1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland

The 1885 general election in Ireland was the first election following the Representation of the People Act 1884 and the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, which redrew the Irish electoral landscape.

24 November – 18 December 1885
101 of the 670 seats to the House of Commons
Turnout	75.0% (In contested seats)
Leader Charles Stewart Parnell Marquess of Salisbury William Ewart Gladstone Party Irish Parliamentary Conservative Liberal Leader since 17 October 1882 April 1881 April 1880 Leader's seat Cork City House of Lords Midlothian Seats before 63 23 15 Seats won 85 16 0 Seat change 22 7 15 Popular vote 307,119 111,503 30,022 Percentage 67.8% 24.8% 6.8% Swing 30.3% 15% 15.9%
Results of the 1885 election in Ireland

The election saw the Irish Parliamentary Party secure their place as the dominant party in Irish politics, winning the vast majority of available seats. In comparison, the Liberals were wiped out in Ireland, whilst the Conservatives were reduced to 16 seats.

The election also saw the emergence of the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union; one of the forerunners of the later Irish Unionist Alliance. The IPLU sought to maximise the number of candidates elected from unionist parties in the three southern Irish provinces. In doing this the party would support individual candidates in various constituencies, and encourage Irish unionists to vote for these candidates, instead of splitting their vote between the various parties. Despite the IPLU's attempts, no southern Unionists were elected.

The election also saw a similarly named Loyal Irish Union, which campaigned alongside Irish Conservatives. Unlike the ILPU, which prioritised Unionism over party politics, the Loyal Irish Union prioritised opposition to the Liberals over forming any kind of bi-partisan Unionist alliance.

Changes to the Irish Electorate

The Irish electorate in 1885 was radically different to that in 1880. The Representation of the People Act 1884 equalised the county and borough franchises and made all householders and lodgers in the counties eligible to vote, thereby bringing Irish electoral law into line with that in Great Britain. The result of this reform was massive, and saw the Irish electorate more than triple, increasing from 229,204 in 1880 to 737,965 in 1885.[1] In spite of this, however, the Irish electorate was still comparatively smaller than the electorates of the other nations of the United Kingdom; whilst 2 in 3 adults males had the vote in England and Wales, or 3 in 5 in Scotland, in Ireland only 1 in 2 adult males could vote.[2]

Results

Not included in the totals are the two Dublin University seats, which were uncontested and were retained by the Conservatives.

Party		Leader	Seats			Votes
			# of Seats	% of Seats	Seat Change	# of Votes	% of Votes	Vote Change
	Irish Parliamentary	Charles Stewart Parnell	85	87.1	24	307,119	67.8	30.3
	Irish Conservative	Lord Salisbury	16	15.8	7	111,503	24.8	15.0
	Liberal	William Ewart Gladstone	0	0	15	30,022	6.8	15.9
Totals			101	100		451,466	100
Sources: Rallings & Thrasher[3]

Popular vote Irish Parliamentary   68.46% Irish Conservative   24.85% Liberal   6.69%

Parliamentary seats Irish Parliamentary   84.16% Irish Conservative   15.84%

See also

• History of Ireland (1801–1923)

References

1. Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael (2012). British Electoral Facts: 1832–2012. Biteback Publishing Ltd. p. 89. ISBN 978-184954-134-3.
2. Cook, Chris (2005). The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815–1914. Routledge. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-415-35970-2.
3. Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael (2012). British Electoral Facts: 1832–2012. Biteback Publishing Ltd. p. 12. ISBN 978-184954-134-3.