Yura Fortress

Yura Fortress
	Osaka Bay, Japan
	ruins of Kada Battery
Type	Defensive fortification
Site information
Controlled by	Empire of Japan
Condition	ruins
Site history
Built	1884–1945
Materials	Concrete; Wood; Steel;
Demolished	1946
Battles/wars	World War II
Garrison information
Occupants	Imperial Japanese Army

Yura Fortress (由良要塞, Yura yōsai) was the name of a group of coastal fortifications built to guard the entrance to Osaka Bay and thus the city of Osaka from attack from the sea. These gun batteries and fortifications ceased to be used after the end of World War II.

ruins of Oishi Battery No.1

ruins of Miyama Battery

History

After the Meiji restoration, the primary threats to the new Empire of Japan were perceived to be Qing China's Beiyang fleet, followed by the Russian Empire's Pacific Fleet. The Meiji government ordered the construction of a set of coastal fortifications to protect the western entrance to the Seto Inland Sea and the cities of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto starting in 1889. The main facilities were constructed in three groups to block the Kitan Strait, one group on Awaji Island, one group on Tomogashima in the middle of the strait, and one ground around Miyama on the western shore of Kii Peninsula in Wakayama city. A fourth group, the Naruto Fortress, was added to the Yura Fortress in May 1903. This fortification covered the Naruto Strait between Shikoku and the western side of Awaji Island.

The largest guns installed were 28-cm howitzers of the same type which were under during the Russo-Japanese War at the Siege of Port Arthur to get effect against the Russian Pacific Fleet. From the 1920s and 1930s, many surplus guns of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which had been made available due to the reduction of capital warships per the London Naval Treaty and the Washington Naval Treaty, were reused in these coastal artillery installations.

The Yura Garrison Command was headquartered at Yura, in what is now part of the city of Sumoto, Hyōgo on the island of Awaji. In the final stages of World War II, the Yura Fortress came under the command of the Japanese Fifteenth Area Army under the Second General Army.

All fortifications were dismantled at the end of World War II.

Components of the Yura Fortress

Yura Site

Oishi No.1 Battery: 28cm howitzer (6 guns)
Oishi No.2 Battery: 28cm howitzer (6 guns)
Oishi No.3 Battery: 24cm cannon (8 guns)
Oishi No.4 Battery: 27cm canon (4 guns)
Oishi No.5 Battery: 12cm cannon (4 guns)
Naruyama No.1 Battery: 15cm cannon (2 guns), 21cm cannon (6 guns)
Naruyama No.2 Battery: 12cm cannon (2 guns), 28cm howitzer (2 guns)
Takasaki Battery: 24cm cannon (8 guns)
Akamatsu Mountain Fort: 9cm cannon (6 guns)
Ibari Sanbaru: 9cm cannon (4 guns)
Oishi Bastion: 15cm mortar (4 guns)

Tomogagashi

Tomogashima 1st Battery: 27cm cannon (4 guns)
Tomogashima 2nd Battery: 27cm cannon (4 guns)
Tomogashima 3rd Battery: 28cm howitzer (8 guns)
Tomogashima 4th Battery: 28cm howitzer (6 guns)
Tomogashima 5th Battery: 12cm cannon (6 guns)
Torashima Base: 9cm cannon (4 guns)

Naruto site

Kadozaki Battery
Sasayama Battery
Gyojagatake Battery
Kakigahara Magazine and Battery

External links

Media related to Yura Fortress at Wikimedia Commons

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