Who's Whose

Who's Whose is a panel quiz television game show that ran on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) television network. It premiered as a TV series on June 25, 1951, and is noted for being one of the first television series to be dropped after one episode.

Who's Whose
GenrePanel show
Directed byAlexander Leftwich
Presented byPhil Baker
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons1
No. of episodes1
Production
ProducerLester Lewis
Production locationsNew York City, New York
Running time30 minutes
Release
Original networkCBS
Picture formatMonochrome
Audio formatMono
Original releaseJune 25, 1951 (1951-06-25)
Chronology
Preceded byThe Goldbergs
Followed byIt's News to Me

Host and panelists

Who's Whose was hosted by long-time comedian and radio game show host Phil Baker. His on-air assistant was a man in a turban, dubbed "Gunga".[1] The three regular celebrity panelists for the show were Robin Chandler, Art Ford, and Basil Davenport. They were joined by guest panelist Emily Kimbrough.[1] The show was broadcast live and a kinescope was created for a later airing on the West Coast.

Game play

A round began with the "panel of experts" facing a group of three men and three women. Through questioning, the panel tried to determine which man was married to which woman.[2] Curiously, the print advertisement for the program which was placed by CBS in local newspapers on the day of the show's premiere incorrectly stated that the goal of the panel was to "try to determine which of three people is married to a fourth".[3]

In an additional separate round, the panel attempted to guess the identity of the spouse of a noted celebrity.

Background

Who's Whose was brought in to replace The Goldbergs, which was dropped by its sponsor (General Foods) when its creator Gertrude Berg refused to fire the blacklisted actor Philip Loeb.[4] The last episode of The Goldbergs ran on June 18, 1951. The official explanation given by the sponsor for dropping the show was that it was for "economy reasons". Who's Whose was slated to run in The Goldbergs' old timeslot during the summer and then be replaced in the fall.[5]

Audition show (pilot)

The concept for Who's Whose was tested in May 1951. An audition show (nowadays known as a pilot) was produced, but it was created in a unique, cost-saving way. The sound from the test program was recorded on audiotape in a radio studio,[6] while the visuals were recorded by taking a series of still camera photographs of the proceedings. The show's concept was then demonstrated by playing back the audio while flipping through the still photos. This technique was dubbed a "two-bit kine".[7] After the show was sold to CBS, a standard kinescope was produced to further develop the concept of the show.[6]

Packaging and sponsorship

Who's Whose was brought into existence as a "package" deal by the advertising agency Young & Rubicam (Y&R). Packaging was the common practice dating back to the days of network radio whereby an outside entity such as an advertising agency would assemble the various production elements, including a commercial sponsor, which are needed to bring about a show. The proposed show would then be presented to a network as a "complete package". (The similar concept of movie packaging is still fairly common.) Actual production of the show was handled by independent packager Lester Lewis.[8]

General Foods picked up sponsorship of the show in order to advertise its Sanka coffee brand, which it was already selling on the Goldbergs show. General Foods was able to place the show in the same timeslot as The Goldbergs because it basically "controlled" the timeslot in which the Goldbergs ran, namely Mondays from 9:30 to 10:00 pm Eastern Time on CBS-TV. This was also a common practice which also dated back to the days of network radio, where a single sponsor would pay the full costs for a certain timeslot and thus be given a great deal of leeway in determining what ran during that period. Today, rising commercial rates have made this practice usually too expensive for any one sponsor to afford (in any event, regulations following the 1950s quiz show scandals discouraged networks from ceding that much power to advertisers).

Critical response, cancellation and aftermath

The reaction to the Who's Whose was decidedly negative; it was lambasted by critics as the worst television show produced to date. It was described at the time as "one of the most poorly produced TV shows yet to hit our living room screen"[9] and "a miserable flop".[10] Columnist Rex Lardner wrote that the show was "the worst ever to hit television" and called for the return of The Goldbergs.[11] Reviews reported that the program was lacking in production, that the four panelists played the game poorly, and emcee Phil Baker was uncomfortable and clumsy. Not only did the panelists fail to correctly identify the wife of the famous celebrity, baseball player Dizzy Dean, but Dizzy Dean himself caused additional consternation for the staff when he disappeared while backstage awaiting his appearance. Fortunately they discovered that he had wandered off with an employee to listen to a Yankee-Dodger baseball game on the radio.[12]

The series was quickly canceled after its premiere. An article in the New York Times published four days after the show's broadcast noted its cancellation and its immediate replacement by a new panel quiz series, It's News to Me, with General Foods (and Sanka) remaining as the sponsor in the timeslot.[13] Phil Baker, who had signed a contract to receive $1000 a week, was paid off to conclude the contract.[8]

Young & Rubicam's long-term reputation for successfully "packaging" shows was damaged by the Who's Whose debacle. This failure, along with a number of other recent disappointments and failures, was followed by reports in August that the agency was likely getting out of the business of packaging radio and television shows, and that high-ranking people would be leaving the agency.[14]

References
  1. "WHO'S WHOSE (review)". Weekly Variety. Variety Publishing Company. June 27, 1951. p. 31. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  2. Simpson, Peg (June 25, 1951). "Baker Emcees New Panel Show on CBS Tonight". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY). p. 27. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  3. "Who's Whose (advertisement)". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY). June 25, 1951. p. 27. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  4. Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle. The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows - 1946-Present (2007). p. 545. ISBN 978-0-345-49773-4. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  5. "Sponsor Dropping 'Goldbergs' on TV". New York Times. May 19, 1951. p. 19. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  6. "Packagers Gripe In Web's 'Freeze' Of Kine Facilities". Weekly Variety. Variety Publishing Company. July 4, 1951. p. 35. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  7. "A DOLLAR SAVED -- New TV Audition Gimmick Uses Tape, Still Photo". The Billboard. May 19, 1951. p. 11. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  8. "'Who's' Was". Weekly Variety. Variety Publishing Company. July 4, 1951. p. 32. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  9. Clark, Rocky (July 1, 1951). "Tele-Views: 'WHO'S WHOSE' GONE". The Bridgeport Post (Connecticut). p. 19. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  10. Wolters, Larry (June 28, 1951). "BIGGEST QUIZ ON WHO'S WHOSE: WHY BOTHER?". Chicago Tribune. p. W6. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  11. "TV Critic Pleads for Mollie [sic] Goldberg's Return". The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle. AJP. July 20, 1951. p. 3. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  12. "(Dizzy Dean anecdote)". The Lincoln Star (Nebraska). July 8, 1951. p. 84. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  13. "Radio-TV Notes". New York Times. June 29, 1951. p. 27. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  14. "Y. & R. May Quit Packaging AM-TV Shows; Shake-Up Due". The Billboard. August 4, 1951. p. 4. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
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