1991 Southeast Asian Games

The 1991 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 16th Southeast Asian Games, was a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines from 24 November to 3 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women's marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.[1][2]

16th Southeast Asian Games

Host city	Manila, Philippines
Motto	"Nine Nations, Under an Asian Sun"
Nations participating	9
Events	28 sports
Opening ceremony	24 November
Closing ceremony	3 December
Officially opened by	Corazon Aquino President of the Philippines
Torch lighter	Carlos Loyzaga Lydia de Vega Gerard Cantada
Ceremony venue	Rizal Memorial Stadium

Four sports (archery, canoeing, sailing, and triathlon) were held in venues in Subic Bay.[3]

Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, Philippines hosted the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.

The games

Participating nations

Brunei  Indonesia  Laos  Malaysia  Myanmar

Philippines  Singapore  Thailand  Vietnam

Sports

• Aquatics ()
• Archery ()
• Athletics ()
• Badminton ()
• Basketball ()
• Billiards and snooker ()
• Bodybuilding ()
• Bowling ()
• Boxing ()
• Cycling ()
• Fencing ()
• Football ()
• Golf ()
• Gymnastics ()
• Judo ()
• Karate ()
• Rowing ()
• Sailing ()
• Sepak Takraw ()
• Shooting ()
• Softball ()
• Squash ()
• Table tennis ()
• Taekwondo ()
• Tennis ()
• Volleyball ()
• Weightlifting ()
• Wushu ()

Medal table

[4]

Key

  *   Host nation (Philippines)

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Indonesia (INA)	92	86	67	245
2	Philippines (PHI)*	91	62	86	239
3	Thailand (THA)	72	80	69	221
4	Malaysia (MAS)	36	38	66	140
5	Singapore (SIN)	18	32	45	95
6	Myanmar (MYA)	12	16	29	57
7	Vietnam (VIE)	7	12	10	29
8	Brunei (BRU)	0	0	8	8
9	Laos (LAO)	0	0	0	0
Totals (9 nations)		328	326	380	1034

Concerns and controversies

1991 Southeast Asian Games

Reduction of gold medals

The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought.

See also

• 2005 Southeast Asian Games
• 2019 Southeast Asian Games

References

1. Philippine Daily Inquirer December 1992 University of the Philippines Main Library: Microfilm Section
2. Percy Seneviratne (1993) Golden Moments: the S.E.A Games 1959-1991 Dominie Press, Singapore ISBN 981-00-4597-2
3. Empeño, Henry (5 July 2019). "SBMA sets P133.5-million upgrade of Subic SEA Games venues". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
4. "1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

External links

• History of the SEA Games
• "1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.