1923 Greek legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 16 December 1923.[1] The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 250 of the 398 seats.[2]

1923 Greek legislative election

16 December 1923
All 398 seats of the Greek Parliament 199 seats needed for a majority
Leader Stylianos Gonatas Alexandros Papanastasiou Party Liberal DE Leader since 1920 1923 Last election 110 seats New Seats won 250 120 Seat change 140 New
Prime Minister before election Stylianos Gonatas Liberal Elected Prime Minister Stylianos Gonatas Liberal

Background

After the defeat of the Liberals in 1920, Eleftherios Venizelos left the country, King Constantine I returned and Greece was soundly defeated by the newly reformed Turkey in the war in Anatolia. After the death of King Constantine, his eldest son George was proclaimed King George II. After the national defeat and the definitive Treaty of Lausanne however, Greece was sorely divided.

On 18 October 1923 the decree for calling elections to the Fourth National Assembly of the Greeks was published. The date of the elections was set for 2 December, and on 19 October, military law and censorship were abolished. Two days later, there was what came to be called a "counter-revolutionary" uprising against the government. This uprising was suppressed but it influenced in a significant way the political situation in the country since the military leaders behind it were pressing for the expulsion of King George and the proclamation of a republic.

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Liberal Party			250
	Democratic Union–Democratic Liberals			120
	Anti-Venizelists			7
	Independent Democrats			7
	Agrarian Party			3
	Thessaloniki Jews			3
	Western Thrace Muslims			3
	Socialist Party			1
	Independents			1
Total		694,448	100	398
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Aftermath

The pro-monarchist parties abstained and the Liberals won 250 of the 398 seats. Following the elections, the King was forced to leave the country, with Admiral Pavlos Koundouriotis appointed as a regent. The new parliament convened on 2 January 1924. The office of Prime Minister was held for a short time by G. Kafandaris before Alexandros Papanastasiou was appointed to the post on 24 March. His programmatic statement of legislative proposals was perhaps the most radical document which had up to that time ever been read out in the Hellenic Parliament. Its basic aim was to proclaim a republic. On the next day (25 March), Parliament voted to proclaim a republic, and this was endorsed in a referendum held on 13 April.

Following the referendum, Pavlos Koundouriotis was elected president by Parliament.

References

1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p829 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p857