1954 in the United States
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Events from the year 1954 in the United States.
Incumbents
Federal Government
- President: Dwight D. Eisenhower (R-Kansas/New York)
- Vice President: Richard Nixon (R-California)
- Chief Justice: Earl Warren (California)
- Speaker of the House of Representatives: Joseph William Martin, Jr. (R-Massachusetts)
- Senate Majority Leader: William F. Knowland (R-California)
- Congress: 83rd
Events
January
January 21: USS Nautilus, the first nuclear-powered submarine
- January 14 – Marilyn Monroe marries baseball player Joe DiMaggio at San Francisco City Hall.
- January 20
- The U.S.-based National Negro Network is established with 40 charter member radio stations.
- Rogers Pass, Montana, records the coldest temperature in the contiguous United States of −70 °F (−56.7 °C).
- January 21 – The first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, is launched in Groton, Connecticut, by First Lady of the United States Mamie Eisenhower.
- January 25 – The foreign ministers of the United States, United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union meet at the Berlin Conference.
February
- February 2 – New York City Ballet co-founder and balletmaster George Balanchine's production of The Nutcracker is staged for the first time in New York, becoming an annual tradition there, still being performed there as of 2008.
- February 10 – After authorizing $385,000,000 over the $400,000,000 already budgeted for military aid to Vietnam, U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower warns against United States intervention in Vietnam.
- February 23 – The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
March
- March 1
- U.S. officials announce that a hydrogen bomb test has been conducted on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
- U.S. Capitol shooting incident: Four Puerto Rican nationalists open fire in the United States House of Representatives chamber and wound five people; they are apprehended by security guards.
- March 9 – Journalists Edward Murrow and Fred W. Friendly produce a 30-minute See It Now documentary, entitled A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy.
- March 16 – The Army–McCarthy hearings are convened.
- March 19 – Joey Giardello knocks out Willie Tory at Madison Square Garden, in the first televised boxing prizefight to be shown in color.
- March 25 – The 26th Academy Awards ceremony is held; From Here to Eternity wins Best Picture.
- March 28 – Puerto Rico's first television station, WKAQ-TV, goes on the air.
April
- April 1 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
- April 7 – Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his "domino theory" speech during a news conference.
- April 16 – Vice President Richard Nixon announces that the United States may be “putting our own boys in Indochina regardless of Allied support.”
- April 22 – Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings investigating the United States Army for being "soft" on Communism.
May
- May 14 – The Boeing 707 is released after about two years of development.
- May 17 – Brown v. Board of Education (347 US 483 1954): The United States Supreme Court rules that segregated schools are unconstitutional.[1]
June
- June 9 – McCarthyism: Joseph Welch, special counsel for the United States Army, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy, during hearings on whether Communism has infiltrated the Army, saying, 'Have you, at long last, no decency?'.[1]
- June 14 – The words "under God" are added to the United States Pledge of Allegiance.
- June 17 – A CIA-engineered military coup occurs in Guatemala.
- June 27 – Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán steps down in a CIA-sponsored military coup, triggering a bloody civil war that continues for more than thirty-five years.
July
- July 1 – The United States officially begins using the international unit of the nautical mile, equal to 6,076.11549 ft. or 1,852 meters.
- July 15 – The maiden flight of the Boeing 367-80 (or Dash 80), a prototype of the Boeing 707 series.
- July 19 – Elvis Presley's first single, "That's All Right", is released by Sun Records (recorded July 5 in Memphis, Tennessee).
August
- August 16 – The first issue of Sports Illustrated magazine is published.
September
- September 3 – The last new episode of The Lone Ranger is aired on radio, after 2,956 episodes over a period of 21 years.
- September 8 – The original Sunshine Skyway Bridge opens to traffic.
- September 11 – The Miss America Pageant is broadcast on television for the first time.
- September 29 – The Catch (baseball): A notable defensive play is made by New York Giants center fielder Willie Mays on a ball hit by Cleveland Indians batter Vic Wertz during Game 1 of the 1954 World Series at the Polo Grounds in Upper Manhattan.
- September 30 – The USS Nautilus, the first nuclear-powered submarine, is commissioned by the US Navy.
October
- October 2 – The New York Giants (baseball) defeat the Cleveland Indians, 4 games to 0, to win their 5th World Series Title.
- October 15 – Hurricane Hazel makes U.S. landfall; it is the only recorded Category 4 hurricane to strike as far north as North Carolina.
- October 18 – Texas Instruments announces the development of the first transistor radio.
November
- November 10 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in Arlington National Cemetery.
- November 12 – The main immigration port of entry in New York Harbor at Ellis Island closes.
- November 23 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average rises 3.27 points, or 0.86%, closing at an all-time high of 382.74. More significantly, this is the first time the Dow has surpassed its peak level reached just before the Wall Street Crash of 1929.
- November 30 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, a 4 kg piece of the Hodges Meteorite crashes through the roof of a house and badly bruises a napping woman, in the first documented case of an object from outer space hitting a person.
December
- December 1 – The first Hyatt Hotel, The Hyatt House Los Angeles, opens. It is the first hotel in the world built outside of an airport.
- December 2
- Red Scare: The U.S. Senate votes 67–22 to condemn Joseph McCarthy for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute."[1]
- The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty between the U.S. and Republic of China is signed.[2]
- December 4 – The first branch of Burger King opens in Miami, Florida, USA.
- December 21 – The 6.5 ML Eureka earthquake affects the north coast of California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Several people are injured and one killed, with $2.1 million in damage.
- December 23 – The first successful kidney transplant is performed by Joseph E. Murray, MD in Boston from one identical twin to his brother. Murray will later share the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his "[discovery] concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease".[3]
Undated
- Mongolian gerbils are brought to the U.S. by Dr. Victor Schwentker.
- The Boy Scouts of America desegregates on the basis of race.
- The TV dinner is introduced by entrepreneur Gerry Thomas.
Ongoing
- Cold War (1947–1991)
- Second Red Scare (1947–1957)
Births
January–March
- January 1 – Bob Menendez, U.S. Senator from New Jersey from 2006
- January 14 – Tom Cheney, cartoonist
- January 17 – Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., socialite and environmental activist
- January 19 – Clifford Tabin, geneticist and academic
- January 20 – Ken Page, actor and singer
- January 23
- Richard Finch, bass player, songwriter and producer (KC and the Sunshine Band)
- Greg Guidry, singer, songwriter (died 2003)
- January 29
- Bill Evers, baseball player, coach and manager
- Terry Kinney, actor
- February 9 – Chris Gardner, African-American businessman, investor, stockbroker, motivational speaker, author, and philanthropist
- February 12 – Philip Zimmermann, cryptographer
- February 15 – Matt Groening, author, cartoonist, producer and screenwriter
- February 16 – Margaux Hemingway, fashion model and actress, sister of Mariel Hemingway (d. 1996)
- February 18 – John Travolta, actor and singer[4]
- February 20 – Patty Hearst, heiress and kidnap victim[5]
April–June
- April 10 – Peter MacNicol, actor
- April 23 – Michael Moore, filmmaker, writer, social critic and activist
- May 1 – Alan Poul, screen producer and director
- May 4 – Doug Jones, U.S. Senator from Alabama from 2018
- May 8
- Pam Arciero, puppeteer and voice actress
- David Keith, actor and director
- John Michael Talbot, Christian musician
- May 12 – Rafael Yglesias, novelist and screenwriter
- May 21 – Janice Karman, film producer, record producer, singer and voice artist, wife of Ross Bagdasarian Jr.
- May 26 – Danny Rolling, murderer (d. 2006)
- May 28 – Townsend Coleman, voice actor
- May 29 – Jerry Moran, U.S. Senator from Kansas from 2011
- June 14 – Cyrus Vance Jr., New York County District Attorney from 2010
- June 25 – Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S. from 2009
July–September
- July 1 – Keith Whitley, country music singer (d. 1989)
- July 23 – Janet Cooke, disgraced American journalist, forced to return a Pulitzer Prize for a fabricated story
- July 25 – Walter Payton, football running back playing for the Chicago Bears (d. 1999)
- August 24 – Ed Buck, Democrat political activist and fundraiser[6]
- September 6 – Carly Fiorina, businesswoman, CEO of Hewlett-Packard
- September 21 – Cass Sunstein, legal scholar
- September 23 – Melanie Skillman, archer[7]
- September 24 – Ash Carter, 25th United States Secretary of Defense
October–December
- October 3 – Joe Gates, baseball player and coach (d. 2010)
- October 26 – Stephen L. Carter, African American author of legal thrillers
- November 12 – Rob Lytle, American football player (d. 2010)
- November 14
- Anson Funderburgh, guitarist and bandleader
- Condoleezza Rice, first female African American Secretary of State, in office from 2005-2009
- December 2 – Stone Phillips, journalist and educator
- December 10 – Gavin Smith, film studio executive (d. 2012)
- December 15 – Mark Warner, U.S. Senator from Virginia from 2009
Deaths
January–March
- January 1 – Leonard Bacon, poet (b. 1887)
- January 5 – Rabbit Maranville, baseball player (b. 1891)
- January 12
- William H. P. Blandy, admiral (b. 1890)
- Elmer H. Geran, politician (b. 1875)
- January 17 – Leonard Eugene Dickson, mathematician (b. 1874)
- January 31
- Edwin Armstrong, electrical engineer (b. 1890)
- Florence Bates, character actress (b. 1888)
- February 6 – Maxwell Bodenheim, poet and novelist (murdered) (b. 1892)
- February 8 – Laurence Trimble, silent film director and actor (b. 1885)
- February 9 – Mabel Paige, actress (b. 1880)
- February 16 –Senda Berenson Abbott, basketball pioneer (b. 1868)
- February 21 – William K. Howard, film director (b. 1899)
- March 7 – Will H. Hays, politician and first chairman of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (b. 1879)
- March 26 – Louis Silvers, film composer (b. 1889)
- March 30 – Horatio Dresser, New Thought religious leader (b. 1866)
April–June
- April 2
- Hoyt Vandenberg, U.S. Air Force general (b. 1899)
- Maud Barger-Wallach, tennis player (b. 1870)
- April 8 – Fritzi Scheff, singer and actress (b. 1879 in Austria)
- April 19 – Russell Davenport, journalist and publisher (b. 1899)
- April 21 – Emil Post, mathematician and logician (b. 1897)
- April 29 – Joe May, film director (b. 1880 in Austria)
- May 1 – Tom Tyler, film actor (b. 1903)
- May 3 – Earnest Hooton, writer on anthropology (b. 1887)
- May 15 – William March, fiction writer and marine (b. 1893)
- May 19 – Charles Ives, composer (b. 1874)
- May 22 – Chief Bender, Native American baseball player (Philadelphia Athletics) (b. 1884)
- May 25 – Robert Capa, photojournalist (killed on location in Vietnam) (b. 1913 in Hungary)
- June 9 – Alain LeRoy Locke, African American cultural leader (b. 1885)
- June 21 – Harvey A. Carr, psychologist (b. 1873)
- June 22 – Don Hollenbeck, newscaster (b. 1905)
July–September
- July 3 – Reginald Marsh, painter (b. 1898)
- July 13
- Irving Pichel, actor and director (b. 1891)
- Grantland Rice, sportswriter (b. 1880)
- July 14 – Jackie Saunders, silent screen actress (b. 1892)
- July 17 – Machine Gun Kelly, gangster (b. 1895)
- August 3 – Bess Streeter Aldrich, novelist (b. 1881)
- August 31 – Elsa Barker, writer (b. 1869)
- September 1 – Bert Acosta, aviator (b. 1895)
- September 3 – Eugene Pallette, film actor (b. 1889)
- September 6 – Edward C. Kalbfus, admiral (b. 1877)
- September 7
- Bud Fisher, cartoonist (b. 1885)
- Glenn Scobey Warner, college football coach (b. 1871)
- September 20 – Washington Phillips, gospel singer and instrumentalist (b. 1880)
- September 26 – Ellen Roosevelt, tennis player (b. 1868)
- September 28
- Bert Lytell, actor (b. 1885)
- Pat McCarran, Democratic U.S. Senator from Nevada from 1933 to 1954 (b. 1876)
October–December
- October 9 – Robert H. Jackson, U.S. Supreme Court associate justice, chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials (b. 1892)
- October 12 – George Welch, aviator (b. 1918)
- October 19 – Hugh Duffy, baseball player (Boston Braves) (b. 1866)
- October 30 – Wilbur Shaw, racing driver (b. 1902)
- November 15 – Lionel Barrymore, actor (b. 1878)
- November 16 – Albert Francis Blakeslee, botanist (b. 1874)
- November 20 – Clyde Cessna, aviator and aircraft designer and manufacturer (b. 1879)
- November 22
- Roderick McMahon, professional boxing and wrestling promoter (b. 1882)
- Moroni Olsen, actor (b. 1889)
- November 29
- Enrico Fermi, nuclear physicist (b. 1901 in Italy)
- Dink Johnson, Dixieland jazz performer (b. 1892)
- December 1 – Fred Rose, songwriter (b. 1898)
- December 8 – Gladys George, actress (b. 1904)
- December 25 – Johnny Ace, R&B singer (shooting accident) (b. 1929)
- December 27 – Adolph Otto Niedner, cartridge designer (b. 1863)
References
- "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved 25 August 2016
- Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China.
- Dente, Christopher J. (March 2005). "Joseph E. Murray (1919– )". Archives of Surgery. American Medical Association.
- Kim Long (1994). American Forecaster Almanac, 1994. American Demographics Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-936889-25-2.
- Celebrity Services Internation (December 1989). Celebrity Register. Cengage Gale. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-8103-6875-0.
- "Who Is Ed Buck?". Wehoville. 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
- "Melanie Skillman - Olympic Archery | United States of America". International Olympic Committee. 14 June 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
External links
Media related to 1954 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
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