1170s

The 1170s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1170, and ended on December 31, 1179.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s
Years:	1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179
Categories:	Births Deaths By country By topic Establishments Disestablishments

Events

1170

By place

Levant

• Winter – An Egyptian army led by Saladin invades Palestina, and besieges Darum on the Mediterranean coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege-engines with him, its fall seems imminent. King Amalric I withdraws his Templar garrison from Gaza, to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord Miles of Plancy), and massacres the inhabitants. But the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat back to Egypt.[1]
• Saladin sends an Egyptian squadron up the Gulf of Akaba, which captures the Crusader outpost of Aila, at the head of the Gulf.[2]

England

• June 14 – King Henry II has his 15-year-old son Henry (the Young King) crowned by Roger, archbishop of York, as Junior King and heir to the English throne. The Becket dispute forces Henry to reconcile his quarrel with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, who finds this act a violation of Canterbury's privilege of coronation.
• July 22 – Henry II and Thomas Becket meet near Fréteval, France, where they come to an agreement to end their differences. This results in Becket's partial restoration.
• December 1 – Henry II sends word, saying that the conflict with Thomas Becket is at an end, and his lands will be restored. Becket returns to England, landing at Sandwich.
• December 25 – Thomas Becket takes to the pulpit at Canterbury Cathedral and gives his sermon. At the end of the sermon, he excommunicates several of his enemies.
• This is the earliest date for the making of Cheddar Cheese in Somerset (this according to a pipe roll of Henry II, who purchases 10,240 lb of Cheddar at a farthing per pound).
• December 29 – Thomas Becket is assassinated by knights in Canterbury Cathedral, after his refusal to be arrested for breaking his agreement with Henry II.[3]

Ireland

• September 21 – Following a siege, combined Anglo-Norman and Irish forces seize the city of Dublin, forcing Ascall mac Ragnaill, king of Dublin, into exile.[4]

Africa

• Fes in the Almohad Caliphate (modern Morocco) becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.[5]

Asia

• The palace guards massacre the civil officials at the Korean court of Goryeo and place Myeongjong as new ruler on the throne of the Goryeo Dynasty.
• 29 June- 1170 Syria earthquake. It was one of the largest earthquakes to hit Syria. It formed part of a sequence of large earthquakes that propagated southwards along the Dead Sea Transform, starting with the 1138 Aleppo earthquake, continuing with the 1157 Hama, 1170 and 1202 Syria events.[6]

By topic

Folklore

• The Welsh prince Madoc (son of King Owain ap Gruffudd of Gwynedd) sails to North America, in his ship the Gwennan Gorn, and founds a colony.

Religion

• Peter waldo, a French merchant of Lyon, starts the popular religious movement of the "Poor Men of Lyon", or Waldenses.[7]

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Significant people

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References

1. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 317–318. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
2. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 318. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
3. Frank Barlow (1986). Thomas Becket, p. 236. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-79189-8.
4. Foster, R. F. (1989). The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. Oxford University Press.
5. "Largest Cities Through History". About.com Geography.
6. Ambraseys, Nicholas N. (2004). "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia. 47 (2–3): 733, 738, 745, 750.
7. Hywell Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 126. Londo: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.