Zafadola

Aḥmad III Abū Jaʿfar ibn ʿAbd al-Malik al-Mustanṣir[1] (died 5 February 1146),[2] called Sayf al-Dawla ("Sword of the Dynasty"), Latinised as Zafadola,[lower-alpha 1] was the last ruler of the Hudid dynasty. He ruled the rump of the taifa kingdom of Zaragoza from his castle at Rueda de Jalón, in what is now Spain. He was the son of ʿAbd al-Malik.

Ruins of the walls of Rueda de Jalón

After the city of Zaragoza was conquered by the Almoravids in 1110, ʿAbd al-Malik and Sayf al-Dawla fled to Rueda to resist the invaders. There they received help from Alfonso the Battler, king of Aragon.[3][4] Their state was reduced to the towns of Rueda and Borja and their hinterland.[3] In 1130 ʿAbd al-Malik died. In 1131 Sayf al-Dawla sent messengers to the court of King Alfonso VII of León to propose his rendering homage to Alfonso. The latter sent an embassy led by Count Rodrigo Martínez and the king's counsellor Gutierre Fernández de Castro to Rueda to make final arrangements. The taifa king and his sons then went to Alfonso, surrendered Rueda to him and became his vassals.[5] Alfonso in turn gave Sayf al-Dawla territory in the Kingdom of Toledo and the task of defending a sector of the southern frontier from the Almoravids.[6]

Sayf al-Dawla took part in battles with the Almoravids in Jaén, Granada and Murcia, and also fought against Alfonso the Battler.[5] In 1135 he attended Alfonso VII's imperial coronation in León. He was defending the southern border in 1146, when Alfonso VII sent some of his leading knights—Manrique de Lara, Ponce de Cabrera and Armengol de Urgel—to assist him. In a dispute with the Spaniards, Sayf al-Dawla was killed during the battle of Chinchilla, near Chinchilla de Montearagón.[6][7]

Notes
  1. The author of the contemporary Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris refers to Sayf al-Dawla as rex Zafadola sarracenorum, "king of the Saracens".
  1. Maíllo Salgado 2008, p. 140 n. 260.
  2. Ubieto Arteta 1961, p. 245.
  3. Catlos 2004, p. 75.
  4. Canal Sánchez-Pagín 2003, p. 47.
  5. García-Osuna Rodríguez 2012, pp. 143–44.
  6. García Fitz 2004, pp. 238–40.
  7. Barton 1997, p. 175.

References
  • Barton, Simon (1997). The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (2003). "El conde Gómez González de Candespina: su historia y su familia". Anuario de estudios medievales. 33 (1): 37–68.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Catlos, Brian A. (2004). The Victors and the Vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • García Fitz, Francisco (2004). "¿Una "España musulmana, sometida y tributaria"? la España que no fue" (PDF). Historia. Instituciones. Documentos. 31: 227–48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-29.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • García-Osuna Rodríguez, José María Manuel (2012). "El rey Alfonso VII "El emperador" de León" (PDF). Anuario Brigantino. 35: 99–160. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 29, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Maíllo Salgado, Felipe; Ibn al-Kardabūs (2008). Historia de al-Ándalus (3rd ed.). Madrid: Akal.
  • Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1961). "La Historia Roderici y su fecha de redacción" (PDF). Saitabi: revista de la Facultat de Geografia i Història. 11: 241–46. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-05. Retrieved 2014-10-18.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Further reading
  • Huici Miranda, Ambrosio (1962). "Los Banu Hud de Zaragoza, Alfonso el Batallador y los almoravides (Nuevas aportaciones)". Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragon. 1: 7–37.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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