White clover mosaic virus

White clover mosaic virus (WClMV) is a plant pathogenic virus[1] in the genus Potexvirus and the family Alphaflexiviridae. WClMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 480 nm in length and 13 nm wide.

White clover mosaic virus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Alsuviricetes
Order: Tymovirales
Family: Alphaflexiviridae
Genus: Potexvirus
Species:
White clover mosaic virus
Synonyms
  • Clover mosaic virus
  • Pea wilt virus

The virus is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made from a single viral encoded protein. The genome has been completely sequenced[2] and is 5845 nucleotides long. It is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, contact between plants and sometimes by seed (6% in Trifolium pratense). No insect vector is known.

Host range and geographic distribution

Its major host is clover (Trifolium spp).[3] It first reported in Trifolium repens in 1935.[4] In the western United States and south western Canada it had been found in clover in a mixed infection with another potexvirus, Clover yellow mosaic virus.[5][6] It is also known to infect peas (Pisum sativum), faba beans (Vicia faba), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), squash ( Cucurbita pepo ), and tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum).[7]

This virus is believed to be distributed in temperate regions worldwide.[8]

Diagnosis

Potexviruses make banded inclusions[9] made up of layers of parallel virus particles. These inclusions can be seen in the light microscope in leaf strips of infected plant tissue stained with Azure A or Orange-Green stains.[10][11] The banded inclusions produced by WClMV are disrupted by the process of staining for inclusions. Those of ClYMV are not and thus inclusions can be used to distinguish these two potexviruses. Antiserum[12] and sequence data [13] are also available for the diagnosis [14] of this virus.

References
  1. "About Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com.
  2. Forster, R L; Bevan, M W; Harbison, S A; Gardner, R C (11 January 1988). "The complete nucleotide sequence of the potexvirus white clover mosaic virus". Nucleic Acids Research. 16 (1): 291–303. doi:10.1093/nar/16.1.291. PMC 334627. PMID 3340527.
  3. Antoniw, John. "Show DPV Figure". www.dpvweb.net.
  4. Pierce, W.H. 1935. J. Asgric Res 51:1017
  5. Johnson, Phytopathology 32: 103, 1942.
  6. Pratt, M.J. Can. J. Bot. 39: 655, 1961
  7. Bancroft et al. 1960 Phytopathology 50:711-15
  8. Antoniw, John. "Show DPV and Refs in Frame". www.dpvweb.net.
  9. "Potexvirus Inclusions".
  10. "Materials and Methods for the Detection of Viral Inclusions". Archived from the original on 2014-10-13. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
  11. Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.
  12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2009-01-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "White clover mosaic virus, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  14. "Diagnosis / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com.
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