William Clarke (cryptographer)

William Francis 'Nobby' Clarke (1883–1961) was a British intelligence officer and cryptographer of naval codes in both World Wars.

For the American Jesuit of the same name, see William Francis Clarke.

Background and early life

William Francis was educated at Harrow School and Magdalen College, Oxford, and trained as a lawyer, being admitted to the bar in 1906 by his father, Edward George Clarke, a prominent lawyer and later Solicitor-General.

In 1915, he was commissioned as an assistant paymaster, having failed the eye examination for executive officer. He knew German, and in March 1916 joined Room 40. His talent was for information analysis rather than code-breaking. He was on duty during the Battle of Jutland, and was unimpressed by the inefficient handling and distribution of intelligence. When Clarke and Francis Birch were chosen in 1919 to write the history of Room 40, their outspoken criticism of the Navy’s mishandling of intelligence led to the history being “suppressed”.

Later career

In 1919, Clarke joined the Government Code and Cipher School, working for four years on American diplomatic traffic. In 1924 he was promoted to head of the new naval section in GC&CS, holding the position to 1941. He was succeeded as head by his colleague Francis Birch, and then concentrated on Italian naval codes, retiring in October 1945.

Death and burial

Clarke died in 1961, and he was buried at Church of All Saints, Selworthy.[1]

References
  1. Joseph A. Maiolo, ‘Clarke, William Francis (1883–1961)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
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