald Lampman Award: John Newlove, Apology for Absence: Selected Poems 1962–1992
• 1994 Governor General's Awards: Robert Hilles, Cantos from a Small Room (English); Fulvio Caccia, Aknos (French)
• Pat Lowther Award: Diana Brebner, The Golden Lotus
• Prix Alain-Grandbois: Gilbert Langevin, Le Cercle ouvert
• Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize: Gregory Scofield, The Gathering: Stones for the Medicine Wheel
• Prix Émile-Nelligan: Monique Deland, Géants dans l’île

United Kingdom

• Cholmondeley Award: Ruth Fainlight, Gwen Harwood, Elizabeth Jennings, John Mole
• Eric Gregory Award: Julia Copus, Alice Oswald, Steven Blyth, Kate Clanchy, Giles Goodland
• Forward Poetry Prize (United Kingdom, Best Collection): Alan Jenkins, Harm (Chatto & Windus)
• Forward Poetry Prize (United Kingdom, Best First Collection): Kwame Dawes, Progeny of Air (Peepal Tree)
• T. S. Eliot Prize (United Kingdom and Ireland): Paul Muldoon, The Annals of Chile
• Whitbread Award for poetry: James Fenton, Out of Danger

United States

• Agnes Lynch Starrett Poetry Prize: Jan Beatty, Mad River
• Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry: Wendell Berry
• AML Award for poetry to Pamela Porter Hamblin for "Magi"
• Bernard F. Connors Prize for Poetry: Stewart James, "Vanessa", and (separately) Marilyn Hacker, "Cancer Winter"
• Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry: A. R. Ammons, Garbage
• National Book Award for poetry (United States): James Tate, A Worshipful Company of Fletchers
• Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Yusef Komunyakaa, Neon Vernacular: New and Selected Poems
• Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize: Donald Hall
• Wallace Stevens Award inaugurated with first award this year: W. S. Merwin
• Whiting Awards: Mark Doty, Wayne Koestenbaum, Mary Swander
• William Carlos Williams Award: Cyrus Cassells, The Mud Actor
• Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets: David Ferry

New Zealand

• Montana Book Award for Poetry: Bill Manhire, ed., 100 New Zealand Poems
• New Zealand Book Award for Poetry: Andrew Johnston, How to Talk

Other

• Norway: Brague Prize: Sigmund Mjelve for Omrade aldri fastlagt

Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• January 1 – Chaganti Somayajulu (born 1915), Indian, Telugu-language short-story writer and poet
• February 20 — Rolf Jacobsen, 86 (born 1907), Norwegian modernist poet
• March 9 — Charles Bukowski, 73 (born 1920), American poet and novelist, of leukemia
• March 29 — Lynda Hull, 49 (born 1955), American poet, in an automobile accident
• May 24 — John Wain, 69 (born 1925), English poet, novelist and critic, of a stroke
• July 5 — Jack Clemo, 78 (born 1916), English poet of Cornwall
• September 10 — Amy Clampitt, 74, American poet, of ovarian cancer
• November 28 — Ian Serraillier, 82 (born 1912), English children's writer
• December 12 — Donna J. Stone, 61 (born 1933), American poet and philanthropist, of heart failure
• date not known — Rhoda Bulter (born 1929), Scottish poet of Shetland

See also

• Poetry
• List of years in poetry
• List of poetry awards

Notes

1. Lehman, David, "Forward", The Best American Poetry 1995
2. Web page titled "Literary Archives / Poetry Canada Review", at the Library and Archives Canada website, retrieved January 3, 2009
3. Archived 2007-10-13 at the Wayback Machine Les Murray Web page at The Poetry Archive Web site, accessed October 15, 2007
4. Roberts, Neil, editor, A Companion to Twentieth-century Poetry, Part III, Chapter 3, "Canadian Poetry", by Cynthia Messenger, Blackwell Publishing, 2003, ISBN 978-1-4051-1361-8, retrieved via Google Books, January 3, 2009
5. Web page titled "The Works of George Woodcock" at the Anarchy Archives website, which states: "This list is based on The Record of George Woodcock (issued for his eightieth birthday) and Ivan Avakumovic's bibliography in A Political Art: Essays and Images in Honour of George Woodcock, edited by W.H. New, 1978, with additions to bring it up to date"; accessed April 24, 2008
6. Web page titled "Imtiaz Dharker", Poetry International website, retrieved July 10, 2010
7. Web page titled "Eunice de Souza" Archived September 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 8, 2010
8. Web page titled "E.V. Ramakrishnan" Archived 2011-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 8, 2010
9. Web page titled "Sudeep Sen" Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 28, 2010
10. Web page titled "C. P. Surendran", Poetry International website, retrieved July 6, 2010
11. Web page titled "Robin Ngangom" Archived 2010-01-31 at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 27, 2010
12. Web page titled "Ruth Vanita", Poetry International website, retrieved July 27, 2010
13. Crotty, Patrick, Modern Irish Poetry: An Anthology, Belfast, The Blackstaff Press Ltd., 1995, ISBN 0-85640-561-2
14. Web page titled "Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin" Archived 2008-05-19 at the Wayback Machine at Poetry International website, accessed May 3, 2008
15. Web page titled "Fleur Adcock: New Zealand Literature File" Archived 2006-12-21 at the Wayback Machine at the University of Auckland Library website, accessed April 26, 2008
16. Robinson, Roger and Wattie, Nelson, The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature, 1998, "Lauris Edmond" article
17. Cox, Michael, editor, The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-860634-6
18. "Publications" page, Gerry Cambridge website, retrieved December 1, 2008
19. O’Reilly, Elizabeth (either author of the "Critical Perspective" section or of the entire contents of the web page, titled "Carol Ann Duffy" at Contemporary Poets website, retrieved May 4, 2009. Archived 2009-05-08.
20. Forbes, Peter, "Winning Lines", August 31, 2002, The Guardian, retrieved May 4, 2009
21. Griffin, Gabriele, editor, "Duffy, Carol Ann", article, Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay Writing, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-15984-5, retrieved via Google Books, May 4, 2009
22. Web page titled "Books by Fenton" at the James Fenton Web site, accessed October 11, 2007
23. Web page titled "Archives / Kenneth Koch (1925 - 2002)" at Poetry Foundation website, accessed May 15, 2008
24. Porter, Joy, and Kenneth M. Roemer, The Cambridge Companion to Native American Literature, p 29, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-521-82283-1, retrieved February 9, 2009
25. Everett, Nicholas, "Robert Creeley's Life and Career" at the Modern American Poetry website, accessed May 1, 2008
26. "Select General Bibliography for Representative Poetry On-Line" Archived 2008-12-28 at the Wayback Machine web page for Representative Poetry On-Line website of the University of Toronto, retrieved January 1, 2009
27. Fleming, Robert, The African American Writer's Handbook: How to Get in Print and Stay in Print, "African American Book Timeline", p 167 and following pages, Random House, 2000, ISBN 978-0-345-42327-6, retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009
28. Lundtofte, Anne Mette, translated by Anne Mette Lundtofte, "Author Profile: Katrine Marie Guldager", website of the Danish Arts Agency / Literature Centre, dated "2005", retrieved January 1, 2010
29. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-10-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Web page titled "Haim Gouri" at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature Web site, accessed October 6, 2007
30. Web page titled "Jiban Narah" Archived 2011-09-19 at the Wayback Machine at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 10, 2010
31. Web page title "Joy Goswami" Archived 2011-09-19 at the Wayback Machine, at the Poetry International website, retrieved July 10, 2010
32. Web page titled "K. Satchidanandan" Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 11, 2010
33. Web page titled "K. G. Sankara Pillai" Archived 2010-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 11, 2010
34. Web page titled "K. Siva Reddy" Archived September 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 11, 2010
35. Web page titled "Nilmani Phookan" Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 16, 2010
36. Web page title "Nirendranath Chakravarti" Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine, at the Poetry International website, retrieved July 15, 2010
37. Web page titled "Rajendra Kishore Panda" at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 26, 2010
38. Web page titled "Teji Grover" Archived 2012-04-20 at the Wayback Machine at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved August 3, 2010
39. Web page titled "Thangjam Ibopishak Singh", Poetry International website, retrieved July 29, 2010
40. Web page titled "Rymkiewicz Jaroslaw Marek" Archived 2011-09-16 at the Wayback Machine, at the Institute Ksiazki website (in Polish), "Bibliography: Poetry" section, retrieved February 24, 2010
41. Web page titled "Juliusz Erazm Bolek był gościem wczorajszego Wieczoru w "Arce" (zdjęcia)" (in Polish; Google translation: "Julius Erasmus Bolek was a guest last night in the "Ark" (photos)") at the "moja-ostroleka" website, retrieved February 19, 2010
42. Web pages titled "Lipska Ewa" (in English Archived 2011-09-16 at the Wayback Machine and Polish Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine), at the Instytut Książki ("Books Institute") website , "Bibliography" sections, retrieved March 1, 2010
43. Web pages titled "Maj Bronisław" (both English version Archived 2011-09-11 at the Wayback Machine and Polish version Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine), at the Institute Ksiazki ("Book Institute") website, "Bibliography" section, retrieved March 2, 2010
44. Web page titled "Eugene Tkaczyszyn-Dycki (1962)" Archived 2009-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, at the Biuro Literackie literary agency website, retrieved February 25, 2010
45. Web pages titled "Miłosz Czesław" (both English version Archived 2011-09-16 at the Wayback Machine [for translated titles] and Polish version Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine [for diacritical marks]), at the Institute Ksiazki ("Book Institute") website, "Bibliography: Poetry" section, retrieved February 26, 2010
46. Web page titled "Some information about Adam Zagajewski" Archived 2010-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, cached page from the University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts website, cached on February 24, 2005 by the "Info-Poland" website, retrieved February 25, 2010
47. Web page titled "Biblioteca de autores contemporaneos / Mario Benedetti - El autor" (in Spanish), retrieved May 27, 2009. Archived 2009-05-30.
48. Web page/article titled "Wang Xiaoni" Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine at Poetry International website, retrieved November 22, 2008
49. Web page/article titled "Yi Sha" at Poetry International retrieved November 22, 2008