William Peter Durtnall

William Peter Durtnall (1873–1947), M.I.Mar.E., M.I.Auto.E., M.I.Loco.E,[1] was a British electrical engineer and inventor, and a captain in the Royal Air Force.[2] He was involved in both marine and locomotive engineering and invented a thermo-electric engine patented as the "Paragon". Durtnall transferred from the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve to a temporary commission as a captain in the Royal Air Force in April 1918.

William Peter Durtnall
Born1873
Herne Bay
Died1947
Luton

Early life

Born in Herne Bay, Kent 1873;[3] and baptised there on 2 February 1873, his father was a mariner before marriage and later became a carman on the railway. His mother ran a lodging house and his grandfather had been a sailmaker at Chatham Dockyard.

Career

Durtnall was apprenticed to Willans at Rugby, where he was involved in a junior position in work relating to the Heilmann steam locomotives.[3] He first served at the Herne Bay Electric Light Co. in 1886. He then served at the Maxim Weston Electric Company's works at Dalston under Mr W J L Hamilton, Engineer for both companies, until 1890.[4] He was elected an Associate of the Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1893.[5]

The Herne Bay Electric Light Co. appears never to have been formally registered. It was promoted by a firm called Shippy Bros, backed by the Universal Electric Light Co. and Durtnall (along with other employees) was not paid his wages between March 1888 and January 1889, resulting in a court case at Canterbury County Court on 2 April 1889. Durtnall was employed by the Herne Bay Co. from May 1887 to 26 January 1889 and was paid a wage of 6s. per week to clean and stoke the engine, fit up bells and attend to the offices. Judgement was given in £9 for 30 weeks wages.[6]

In October 1890 he was appointed Chief Electrical Engineer to the Cannon Street Hotel Co.[4] he installed a high frequency electrical system at Cannon Street Hotel in 1895.[4] He resigned in 1899; by 1901 he had set up in business as an Electric Light and Power Engineer from premises at 85 Finsbury Pavement, E.C. Notable installations included: Messrs Hurst & Co. Dye Works; The Guildhall Literary & Art School, Winchester Corporation; Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, London; Messrs Raphael Tuck & Sons, Moorfields City, London; Messrs A V Smeeton & Co., Sun Court, Golden Lane, City (Arthur Valentine Smeeton, costume & blouse manufacturer, bankrupt 1908).[4]

Some of his subsequent work was on buses and ships. He made an experimental petrol electric bus for London use c1905. However, was most of his work was with ships. Back in England, he continued work on 'hybrid' drives, namely coupling a high speed internal combustion engine to generators or alternators that produced electricity for variable speed electric traction motors that drove ship's propellors or wheels on automobiles and locomotives.

The "Paragon" thermo-electric engine was developed and patented by Durtnall in the early years of the 20th century.[7] He proposed a number of applications, including road, rail, marine and air transport. In 1906, Durtnall designed and constructed the first vehicle to be propelled by polyphase alternating current, generated on the vehicle itself. It took the form of a motor-omnibus that could travel at three different speeds.[8]

World War I

In the Great War, he served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, transferring to the RAF when formed. He was made temp. Lt. (R.N.V.R.), 7 August 1917[9] and Staff Officer; Lt., (R.N.V.R)., & given temp. commn. as captain, 16 April 1918.[10] He was appointed captain on 1 February 1920.[11] He always styled himself Captain RAF, but captain is not an RAF rank. He was in the Air Ministry, which gave its staff Army ranks. His post was in the electrical section of the Civil Engineer's department.

Later life and death

Durtnall was active in engineering affairs from 1919, writing some articles, attending conferences, and making comments on proceedings until c1925, after which he appears to have written little. He spent his later years in Luton, where he died in 1947.

Design work

Locomotives

Durtnall read a paper entitled "The Evolution and Development of the Internal Combustion Railway Locomotive" to the Institution of Locomotive Engineers at Caxton Hall, Victoria, London on 17 June 1914.[12] In 1923, in association with Hawthorn Leslie and Company, he built a petrol/steam hybrid locomotive using the Cristiani compressed steam system.[13] He also designed a petrol engined electric transmission locomotive for service in Australia[14] (unbuilt) and a Battery electric locomotive.[15] His thermo-electric locomotive, first proposed in 1902, was not built until 1920.[16]

Marine

Durtnall devised an electric transmission system for ships.[17] On 18 July 1908 he read a paper on "The generation and electrical transmission of power for main marine propulsion and speed regulation" to the Institute of Marine Engineers at their meeting at the Congress Hall of the Franco-British Exhibition.[18] In 1909, Durtnall claimed that the use of the Paragon system in a Dreadnought would save 26% in the cost of fuel.[19]

Aviation

In 1919 The Times reported that Durtnall, together with Commander G.T. Bowles R.N., had completed tests at Manchester on a new type of aeroplane engine that would be silent and from which the danger of fire in the air had been removed.[20]

References
  1. Letter published in The Times Engineering Supplement, 8 December 1909
  2. "Family History Report", www.durtnall.org.uk, William Peter Durtnall
  3. "Internal combustion locomotive engineers", www.steamindex.com, Durtnall, William Peter
  4. Application to become Associate-Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1901
  5. The Electrical Engineer Volume 15, 1893, page 307
  6. Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald, 6 April 1889
  7. UK Patent Application No. 6758, 1909, accepted 12 May 1910.
  8. Letter to The Times Engineering Supplement, published 17 December 1913
  9. London Gazette, 10 August 1917
  10. London Gazette, 24 September 1918
  11. RAF service record, The National Archives, AIR/76/143 Pt 2
  12. "The Evolution and Development of the Internal Combustion Railway Locomotive", Institution of Locomotive Engineers, 1914.
  13. Douglas Self, The Paragon-Cristiani Compressed Steam System
  14. "Robin Barnes – Railway Art and History. Steam Locomotive Art", www.robinbarnes.net
  15. Brian Webb, "AN EARLY BATTERY LOCOMOTIVE", www.irsociety.co.uk
  16. Newcomen Society 59, pp.031–012
  17. Henry Metcalf Hobart (1911), The electric propulsion of ships, pp.135–157
  18. The Times, Wednesday, 22 July 1908; pg. 4; Issue 38705; col F
  19. The Times Engineering Supplement, 1 September 1909
  20. The Times, 22 December 1919

Sources
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