1824 and 1825 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1824 and 1825 were elections for the United States Senate that saw the Jacksonians gain a majority over the Anti-Jacksonian National Republican Party.

1824 and 1825 United States Senate elections

Dates vary by state
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority
Party Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian Seats won 8 10 Seats after 25 20 Seat change 25 20 Seats up 0 0   Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Last election 44 seats 3 seats Seats before 43 5 Seat change 43 5 Seats up 15 1
Majority Party before election Democratic-Republican Elected Majority Party Jacksonian

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 19th Congress (1825–1827)

• Majority Party: Jacksonian (26)
• Minority Party: Anti-Jacksonian (22)
• Total seats: 48

Change in composition

Before the elections

						DR1	DR1	DR3	DR4
DR14	DR13	DR12	DR11	DR10	DR9	DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5
DR15	DR16	DR17	DR18	DR19	DR20	DR21	DR22	DR23	DR24
Majority →
DR34 Ohio Ran new party	DR33 N.C. Ran new party	DR32 Mo. Ran new party	DR31 Md. Ran new party	DR30 La. Ran new party	DR29 Conn. Ran new party	DR28	DR27	DR26	DR25
DR35 S.C. Ran new party	DR36 Ala. Unknown	DR37 Ga. Unknown	DR38 Ill. Unknown	DR39 Ky. Unknown	DR40 N.H. Unknown	DR41 Ind. Retired	DR42 Pa. Retired	DR43 Vt. Retired	Fa5 N.Y. Retired
						Fa1	Fa2	Fa3	Fa4

Election results

						DR1	DR1	DR3	DR4
DR14	DR13	DR12	DR11	DR10	DR9	DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5
DR15	DR16	DR17	DR18	DR19	DR20	DR21	DR22	DR23	DR24
Majority →
AJ6 Pa. Gain	AJ5 Ohio Gain	AJ4 Ind. Gain	AJ3 Vt. Re-elected new party	AJ2 Mo. Re-elected new party	AJ1 La. Re-elected new party	DR28	DR27	DR26	DR25
V1 Conn. DR Loss	V2 N.Y. F Loss	J8 N.H. Gain	J7 Ky. Gain	J6 Ill. Gain	J5 Ga. Gain	J4 Ala. Gain	J3 S.C. Re-elected new party	J2 N.C. Re-elected new party	J1 Md. Re-elected new party
						Fa1	Fa2	Fa3	Fa4

Beginning of the next Congress

						AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4
AJ14	AJ13	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7	AJ6	AJ5
AJ15	AJ16	AJ17	AJ18	AJ19	AJ20	V1	V2	V3	J25
Majority →									J24
J15	J16	J17	J18	J19	J20	J21	J22	J23
J14	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7	J6	J5
						J1	J2	J3	J4

Key:	18th Congress 19th Congress DR# Democratic-Republican AJ# Anti-Jacksonian F# Federalist J# Jacksonian   V# Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 18th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1824 or before March 4, 1825; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Delaware (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. Incumbent re-elected late January 9, 1824. Federalist gain.	Nicholas Van Dyke (Federalist) 18 votes Andrew Gray (Democratic-Republican) 9 votes Blank 1 vote[1]
Delaware (Class 1)	Vacant			Caesar A. Rodney (DR) had resigned January 29, 1823 in the previous Congress. Successor elected January 13, 1824. Federalist gain.	Thomas Clayton (Federalist) 19 votes Henry M. Ridgely (Federalist) 9 votes William H. White (Federalist) 1 vote[2]
Louisiana (Class 3)	James Brown	Democratic-Republican	1819	Incumbent resigned December 10, 1823 to become U.S. Minister to France. Successor elected January 15, 1824.[3] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor later re-elected, see below.	Josiah S. Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 29 votes Edward Livingston 27 votes[3]
Connecticut (Class 2)	Henry W. Edwards	Democratic-Republican	1823 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected May 5, 1824.	Henry W. Edwards (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Louisiana (Class 2)	Henry Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Appointed) 1823 (Special)	Incumbent resigned May 27, 1824 to become Governor of Louisiana. Successor elected November 19, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold.	Charles D.J. Bouligny (Democratic-Republican) 33 votes J. H. Harper 14 votes P. Thomas 11 votes[4]
Illinois (Class 3)	Ninian Edwards	Democratic-Republican	1818 1819	Incumbent resigned March 3, 1824. Successor elected November 24, 1824 on the third ballot, but not to next term. Democratic-Republican hold.	John McLean (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing][5]
Georgia (Class 2)	Nicholas Ware	Democratic-Republican	1821 (Special) 1823	Incumbent died September 7, 1824. Successor elected December 6, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold.	Thomas W. Cobb (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing][6]
Virginia (Class 2)	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1792 (Special) 1793	Died August 21, 1824. Successor elected December 7, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold.	Littleton Tazewell (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing]

Races leading to the 19th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1825 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	William Kelly	Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction)	1822 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824.[7] Jacksonian gain.	Henry H. Chambers (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Connecticut	James Lanman	Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction)	1818	Incumbent re-elected in 1824[8] but disqualified. Democratic-Republican loss.	James Lanman (Unknown) [data unknown/missing]
Georgia	John Elliott	Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction)	1819	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824.[9] Jacksonian gain.	John M. Berrien (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Illinois	Ninian Edwards	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1818 1819	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824 on the tenth ballot.[10] Jacksonian gain.	Elias Kane (Jacksonian) 28 votes Samuel D. Lockwood 21 votes Thomas Sloo Jr. 2 votes Edward Coles 1 vote[10]
Indiana	Waller Taylor	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1816 1818	Incumbent retired. Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot.[11] Anti-Jacksonian gain.	William Hendricks (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Kentucky	Isham Talbot	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1815 (Special) 1819 (Lost or retired) 1820 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824.[12] Jacksonian gain.	John Rowan (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Louisiana	Josiah S. Johnston	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1824	Incumbent re-elected in 1825 on the second ballot as an Anti-Jacksonian.[13]	Josiah S. Johnston (Anti-Jacksonian) 32 votes Edward Livingston 27 votes
Maryland	Edward Lloyd	Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction)	1819	Incumbent re-elected in 1825 as a Jacksonian.	Edward Lloyd (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing][14]
Missouri	David Barton	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1821	Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as an Anti-Jacksonian.[15]	David Barton (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
New Hampshire	John F. Parrott	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1818	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1825 on the forty-first ballot.[lower-alpha 1][16] Jacksonian gain. Successor seated late March 16, 1825.	Levi Woodbury (Anti-Jacksonian) 115 votes Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) 53 votes Samuel Dinsmoor 43 votes William Plumer Jr. 1 vote Nay 2 votes[16]
New York	Rufus King	Federalist (Adams-Clay faction)	1789 1795 1796 (Resigned) 1813 1819/1820	Incumbent retired. Vacant due to a deadlock in the New York State Legislature.[17][18] Federalist loss.	17 candidates
North Carolina	Nathaniel Macon	Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction)	1815 (Special) 1818	Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as a Jacksonian.[19]	Nathaniel Macon (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Ohio	Ethan Allen Brown	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1822 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot.[20] Anti-Jacksonian gain.	William Henry Harrison (Anti-Jacksonian) Ethan Allen Brown (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Pennsylvania	Walter Lowrie	Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction)	1818	Incumbent retired. Successor elected in February 1825 on the thirty-second ballot.[21] Anti-Jacksonian gain.	William Marks (Anti-Jacksonian) 73 votes Thomas Burnside 27 votes John Sergeant (Federalist) 19 votes Samuel D. Ingham (Democratic-Republican) 2 votes[21]
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction)	1804 (Special) 1806 1812 1818	Incumbent re-elected in 1824 on the second ballot as a Jacksonian.[22]	John Gaillard (Jacksonian) 82 votes Daniel E. Huger 67 votes Warren R. Davis 7 votes Blank 1 vote[22]
Vermont	William A. Palmer	Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)	1818 (Special) 1818	Incumbent retired. Successor elected in 1824 on the fourth ballot.[23] Anti-Jacksonian gain.	Dudley Chase (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]

Special elections during the 19th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1825 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Connecticut (Class 3)	Vacant			Vacant due to credentials challenge. Successor elected May 4, 1825. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	Calvin Willey (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Rhode Island (Class 2)	James DeWolf	Anti-Jacksonian	1820 or 1821	Incumbent resigned October 31, 1825. Successor elected October 31, 1825. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	Asher Robbins (Anti-Jacksonian) 43 votes Elisha R. Potter 36 votes Scattering 2 votes[24]

Alabama

Connecticut

Delaware

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Missouri

New Hampshire

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island (Special)

South Carolina

Vermont

Virginia (Special)

See also

• 1824 United States elections
  • 1824 United States House of Representatives elections
• 18th United States Congress
• 19th United States Congress

Notes

1. There were 36 ballots in 1824 in which the New Hampshire House of Representatives and New Hampshire Senate would not agree on a U.S. Senator. Balloting continued into 1825, and Woodbury was finally elected on the 5th ballot.

References

1. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
2. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
3. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
4. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
5. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
6. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
7. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
8. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
9. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
10. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
11. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
12. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
13. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
14. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
15. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
16. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
17. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
18. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
19. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
20. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
21. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
22. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
23. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
24. "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.

• Party Division in the Senate, 1889-Present, via Senate.gov